而弗親親親而仁民仁民 當務之爲急仁者無不愛 阕子孟子 日知者無不知也 務者 舜之仁不偏愛人急親賢 知而不偏物急先務也堯 也急親賢之爲務堯舜之 賢堯之 CHAP. XLV. Mencius said, 'In regard to inferior creatures, the superior man is kind to them, but not loving. In regard to people generally, he is loving to them, but not affectionate. He is affectionate to his parents, and lovingly disposed to people generally. He is lovingly disposed to people generally, and kind to creatures.' CHAP. XLVI. 1. Mencius said, 'The wise embrace all knowledge, but they are most earnest about what is of the greatest importance. The benevolent embrace all in their love, but what they consider of the greatest importance is to cultivate an earnest affection for the virtuous. Even the wisdom of Yâo and Shun did not extend to everything, but they attended earnestly to what was important. Their benevolence did not show itself in acts of kindness to every man, but they earnestly cultivated an affection for the virtuous. 45. THE LOVING TO OTHER MEN, AND AFFECTIONATE TO show in what way truly great rulers come to HIS RELATIVES. This was intended, no doubt, an administration which appears to possess against the Mohist doctrine of loving all those characters. The use of the in those clauses is idiomatic. To reduce it to the ordinary usages of the particle, we must take the BUPERIOR MAN IS KOID TO CREATURE 務之為急急親賢之爲務 equally.物=animals. The second 親is not to be understood only of parenta. Com. pare, D.M.. xx. 12. | first as mi 46. AGAINST THE PRINCES OF HIS TIME WHO only are they earnest about the things which OCCUPIED THEMSELVES WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF, AND REGARD FOR, WHAT WAS oF LITTLE IMPORT- ·無不知無不愛 are not our ‘omniscient,' and ‘all-loving,'but show the tendency and adaptation of the wise and the benevolent. The clauses that follow,當 it is most important to know,' and 親賢之當務 (but only are they The earnest about what is most important, the 務。請 問流察小 不是無 知之 三也。 放功而年不 而之緦之能 2. ‘Not to be able to keep the three years' mourning, and to be very particular about that of three months, or that of five months; to eat immoderately and swill down the soup, and at the same time to inquire about the precept not to tear the meat with the teeth ;such things show what I call an ignorance of what is most important. 2 'coarse, unbleached, hempen cloth,' the Book of Rites, I. Sect. I. iii. 54, 55. ' These are worn in mourning during the period of three cases adduced in illustration of what is insisted months for distant relatives. 小功 is the on in the previous paragraph ;–the folly of name applied in the case of mourning which ex- attending to what is comparatively trivial, tends for five months. 放飯云云,we | while overlooking what is important. see TSIN SIN. PART II. 不者不愛者惠不 愛以愛及以 王 開 及其不其其也哉子 句盡 其所仁所所仁梁 日 下心 CHAPTER I. 1. Mencius said, 'The opposite indeed of benevolent was the king Hui of Liang! The benevolent, beginning with what they care for, proceed to what they do not care for. Those who are the opposite of benevolent, beginning with what they do not care for, proceed to what they care for.’ LIANG, FOR SACRIFICING TO HIS AMBITION HIS 1. A STRONG CONDEMNATION OF KING HOT OF 云,一compare Pt. I xlv. Only 愛, being PEOPLE AND EVEN HIS SON. Compare Bk. I. there opposed to, is used with reference Pt. I. v, and other conversations with king to animals, while here it expresses the feeling Hai. I. Eis more than 'unbenevolent towards children and people and animals, and I have rendered it by 'to care for.' In the would mean, if we had such a term. It is Arst case in the text, the progress is from one nearly = 'oruel,' 'oppressive. 仁者云 degree of love to another; in the second, from 民而戰之大敗將復之恐 惠王以土地之故糜爛其 所愛公孫丑日何謂也梁 愛以 戰 惠所 图孟子日春秋無義戰彼 愛及其所愛也 以殉之是之謂以其所不 不能勝故驅其所愛子弟 伐下也敵國不相征也 善於此則有之矣征者上 也。者戰 上彼 不弟恐其 2. Kung-sun Ch'au said, What do you mean?' Mencius answered, The king Hui of Liang, for the matter of territory, tore and destroyed his people, leading them to battle. Sustaining a great defeat, he would engage again, and afraid lest they should not be able to secure the victory, urged his son whom he loved till he sacrificed him with them. This is what I call-" beginning with what they do not care for, and proceeding to what they care for."" CHAP. II. I. Mencius said, "In the " Spring and Autumn" there are no righteous wars. Instances indeed there are of one war better than another. 2. “ Correction" is when the supreme authority punishes its subjects by force of arms. Hostile States do not correct one another.' one degree of infliction to another.2. 