清仕而之魯敦柳於爾與 清者也伊尹聖之任者也柳 人道曰孔下我為鄉 子可也遲 也遲子惠側爾人 遲之之爾我 也。以 去風焉為由 齊者能我由 接鄙浼雖然 不 可 去淅夫 夷以 從而寬哉裼忍 聖仕以母行故裡去 之而 而久國去夫聞裡也 carry out his principles. When dismissed and left without office, he did not murmur. When straitened by poverty, he did not grieve. When thrown into the company of village people, he was quite at ease and could not bear to leave them. He had a saying, "You are you, and I am I. Although you stand by my side with breast and arms bare, or with your body naked, how can you defile me?" Therefore when men now hear the character of Hui of Liu-hsia, the mean become generous, and the niggardly become liberal. 4. 'When Confucius was leaving Ch'i, he strained off with his hand the water in which his rice was being rinsed, took the rice, and went away. When he left Lû, he said, " I will set out by-and-by:" -it was right he should leave the country of his parents in this way. When it was proper to go away quickly, he did so; when it was proper to delay, he did so; when it was proper to keep in retirement, he did so; when it was proper to go into office, he did so:-this was Confucius.' 5. Mencius said, Po-i among the sages was the pure one;ÎYin is wanting there, makes the of that by 'character,' than by any other English term. place more plain. is 'to have the arms, to rinse or wash rice,' 'the water in bare,' and 'to put off all the upper garment." 裸裎 together, is (to have the body naked.. which rice is washed.' The latter is the sense 「here. 遲遲吾行 was the anewer given by Confucius to Tsze-lû, who wished to hurry Here and in par. 1, is expressed more nearly him away. 5. I have invented the adjective 大成也者金聲而玉振之也 時者也孔子之謂集大成 下惠聖之和者也孔子聖之 著者 人事也終條理者聖之事 也者終條理也始條理者智 金聲也者始條理也玉振之 至力之 力由也 之也集 was the one most inclined to take office; Hui of Liù-hsia was the accommodating one; and Confucius was the timeous one. 6. In Confucius we have what is called a complete concert. A complete concert is when the large bell proclaims the commencement of the music, and the ringing stone proclaims its close. The metal sound commences the blended harmony of all the instruments, and the winding up with the stone terminates that blended harmony. The commencing that harmony is the work of wisdom. The terminating it is the work of sageness. 7. 'As a comparison for wisdom, we may liken it to skill, and as a comparison for sageness, we may liken it to strength;-as in the case of shooting at a mark a hundred paces distant. That you reach it is owing to your strength, but that you hit the mark is not owing to your strength.' 'timeous' to translate the here, meaning are all used as verbs., 'discriminated that Confucius did at every time what the circum-rules,' indicates the separate music of the stances of it required, possessing the qualities various instruments blended together. of all other sages, and displaying them, at the are not parts of the concert, Confucius here is from a grand performance of but the signals of its commencement and close, music, in which all the eight kinds of musical the 之 referring to 集大聲 7. Observe instruments are united, One instrument would the comma after 智 and 聖由-猶 make a 小成 (small performance. Joined, The other three worthies,' it is observed, (ear they make a 集大成,‘a collected great ried one point to an extreme, but Confucius was performance,' = ‘a concert..聲始, and | each of them to one of the seasons, but Con. proper time and place. 6. The illustration of 聲 and振之 6 complete in everything. We may compare ,仙凡位天然 位中士一位下士一 位大夫一位上士 位凡五等也君一位卿 也籍惡其爵 伯子 @其害已也而皆去其 男 聞皆也 如錡 北宮鎶問日周室 位一鄉一侯畧其侯日班 CHAP. II. I. Pêi-kung I asked Mencius, saying, 'What was the arrangement of dignities and emoluments determined by the House of Châu? 2. Mencius replied, "The particulars of that arrangement cannot be learned, for the princes, disliking them as injurious to themselves, have all made away with the records of them. Still I have learned the general outline of them. 3. The SON OF HEAVEN constituted one dignity; the KUNG one; the HÂU one; the PÂI one; and the TSZE and the NAN each one of equal rank-altogether making five degrees of rank. The RULER again constituted one dignity; the CHIEF MINISTER one; the GREAT OFFICERS one; the SCHOLARS OF THE FIRST CLASS one; THOSE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS one; and THOSE OF THE LOWEST CLASS one:altogether making six degrees of dignity. fucius was the grand, harmonious air of heaven, 3.公侯伯子男 have been rendered flowing through all the seasons.' 'duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron,' and 2. THE ARRANGEMENT OF DIGNITIES AND EMOLU- also 'duke, prince, count, marquis, and baron,' MENTS ACCORDING TO THE. DYNASTY OF CHÂU. but they by no means severally correspond to r. Pei-kung Îwas an officer of the State of Wei. those dignities. It is better to retain the The double surname, 'Northern-palace,' had Chinese designations, which, no doubt, were probably been given to the founder of the originally meant to indicate certain qualities family from his residence. 