THE MERCHANT OF VENICE. LITERARY AND HISTORICAL NOTICE. SHAKSPEARE was supposed to have taken the two plots of this admirable play from an Italian novel, and from a collection of old stories, printed by Wynkin de Worde, under the title of Gesta Romanorum; but as a play comprehending the incidents of both had been exhibited long before he commenced writing for the stage, he probably chose the latter as a model for his own production. It matters not, however, from what source a dramatic author derives his plot, so that he plan it well, and make good use of it afterward; and Johnson says, that in this play "the union of two actions in one event is eminently happy ;" excelling evea Dryden's skilfal conjunction of the two plots in his Spanish Friar, yet the interest of action can scarcely be said to continue beyond the disgrace of Shylock, in the fourth act; since expectation is so strongly fixed upon “justice and the bond," that it ceases to exist after they are satisfied. In the defeat of cunning, and in the triumph of humanity, the most powerful feelings of our nature are successively appealed to: thus anticipation is keenly alive, so long as Antonio's fate is dark and undecided. But with the development of that, the charm is at an end. The power of excitement expires with the object upon which the feelings were centered; and as the lesser passions are susceptible of little delight, when the greater have been subjected to aty unusual stimulant, the common-place trifles of the concluding act are rather endured with patience, than received with gratification. The character of Shylock is no less original, than it is finely finished: "the language, allusions, and ideas (says Henly) are so appropriate to a Jew, that Shylock might be exhibited for an exemplar of that peculiar people;" nor are the other personages unpleasingly drawn or inadequately supported. Of detached passages, Portia's description of the qualitics and excellence of mercy, may be selected as one of the noblest attributes with which Genius has ever exalted the excellence of any particular virtue. Frie GRATIANO, LORENZO, in love with Jessica. SHYLOCK, a Jew. OLD GOBBO, Father to Launcelot. STEPHANO, SALARINO,Friends to Antonio and Bassanio. | PORTIA, a rich Heiress: NERISSA, her waiting-maid. TOBAL, a Jew, his Friend. LAUNCELOT GOBBO, a Clown, Servant to Shy Magnificoes of Venice, Officers of the Court of lock. SCENE-partly at Venice, and partly at Belmont, the Seat of Portia, on the Continent. ACT 1. SCENE I-Venice.-A Street. And such a want-wit sadness makes of me, Salar. Your mind is tossing on the ocean: • Shipt of large burthen, probably galleons. Like signiors and rich burghers of the flood, As they fly by them with their woven wings. The better part of my affections would Salar. My wind cooling my broth, entertain, And do a wilful stillness ears, If they should speak, would almost damn those Lor. Well, we will leave you then till dinner- Would blow me to an ague when I thought To think on this; and shall I lack the thought, That such a thing, bechanc'd, would make me sad ? But, tell not me: I know, Antonio [it, Ant. Believe me, ao: I thank my fortune for Salan. Not in love neither? Then let's say you Because you are not merry: and, 'twere as easy And laugh, like parrots, at a bagpiper; That they'll not show their teeth in way of If worthier friends had not prevented me. Salar. Good morrow, my good lords. yours. [Exeunt SALARINO and SALANIO. Lor. My lord Bassanio, since you have found Antonio, We two will leave you: but at dinner time, Gra. You look not well, signior Antonio; You have too much respect upon the world: They lose it, that do buy it with much care. Believe me, you are marvellously chang'd. Ant. I hold the world but as the world, Gra- A stage, where every man must play a part, Enter BASSANIO, LORENZO, and GRATIANO. Bass, 'Tis not unknown to you, Autonia, Gratiano, and Lorenzo : Fare you well; Salar. I would have staid till I had made you Is, to come fairly off from the great debts, merry, Wherein my time, something too prodigal, Ant. I pray you, good Bassanio, let me know Gra. Let me play the Fool: With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come; dice I must be one of these same dumb wise men, Gra. Well, keep me company but two years Ant. Farewell: I'll grow a talker for tas Gra. Thanks, i'faith; for silence only is com- By being peevish? I tell thee what, Antonio,- In a neat's tongue dried, and a maid not rende Bass. Gratiano speaks an infinite deal of so thing, more than any man in all Venice : His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of chaff; you shall seek all day ere you find them; and when you have them they are not worth the search. Ant. Well; tell me now, what lady is the same To whom you swore a secret pilgrimage And, if it stand, as you yourself still do, Bass. In my school days, when I had lost out I shot his fellow of the self-same flight 1 oft found both: I urg'd this childhood proof, Ant. You know me well; and herein spend To wind about my love with circumstance; • Obstinate silence. + This is an allusion to the puritan preachers, whe being generally long and tedious, were obliged to post poue that part of their sermon called the cabeftalien, till after dinner. Than if you had made waste of all I have: Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth: Haug on her temples like a golden fleece; Which makes her seat of Belmont, Colchos' at sea; And many Jasons come in quest of her. O my Antonio, had I but the means To hold a rival place with one of them, Por. God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man. In truth, I know it is a sin to be a mocker; But, he! why, he hath a horse better than the Neapolitan's; a better had habit of frowning than the count Palatine: he is every I have a mind presages me such thrift, Ant. Thou know'st, that all my fortunes are man in uo man: if a throstle sing, he falls straight a capering: he will fence with his own shadow if I should marry him, I should marry twenty husbands: If he would despise me, I would forgive him; for if he love me to madness, I shall never requite him. [Exeunt. SCENE II.