糜 to the term in the second paragraph. In boil rice till it is reduced to a pulpy the Ch'un-ch'iû itself there are mentioned of mass.' So did Hai seem to deal with the fightings() only 23, while the 'smitings' bodies of his subjects 所愛子弟roform (伐) amount to ars. There are specified in to Hai's eldest son (Bk. 1. Pt. L. v. 1). He is it also invasions' (); 'sieges' (E); called a 子弟 as being one of the youth of (carryings away (遷); (extinguishinga’ the kingdom. -compare Pt. I. xlii. (滅); defeats’(敗) 1; (takingo' (取); CH'UN-CH'IO WERE UNRIGHTEOUS:-A WARNING 'Surprises' (); 'pursuits'(); and TO THE CONTENDING STATES OF MENCIUS'S TIME. defences' (); all of which may be com·無義戰 ' no righteous battles.' Both |prehended under the term 戰 2. Explains Chao Ch'T and Chû Hei make 戰-戰伐之 the assertion in the former paragraph. In the 2. HOW ALL THE FIGHTINGS RECORDED IN THE 'the affairs of fighting and smiting,' i.e. wars recorded by Confucius, one State or chief all the operations of war detailed in the Ch'un- was said to another, which could not be ch'iû. And rightly; for Mencius himself uses according to the meaning of the term. By 血仁人取不 陳子 流 南 君我日杵 伐無 善 有也 而下已於 於1 其至仁城則 征天戰日 何以武書 北下大我 CHAP. III. I. Mencius said, 'It would be better to be without the Book of History than to give entire credit to it. 2. ‘In the “ Completion of the War," I select two or three passages only, which I believe. 3. “The benevolent man has no enemy under heaven. When the prince the most benevolent was engaged against him who was the most the opposite, how could the blood of the people have flowed till it floated the pestles of the mortars?"' CHAP. IV. 1. Mencius said, 'There are men who say-"I am skilful at marshalling troops, I am skilful at conducting a battle!"— They are great criminals. 2. 'If the ruler of a State love benevolence, he will have no enemy in the kingdom. 3. When Tang was executing his work of correction in the 上 is intended the sovereign; by the 武成 is the title of the third Book in the princes. Compare Bk. VI. Pt. II. vii. 2. fifth Part of the Shû-ching, professing to be an 8. WITH WHAT RESERVATION MENCIUS READ account by king Wû of his enterprise against THE SHU-CHING. This is a difficult chapter for the tyrant Châu. The words quoted in the Chinese commentators, Chao Ch'i takes 書 next paragraph are found in par. 8. 3. For 杵 of the Shû-ching, which is the only fair inter pretation. Others understand it of books in there are different readings; see the 集澄 general. Thus Julien translates-'Si omnino in loc. Doubtless there is much exaggeration Adem adhibeas libris.' Many say that Mencius in the language, but Mencius misinterprets the had in view only the portion of the Shu-ching whole passage. The bloodshed was not done to which he refers in the next paragraph, but by the troops of king Wû, but by the forces of such a restriction of his language is entirely the tyrant turning against one another. arbitrary. The strangest view is that of the 4. COUNSEL TO PRINCES NOT TO ALLOW THENSELVES TO BE DECEIVED BY MEN WHO WOULD ADVISE author of the 四書拓餘說 whose THEN TO WAR. 1. Compare Bk. IV. Pt. I. xiv. 3. judgments generally are sound and sensible. a. Compare Bk. I. Pt. I. v. 6. 3. See Bk. i. 4. 革車, leathern car But he says here that Mencius is anticipating the attempts that would be made in after-ages Pt. II. xi, et al. to corrupt the classics, and testifying against riages, or chariots,' said by some to be baggagethem. We can see how the remarks were waggons, but, more probably, by others, chariots directed against the propensity to warfare of war, each one of which had seventy-two footwhich characterized his contemporaries. 2. | soldiers attached to it, so that Wû'sarmy would 用 戰 爲言正也各欲正已也焉 人 孟規 舜能梓 之使 人 巧R輿 窦罦孟子日舜之飯糗茹草 正也賁之西 已首非三伐夷 征敵千殷怨 焉之百人。也曰 south, the rude tribes on the north murmured. When he was executing it in the east, the rude tribes on the west murmured. Their cry was-"Why does he make us last?" 4. When king Wa punished Yin, he had only three hundred chariots of war; and three thousand life-guards. 5. (The king said, “Do not fear. Let me give you repose. I am no enemy to the people! On this, they bowed their heads to the earth, like the horns of animals falling off” 6.66 6. “ Royal correction" is but another word for rectifying. Each State wishing itself to be corrected, what need is there for fighting ?' CHAP. V. Mencius said, 'A carpenter or a carriage-maker may give a man the circle and square, but cannot make him skilful in the use of them.' CHAP. VI. Mencius said, 'Shun's manner of eating his parched grain and herbs was as if he were to be doing so all his life. When number 21,600, few as compared with the be well to retain the sound of in the trans forces of his opponent. 雨 used for 輛, the lation, and say, ‘Now ching means to rectify’ grd tone, a numerative for carringens 虎賁各欲正已, 'ench people wishes the (pan)-these appear to have been of the charac- chang-er to correct itself.' ter of life-guards, named from their tiger-like 5. REAL ATTAINMENT MUST BE MADE BY THE courage and bearing. 5. See the Shu-ching, LEARNER FOR HIMSELF. Compare Pt. I. xli. See Pt. V. i. Sect. II. 9. But the text of the Classic also in Chwang-tsze, Bk. xiii. par. 10. is hardly recognisable in Mencius's version of it. The original is: Rouse yey my heroes.輪興 see Bk. III. Pt. II. iv. 3. 梓匠 Do not think that he is not to be feared, but 6. THE EQUANIMITY OF SHUN IN POVERTY rather hold that he cannot be withstood. The AS 30VEREIGN. people are full of awe, as if their horns were 草 must be taken as falling from thein heads. 6. Perhaps it would is a word used for, applied to eating ND |