2. Many passages | might be quoted from the Li Chi, the Chau Li, of those bearing them. 公='just, correct, and the Shd-ching, illustrating, more or less, without selfishness.’侯 ‘taking care of’= the dignities of the kingdom and their emolu ments, but it would be of little use to adduce, in the sense of 'guarding the borders and them after Mencius's declaration that only the important places against banditti; possessed of general outline of them could be ascertained. It is an important fact which he mentions, the power to govern.' conveys the idea of that the princes had destroyed (, 3rd tone) elder and intelligent," one capable of presiding many of the records before his time. The over others.'-, 'to nourish,' 'one who founder of the Ch'in dynasty had had prede- genially cherishes the people.’男(from 田, cessors and patterns., 4th tone, 'to hate.''field,' and, strength'), 'one adequate to 視受之於十十里方 男。禕 受侯不凡七里等 卿大伯地 達 虐四十公关 祿國元視附於等里侯子 卿地士侯庸天不子皆 天子、食 祿方 四百地夫子附五五百 4. To the Son of Heaven there was allotted a territory of a thousand square. A Kung and a Hâu had each a hundred square. A Pai had seventy lt, and a Taze and a Nan had each fifty 1. The assignments altogether were of four amounts. Where the territory did not amount to fifty lt, the chief could not have access himself to the Son of Heaven. His land was attached to some Hau-ship, and was called a Fo-YUNG. 5. 'The Chief ministers of the Son of Heaven received an amount of territory equal to that of a Hâu; a Great officer received as much as a Pai; and a scholar of the first class as much as a Tsze or a Nan. 6. In a great State, where the territory was a hundred lu square, the ruler had ten times as much income as his Chief ministers; office and labour., The name of 君, ‘ruler,’jare told by the minicter Tsan that, at the ‘sovereign,' is applicable to all the dignities western capital of Chau, the territory was 800 enumerated, and under each of them are the square. The meaning is that there were secondary or ministerial dignities. - again, the territory was 600 square, or 8x8 squares of 100 li. At the eastern capital 6x6 squares of 100 Putting these two together, we get the total of 1,000 li square. one who can illustrate what is good and right.' 夫枎; to support,’“to sustain;’一大夫 officer;'一任事之稱 ‘the designation of o in regard to the various States of the princes, we are to understand that, however their form might be varied by the hills and rivers, their area, in round numbers, amounted to so much;'-see in the Li Chi, III. 1, a, where one entrusted with businem 4. 地方千 thetext, however, is not at all perspicuous 附 里,一this means, according to the commen2 attached;" 庸, ‘meritoriousnes.’ There tator 彭絲橫千里直千里共States were too small to bear the expenses of 一百萬里也,‘2,ooo li in breadth, and the names and surnames of their chiefs were appearing before the sovereign, and therefore, 1,000 li in length, making an area of 1,000,000 sent into court by the great princes to whom On this, however, the following judgment they were attached, or perhaps they appeared in is given by the editors of the imperial edition their train;-see on Analects, XVI. i. r. 5.7 of the five Ching of the present dynasty: ·Where we find the word square (方) 士, ‘Hend scholar,' could only be applied to we are not to think of an exact square, but simply the scholars of the first class in the sovereign's that, on a calculation, the amount of territory immediate government. 6.庶人在官 is equal to so many square . For instance, we would be runners, clerks, and other subor 十耕在中大里代 5代庶中大 士夫 也。官士夫君 祿小者 國同下上 祿地祿士士祿 二方祿下上卿 庶人在官者同祿祿足以 倍倍 下上 大五足士士祿地祿士士 夫十以與倍三方 下上 里代熊中大 庶 七人 士 王 夫君其人士夫十以與倍 a Chief minister four times as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the first class; a scholar of the first class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; the scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had for their emolument as much as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. 7. 'In a State of the next order, where the territory was seventy 24 square, the ruler had ten times as much revenue as his Chief minister; a Chief minister three times as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the first class; a scholar of the first class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; the scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had for their emolument as much as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. 8. ‘In a small State, where the territory was fifty lu square, the ruler had ten times as much revenue as his Chief minister; a Chief minister had twice as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the highest class; a scholar of the highest class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of dinates, which appear in the Châu Li, as all who had lands received their incomes from aid, while the landless scholars and other 府史胥and Chû Hat gives hie them, as cultivated on the system of mutual opinion, that, from the sovereign downwards, subordinates received according to the income |