—Belmont.-A Room in PORTIA's House. Enter PORTIA and NERISSA. Por. By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is a-weary of this great world. Ner. You would be, sweet madam, if your miseries were in the same abundance as your good fortunes are: And yet for aught I see, they are as sick, that surfeit with too much, as they that starve with nothing: It is no mean happiness therefore, to be seated in the mean; superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but, competency lives longer. Por. Good sentences, and well pronounced. Ner. They would be better, if well followed. Por. If to do were as easy as to know what were good to do, chapels had been churches, and poor men's cottages princes' palaces. It is a good divine that follows his own instructions; I can easier teach twenty what were good to be done, than be one of the twenty to follow mine own teaching. The brain may devise laws for the blood; but a hot temper leaps over a cold decree such a hare is madness the youth, to skip o'er the meshes of good counsel the cripple. But this reasoning is not in the fashion to choose me a husband :-0 me, the word choose! I may neither choose whom I would, nor refuse whom I dislike; so the will of a living daughter curb'd by the will of a dead father :-Is it not hard, Nerissa, that I cannot choose one, nor refuse none? Ver. Your father was ever virtuous; and holy men, at their death, have good inspirations; therefore the lottery that he hath devised in these three chests, of gold, silver, and lead, (whereof who chooses his meaning. chooses you,) will, no doubt, never be chosen by any rightly, but one who you shall rightly love. But what warmth is there in your affection towards any of these princely suitors that are already come? Ver. First, there is the Neapolitan prince. nothing but talk of his horse; and he makes it a great appropriation to his good parts, that he can shoe him himself; I am much afraid, my lady his mother played false with a smith. Ner. Then, is there the county Palatine. Por. He doth nothing but frown; as who should say, An if you will not have me, choose: be bears merry tales, and smiles not: I fear he will prove the weeping philosopher when he grows old, being so full of unmannerly sadness in his youth. I had rather be married to a death's head with a bone in his mouth, than to either of these. God defend me from these two. Ner. How say you by the French lord, Monsieur Le Bon ? Ner. What say you then to Faulconbridge, the young baron of England? Por. You know, I say nothing to him; for he understands not me, nor I him he hath neither Latin, French, nor Italian; and you will come into the court and swear, that I have a poor penny-worth in the English. He is a proper man's picture; But, alas! who can converse with a dumb show? How oddly he is suited! I think, he bought his doublet in Italy, his round hose in France, his bonnet in Germany, and his behaviour every where. Ner. What think you of the Scottish lord, his neighbour? Por. Therefore, for fear of the worst, I pray thee set a deep glass of Rhenish wine on the contrary casket: for, if the devil be within, and that temptation without, I know he will choose it. I will do any thing, Nerissa, ere I will be married to a sponge. Ner. You need not fear, lady, the having any of these lords; they have acquainted me with their determination: which is, indeed, to return to their home, and to trouble you with no more suit; unless you may be won by some other sort than your father's imposition, depending on the caskets. Por. If I live to be as old as Sibylla I will die as chaste as Diana, unless I be obtained by the manner of my father's will: I am glad this Por. I pray thee overname them; and as parcel of wooers are so reasonable; for there is thou namest them, I will describe them: and, not one among them but I dote on bis very according to my description, level at my affec-absence, and I pray God grant them a fair departure. tion. Ner. Do you not remember, lady, in your father's time, a Venetian, a scholar, and a sol Por. That he hath a neighbourly charity in him; for he borrowed a box of the ear of the Englishman, and swore he would pay him again, when he was able; I think the Frenchman became his surety, and sealed under for au other. Ner. How like you the young German, the duke of Saxony's nephew? Por. Very vilely in the morning, when he is sober; and most vilely in the afternoon, when he is drunk: when he is best, he is little worse than a man; and when he is worst, he is little better than a beast; an the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him. Ner. If he should offer to choose, and choose the right casket, you should refuse to perform your father's will, if you should refuse to accept him. • Count. dier, that came hither in company of the mar-Even there where merchants most do congre quis of Montferrat? Por. Yes, yes, it was Bassanio; as I think so was he called. Ner. True, madam; he, of all the men that ever my foolish eyes looked upon, was the best deserving a fair lady, Por. I remember him well; and I remember him worthy of thy praise.