Evolution of Sameness and Difference

algae alignment alternative amino acid analysis animals anticodon Archaea bacteria base pairs biology biology's branch Cavalier-Smith cells cellular century changes chloroplasts chromosomes cloning clusters codons common ancestor complex concept containing cytoplasm database DNA sequences domains duplication Earthlife endosymbionts enzymes Eucarya eukaryan eukaryotes evolution evolutionary example exons families forms fragments function genomic sequences heredity homology horizontal gene transfer host Human Genome Project identified individuals introns lateral gene transfer life's living things mechanism membrane mitochondria molecular biologists molecules monophyletic motifs mRNA mtDNA mutations natural selection nitrogenous bases noncellular nuclear nucleic acid nucleotides organelles organisms origin phylogenetic tree plants polypeptide polypeptide-encoding problem produced prokaryotes proteins quences recombination regions replication resembling retrotransposons retroviruses reverse transcriptase ribosomal ribozymes RNA polymerase RNA viruses RNA world rRNA Science sequence data similar Sogin species splicing ssRNA strand structure suggest superfamilies synthesis theory tion transcription translation tRNA viral virus Woese yeast