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showed originality, and was little affected by current modes of art and thought. His earliest book was the fragmentary Pauline," 1833, afterward suppressed, but latterly included in the "complete editions." This was followed by "Paracelsus," 1835, which secured for the poet a small set of firm adherents. "Strafford," his first acting drama, was played by Macready at Covent Garden, 1837. The enig matical Sordello," 1840, made it plain that he was no candidate for immediate popularity, but took his appeal to the intellectual few. From 1841 to 1846, however, many of his most beautiful and dramatic lyrics and idyls came out in the eight parts of Bells and Pomegranates;" which embraced, also, the great series of earlier dramas: "Pippa Passes," 1840; "King Victor and King Charles," 1842; The Return of the Druses," 1843; A Blot in the 'Scutcheon," 1843; 'Colombe's Birthday," 1844; "Luria," 1846; and " A Soul's Tragedy, 1846. These intensely wrought and penetrating studies of human life, thought, and circumstance, fervid with color, and saturated with learning, came from the brain of one who could be as melodious or as rugged as he chose, and at will impassioned or analytic. They impressed careful readers with his greatness; but he failed to reach the common people, or gain the fame then won by Tennyson, until the afternoon of his vigorous life. Meantime he wrote ceaselessly; his marriage with Miss Barrett, of itself, with their life in Rome, invested him with interest, and finally such works as Men and Women," 1855, Dramatis Personæ," 1864, "The Ring and the Book," 1868-69, were as eagerly welcomed by the English-reading world as by those who so long had recognized his gifts. After his marriage (related in the preceding notice), the thoroughly ideal life of the wedded poets" was something that has become historic, no other union of two poets so individually great having ever occurred. When Mrs. Browning died, Browning left Florence, and resided chiefly in London for many years. Among his volumes hitherto unmentioned are "Balaustion's Adventure," 1871; "Fifine at the Fair." 1872; Red Cotton Night-Cap Country." 1873; Aristophanes' Apology,' 1875;

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The Inn Album," 1875; "La Saisiaz," 1878; "Dramatic Idyls." 1879, 1880; "Jocoseria, 1883; Ferishtah's Fancies," 1884; "Parleyings," etc., 1887; and the small collection of his last lyrics," Asolando," 1889. Browning, after all this prodigal work, and a hale and optimistic old age, died serenely, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. For years before his death his name had been as splendid as it was formerly obscure. The original Browning Club was founded in 1881. for the study and exposition of his works. His extreme votaries rank him with Shakespeare, praise him for his more involved and prosaic labors, and look askance at other modern poets, Tennyson not excepted. But these are they who care less for absolute poetry than for metaphysics. Of late a finer discrimination is exercised, and the poet's

highest qualities are more clearly comprehended, even by the Browning societies. His truest lover is one who takes him at his best, as an affluent artist, and the most profound modern revealer of the human soul, without over-valuing his excess of analysis and didacti cism. Cp. Victorian Poets," chaps. ix, xii. [E. C. s.]

BUCHANAN, Robert, dramatist and nov. elist, b. Glasgow, 1841. Educated at the University of Glasgow, where he met the poet David Gray, with whom he afterwards occupied lodg ings in London. He is a versatile and polemic man of letters, has won distinction in various departments of literature, and is an active writer of plays for the stage. Has been a regular contributor to the Contemporary Review" for a number of years. Author of "Undertones," 1860; "Idyls and Legends of Inverburn," 1865; "London Poems," 1866;

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The Book of Orm," 1870; "Ballads of Life, Love, and Humor," 1882. He has also written several novels. Among his successful plays are "A Nine Days' Queen,' Lady Clare," "Storm-Beaten," and "Sophia." A beautiful edition of his collected poems, in three volumes, came out in 1874. Cp." Victorian Poets," ch. x. BULWER, Sir Edward Lytton. See Edward, Lord Lytton.

BURBIDGE, Thomas, b. 1816. Author of "Poems, Longer and Shorter," 1838; Hours and Days," 1851. Published, in connection with A. H. Clough," Ambarvalia, and other Poems,' 1849.

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Educated at Queen's University, Kingston. Resided in the United States for several years, and wrote for the American and Canadian periodicals. Author of "Lyrics on Freedom, Love, and Death." A writer of promise, whose loss was deeply regretted.

CAMPBELL, William Wilfred, government service, b. Western Ontario, 1861. Educated at University College, Toronto, and Cambridge, Mass. His verse appears in American magazines. Has held an appointment in the Department of the Secretary of State at Ottawa since 1893. Author of "Lake Lyrics," 1889; "The Dread Voyage," 1893; "Mordred, a Tragedy," and "Hildebrand,' blank verse, 1895.