-How now! what news? Enter a SERVANT. Serv. The four strangers, seek for you, madam, to take their leave: and there is a forerunner come from a fifth, the prince of Morecco; who brings word the prince, his master, will be here to-night. SCENE III-Venice.-A public Place. Bass. For the which, as I told you, Antonio shall be bound. Shy. Antonio shall become bound,-well. and Antonio bound. Por. If I could bid the fifth welcome with so By taking nor by giving of excess, Shy. Ay, ay, three thousand ducats. Shy. I had forgot,-three mosties, you idd Bass. Your answer to that. Shy. Antonio is a good man. Bass. Have you heard any imputation to the contrary? Shy. Ho, no, no, no, no ;-my meaning, in saying he is a good man, is to have you understand me, that he is sufficient: yet his means are in supposition: he bath an argosy bound to Tripolis, another to the Indies; I understand moreover upon the Rialto, he bath a third at Mexico, a fourth for England,--and other ventures be bath, squander'd abroad: But ships are but boards, sailors but men: there be land. rats and water-rats, water-thieves, and land thieves; I mean, pirates; and then, there is the peril of waters, winds, and rocks: The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient;-three thousand ducats-I think, I may take his bond. Bass. Be assured you may. Shy. I will be assured I may; and, that may be assured, I will bethink me: May speak with Antonio ? Bass. If it please you to dine with us. Shy. Yes, to smell pork; to eat of the habitation which your prophet, the Nazarite, conjured the devil into I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. What news on the Rialto -Who is he comes here? gate, On me, my bargains, and my well-won fril, Bass. Shylock, do you bear! Shy. I am debating of my present store; me so. Well then, your bond; and, let me see,-B Methought, you said, you neither lent, se Ant. I do never use it. Shy. When Jacob graz'd his uncle Labar's sheep, (As bis wise mother wrought in bis betaf,) pied, Directly interest: mark what Jacob did. Jacob's. This was a way to thrive, and he was blest; Ant. This was a venture, Sir, that Jand A thing not in his power to bring to pass, it breed z fast:- The devil can cite scripture for his pape. Three months from twelve, then let me set rate. Ant. Well, Shylock, shall we be beholden tyva • Wents which admit ne lenge ca. $ Interest. Well then, it now appears, you need my help: Say this, Fair Sir, you spit on me on Wednesday You spurn'd me such a day; another time Ant. I am as like to call thee so again, take) A breed for barren metal of his friend? Shy. Why, look you, how you storm! I would be friends with you, and have your Forget the shames that you have stain'd me Supply your present wants, and take no doit bond, And say there is much kindness in the Jew. I'll rather dwell in my necessity. Ant. Why, fear not, man; I will not forfeit it; Shy. O father Abraham, what these Christians Whose own hard dealings teaches them suspect A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, bond. ACT II. may, My ships coine beme a mo.th before the day. [Acunt. SCENE 1.-Belmont.-A Room in PORTIA'S House. me: Ant. This were kindness. Shy. This kindness will I show :- lu such a place, such sum or sums as are of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken And so may 1, blind fortune leading me, Ant. Content, in faith; I'll seal to such a Miss that which one unworthier may attain, Flourish of Cornets. Enter the PRINCE OF MOROCCO and his Train; PORTIA, NERISSA, und other of her Attendants. Mor. Mislike me not for my complexion, Bars me the right of voluntary choosing: Mor. Even for that I thank you : Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey, Por. You must take your chance; Or swear, before you choose, if you choose wrong, Never to speak to lady afterward In way of marriage: therefore be advis'd. Mor. Nor will not; come, bring me unto my chance. Por. First, forward to the temple; after dinner Your hazard shall be made. SCENE II-Venice.-A Street. Enter LAUNCELOT GOBBO. Shy. Then meet me forthwith at the notary's; Laun. Certainly my conscience will serve me to run from this Jew, my master: The fiend is at mine elbow: and tempts me, saying to me, Gobbo, Launcelot Gobbo, good Launcelot, or good Gobbo, or good Launcelot Gobbo, use your legs, take the start, run away: My couscience says,-no; take heed, honest Launcelot; take heed, honest Gobbo; or, as aforesaid, honest Launcelot Gobbo; do not run; scorn running with thy heels: Well, the most courageous fiend bids me pack; via! says the tiend; away! says the fiend, for the heavens; rouse up a brave mind, says the fiend, and run. Well, my conscience, hanging about the neck of my heart, says very wisely to me, my horest friend Launcelot, being an honest man's son, [Exit. Ant. Hie thee, gentle Jew. This Hebrew will turn Christian; he grows kind. Bass. I like not fair terms, and a villain's mind. Ant. Come on in this there can be no dis--or rather an honest woman's son; -for, indeed, my father did something stack, something grow • Red blood is a traditionary sign of lete al righted. Mor. Good fortune then! [Cornets. To make me bless'd, or cursed'st among men. |