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CANTON, William, journalist, b. Island of Chusan, off the coast of China, 1845. Passed his childhood in Jamaica and was educated in France. Removed to Scotland and joined the staff of the Glasgow Herald." "A Lost Epic and other Poems" was published in 1887.

CARLYLE, Jane Welsh, b. Haddington,

1801; d. London, 1866. Married Thomas Carlyle, 1826. A collection of her letters was made and edited by J. A. Froude, 1883. Her verse, of which at one time she wrote a great deal, was spirited and original.

CARLYLE, Thomas, essayist and historian, b. Ecclefechan, Scotland, 1795; d. Chelsea, London, 1881. Educated at Edinburgh University. Studied for the ministry, but gave that up for law, which he also shortly abandoned. He taught school and was tutor in a private family. Owing to his individual style, he did not take his proper place in literature until the publication of the French Revolution," 1837. Most of his verse was contributed to magazines between 1823 and 1833. Was made Lord Rector of Edinburgh University in 1866. Among his works are "Sartor Resartus," 1833-34; "Chartism," 1839; "Heroes and Hero-Worship," 1841; "Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches," 1845; History of Frederick the Great," 1858-65.

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CARMAN, Bliss, man of letters, b. Fredericton, N. B., 1861. Was graduated at the University of New Brunswick, 1881, receiving the degree of M. A., 1884. During the past few years has resided chiefly in the United States, where he has been actively engaged as an editor and writer. Member of the editorial staff of several periodicals, including the New York "Independent" and the Chicago Chap-Book." A frequent contributor of poetry and critical articles to the mazagines. His published books are, Low Tide on Grand Pré," 1893; and "Songs from Vagabondia," with Richard Hovey as joint author, 1894.

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"CARROLL, Lewis."-See Charles Lutwidge Dodgson.

CASTILLA, Ethel, resident of Victoria, Australia. "An Australian Girl" was contributed to a Melbourne newspaper.

CLARKE, Herbert Edwin, b. Chatteris, Isle of Ely, 1852. Educated in schools conducted by the Society of Friends, of which denomination his parents were members. Published "Songs in Exile," 1879; "Storm-Drift," 1882.

CLEPHANE, Elizabeth Cecilia, b. Edinburgh, 1830; d. Melrose, 1869. Her poem, "The Ninety and Nine," made famous by the singing evangelist, Ira D. Sankey, first appeared in the Family Treasury," and afterwards in the "Christian Age."

CLOUGH, Arthur Hugh, educator, b. Liverpool, 1819; d. Florence, Italy, 1861. Spent most of his childhood in the United States, but later was sent to Rugby, and was a favorite pupil of Dr. Arnold. He took the Balliol Scholarship in 1836 and went to Oxford. Subsequently he was appointed Fellow and tutor at Oriel. Visited Rome and Paris, and wrote a notable series of letters from both places. In 1852 he came to the United States and established himself at Cambridge, Mass., where he lectured, taught, and contributed to various periodicals. During his American sojourn he won the friendship and alliance of the selectest leaders of the Harvard literary group. At Oxford he is remembered with Matthew Arnold and the struggle for freedom of opinion. His life and death inspired Arnold's The Scholar Gypsy," and elegy of "Thyrsis." In 1853 he returned to England, accepting office in the Education Department of the Privy Council, which he held until his death. The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich was published in 1848, and a volume of poems, Ambarvalia," which he wrote with Thomas Burbidge, appeared in 1849. Completed his revision of Dryden's "Plutarch," 1859. After his death, his collected poems were brought out, 1862, with a memoir by his friend, Prof. C. E. Norton.

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COLERIDGE, Hartley, son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, b. Clevedon, 1796; d. 1849. Attended Merton College, Oxford, and obtained a Fellowship at Oriel College. Attempted a literary career in London, and afterward started a boys' school at Ambleside, but was unsuccessful in both. Met Wordsworth when a boy and formed a friendship with him that lasted until his death. Contributed to "Black wood's.' Published a volume of poems in 1833. His works were edited and republished by his brother in 1851.

COLERIDGE, Sara, daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, b. Keswick, 1802; d. 1852. For a number of years made her home with her uncle, Robert Southey. In 1829, married her cousin, Henry Nelson Coleridge. Did some valuable editorial work, and translating. "Phantasmion," a fairy tale, appeared in 1837.

COLLINS, Mortimer, novelist and journalist. b. Plymouth, 1827; d. Richmond, 1876. Published his first book of verse, "Idyls and Rhymes," in 1855, while master of mathematics at Queen Elizabeth's College, Guernsey. In

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1856 gave up this position and devoted himself entirely to writing. Summer Songs арpeared in 1860. Was the author of a number of novels, of which "Sweet Anne Page," 1868, is one of the best known. Contributed to newspapers and magazines.

COOK, Eliza, b. Southwark, 1812; d. 1889. In her youth her writings were published in periodicals and attracted a great deal of notice. Established Eliza Cook's Journal," a weekly periodical, 1849, but owing to failing health discontinued it in 1854. Lays of a Wild Harp" appeared in 1835, and her collected "Poems, 1840; New Echoes," 1864; and "Diamond Dust," 1865. Her poems attained wide popularity and have passed through various editions.

COOPER, Thomas, "The Chartist," b. Leicester, 1805; d. 1892. Self-educated, and pursued his studies under great disadvantages. Took an active part in political reform and devoted his time to lecturing in England and Scotland. Collected his poetical works in 1878.

CORY, William, educator, b. 1823; d. 1892. Known as William Johnson during the greater part of his life, and while bearing this name published Ionica," a book of chaste and exquisite verse, 1858, and several text-books on the classics. Was educated at Eton, and held a Fellowship at King's College, Cambridge. Assistant master at Eton, 1847-71. Soon after leaving Eton, adopted the name of Cory, and brought out a Guide to Modern English History.' A new edition of "Ionica appeared

in 1891.

COTTERELL, George, journalist, b. Walsall, in the English Midlands, 1839. Studied law and practised for some years, but afterwards entered literature as a profession. For eight years he has been the editor of the "Yorkshire Daily Herald." Published "Poems: Old and New," 1894; also two privately printed volumes of verse, 1870, 1887. The "Banquet," a satire, appeared in 1884.

COURTHOPE, William John, b. Sussex, 1842. Educated at Harrow and New College, Oxford. Contributed to the Quarterly Review," and was one of the founders of the National Review." Appointed Civil Service Commissioner, 1887. At present Fellow of New College, Cambridge, and the most prominent candidate for the Chair of Poetry at Oxford, soon to be vacated by Prof. Palgrave. Author of "Ludibria Lunæ," 1869; The Paradise of Birds," 1870; Addison" in the "English Men of Letters," 1884. The first volume of his masterwork, A History of English Poetry,' has now (1895) appeared.

CRAIGMYLE, Elizabeth. "Poems and Translations," 1886 ; of Pansies." 1888.

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Published A Handful

CRAIK, Dinah Maria (Mulock), novelist, b. Stoke-upon-Trent, 1826; d. 1887. Married George Lillie Craik, Jr., 1865. Received a pension of £60 in consideration of her literary labors.

Published her first novel, "The Ogilvies," in her twenty-third year. "John Halifax, Gentleman, her best known work, appeared in 1856-57; "A Life for a Life," 1860. Collected her poems in a volume entitled "Thirty Years, being Poems New and Old," 1881.

CRANE, Walter, painter, b. Liverpool, 1845. Also a decorative designer and illustrator of books. President of the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, founded 1888. "The Sirens Three," a poem written and illustrated by himself, appeared in 1886. He is also the author of illustrated books for children.

CRAWFORD, Isabella Valancey, b. about 1857; d. Toronto, 1887. Published "Old Spooks's Pass; Malcolm's Katie, and other Poems," in 1884.

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CRAWFORD, Louise (Macartney). One of the active contributors to Chapman and Hall's "Metropolitan Magazine." Beginning about 1835, she published therein a series of Autobiographical Sketches," and also collaborated with Prof. F. Nicholls Crouch, the well-known composer, in the issue of several books of songs, she writing the words for his music. "Kathleen Mavourneen,' as given in this Anthology, appeared in "Echoes from the Lakes," the first of the series. It was subsequently elongated for dramatic representation, by three supplementary songs, in the same measure, of which "Dermot Astore" begins as

follows:

"Oh, Dermot Astore! between waking and sleeping I heard thy dear voice, and wept to its lay; Every pulse of my heart the sweet measure was keeping,

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Till Killarney's wild echoes had borne it away.” Ann CROSS, Mary Evans (Lewes), George Eliot," novelist, b. Kirk Hallam, Derbyshire, 1819; d. London, 1880. Educated at the village school and at a boarding school at Nuneaton. Became associate editor of the "Westminster Review," and meeting George Henry Lewes, she formed an alliance with him, although for legal reasons they could not marry. Mr. Lewes died in 1878, and she was married to J. W. Cross, 1880. Her first book of fiction was "Scenes from Clerical Life," written in 1856, and published under the pseudonym of George Eliot." Author also of "Adam Bede," 1859; "The Mill on the Floss," 1860; "Silas Marner," 1861; "Romola," 1863; “Felix Holt," 1866; "Middlemarch," 1871-72; Daniel Deronda," 1876. Of her poetry, "The Spanish Gypsy was published, 1868; 64 Agatha," 1869; The Legend of Jubal and other Poems," 1864. "How Lisa loved the King" appeared after her death.

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CURRIE, Mary Montgomerie (Lamb), Lady, b. 184-, known as "Violet Fane," eldest daughter of Savile Montgomery Lamb, of Beaufort, Sussex, and great-granddaughter of Archibald, Earl of Eglinton. Was married to Henry Sydenham Singleton, 1864; after his death in 1893, she became the wife of Si. Philin Currie, British ambassador to Turkey, and re

sides at present in Constantinople. Her first book of verse appeared in 1872. Since then she has published five volumes of poetry and a number of prose works. An eclectic edition of her Poems, in two volumes, appeared in 1892. CUSTANCE, Olive, b. Weston Park, Norwich, 1874. Daughter of Colonel Custance. Her work appears in the leading English periodicals.

DARLEY, George, critic and mathematician, b. Dublin, 1795; d. 1846. Took his B. A. at Trinity College, Dublin, 1820. Going to London, he wrote critical and other papers for the magazines, and finally, after a period of travel, went on the staff of the "Athenæum." At intervals, from the first, he produced highly lyrical dramas, children of the Elizabethan fantasy, born out of time. Of these the most noted and poetic is "Sylvia, or the May Queen,' 1827. Darley is well called by Mr. Ingram laureate of fairyland." To his songs and melodies given in this Anthology the following lyric may be added as a foil :

THE FALLEN STAR

A star is gone! a star is gone!
There is a blank in Heaven,

One of the cherub choir has done
His airy course this even.

He sat upon the orb of fire

That hung for ages there, And lent his music to the choir That haunts the nightly air.

But when his thousand years are passed,
With a cherubic sigh

He vanished with his car at last,
For even cherubs die!

Hear how his angel-brothers mourn -
The minstrels of the spheres —
Each chiming sadly in his turn
And dropping splendid tears.

The planetary sisters all

Join in the fatal song,

And weep this hapless brother's fall
Who sang with them so long.

But deepest of the choral band
The Lunar Spirit sings,

And with a bass according hand

Sweeps all her sullen strings.

From the deep chambers of the dome
Where sleepless Uriel lies,

His rude harmonic thunders come
Mingled with mighty sighs.

The thousand car-borne cherubim,
The wandering eleven,

All join to chant the dirge of him
Who fell just now from Heaven.

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Handful of Honeysuckle," 1878; "An Italian Garden," 1886; "Lyrics," 1891; and Retrospect," 1893. Has written, also, a novel and several prose essays, and translated the "Crowned Hippolytus" of Euripides.

DAVIDSON, John, b. Barrhead, Renfrewshire, 1857. Educated at the Highlanders Academy, Greenock, and Edinburgh University. His In a Music Hall and other Poems," appeared in 1891;"Fleet Street Eclogues," 1693; Ballads and Poems," 1895. In addition to these he has written several dramas in verse.

DAVIS, Thomas Osborn, b. Mallow, County Cork, 1814; d. Dublin, 1845. Was graduated from Trinity College, 1836. Intensely patriotic, he was one of the most effective contributors to the Nation," the revolutionary Irish journal established by Chas. Gavan Duffy in 1842. His poems and essays were collected after his death and published in Duffy's "Library of Ireland."

DAWSON, William James, clergyman, b. Towcester, Northamptonshire, 1854. Entered the Wesleyan ministry, 1875. In 1892 resigned from the Wesleyan ministry and entered the Congregational. Has been a successful historical lecturer. His "Arvalon, a first Poem," appeared in 1878; A Vision of Souls," 1884; and "Poems and Lyrics," 1893.

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DE TABLEY, Lord (John Byrne Leicester Warren), b. 1835. Took his degree at Christ Church College, Oxford, 1856. Called to the Bar, 1860. His early work appeared under the assumed name of " William P. Lancaster." Author of Eclogues and Monodramas," 1864; "Orestes," a drama in verse, 1867; "Rehearsals," 1870; "Searching the Net," 1873; "The Soldier of Fortune," 1876. After years of retirement as a poet, Lord De Tabley brought out his later" Poems," 1893, and a second series, 1894. Both these collections are distinguished for rare lyrical qualities, and have been warmly received by select lovers of poetry. D. 1895.

DE VERE, Aubrey Thomas, b. Curragh Chase, Limerick, 1814. Third son of Sir Aubrey de Vere Hunt. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He is the author of "The Waldenses; or the Fall of Rora," 1842; "The Search after Proserpine, Recollections of Greece and other Poems," 1843; and of a number of volumes of verse and two volumes of essays. A selection of his poems, edited by Prof. G. E. Woodbury, appeared in New York, 1894.

DICKENS, Charles. See page 710. DISRAELI, Benjamin. See Earl of Beaconsfield.

DIXON, Richard Watson, clergyman, b. London, 1833. Educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Pembroke College, Oxford. With Edward Burne-Jones, William Morris, and others, started the "Oxford and Cambridge Magazine as an advocate of PreRaphaelite ideas. Curate at Lambeth, 1868, and later vicar of Warksworth and honorary canon of Carlisle. Author of "Christ's Com

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DOBELL, Sydney Thompson, b. Cranbrook, Kent, 1824; d. 1874. Succeeded his father in the wine trade, but found time to produce several volumes of poetry, and a political pamphlet on reform in parliamentary elections. His first work, "The Roman," a dramatic poem, appeared 1850; followed by "Balder," 1854; Sonnets of the War," in which he collaborated with Alexander Smith, 1855; “England in Time of War," 1856. In early days he used the pen-name of "Sydney Yendys."

DOBSON, Henry Austin, Civil Service, b. Plymouth, 1840. Educated in Wales and on the Continent. In 1856 received a clerkship in the Board of Trade, and has since remained in official life. In the early seventies he attracted attention by novel and charming lyrics in light but thoroughly poetic vein; and upon the issue of his first collection, Vignettes in Rhyme, and Vers de Société," 1873, it was evident that a new and artistic master of "Society Verse " had arisen. From that time, advancing in both art and feeling, he has stood at the head of his own school. Is the foremost writer upon the mode of Queen Anne's time, and quite imbued with its atmosphere. Since 1873 has issued, in verse, Proverbs in Porcelain," 1877; "Old World Idyls," 1883; "At the Sign of the Lyre," 1885; "Ballade of Beau Brocade," 1892. All of these have been brought out in select and elegant editions, both in England and America. As a prose writer he has given us Lives of Hogarth, Fielding, Steele, and Goldsmith, and various critical works. Cp. "Victorian Poets," pp. 273, 473.

DODGSON, Charles Lutwidge, clergyman and scholar, b. about 1833; d. 1898. Popularly known by his pseudonym "Lewis Carroll. Educated at Christ Church, Oxford. Entered the Church, but became a lecturer on mathematics. His first story for children, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland." was published in 1865. Author also of "Phantasmagoria," a collection of poems and parodies, 1869; Through the Looking-Glass," 1872; "The Hunting of the Snark," 1876; "Doublets," 1879; and "Rhyme and Reason," 1883.

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DOMETT, Alfred, colonial statesman, b. Camberwell Grove, Surrey, 1811; d. London, 1887. Studied at St. John's College, Cambridge. Was called to the bar, 1841. Went to New Zealand in 1842, and remained there for thirty years, during which time he held important political offices. Published his first book of poems in 1833. Some of his verses, which appeared in "Blackwood's Magazine in 1837, attracted a great deal of attention. Rauolf and Amohia" was issued in 1872: and " Flotsam and Jetsam ; Rhymes Old and New," 1877. He was thought to be the Waring of Browning's poem by

that name,

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DOWDEN, Edward, critic, b. Cork, 1843 Was graduated with honors at Trinity College, Dublin. A divinity student for two years, and later, President of the Philosophical Society. At the age of twenty-four was appointed Professor of English Literature at Trinity. An accomplished student and editor of Shakespeare. His "Poems " appeared in 1877. "Studies in Literature," 1878, has been supplemented by a collection of more recent essays, "New Studies in Literature," 1895. One of the most important of his later works is the "Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley," in two volumes.

DOWLING, Bartholomew, b. Limerick, Ireland, 182-. Was clerk to the treasurer of the Corporation of Limerick. Resided for a time in the United States. Is known by his lyric, "The Brigade at Fontenoy," and by "The Řevel." The latter poem has been erroneously attributed to Alfred Domett.

DOWNING, Ellen Mary Patrick, b. Cork, 1828; d. 1869. In her youth contributed to the Nation," and was known as "Mary of the Nation."

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DOYLE, Sir Francis Hastings, barrister,b. Nunappleton, Yorkshire, 1810; d. 1888. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. Called to the bar, 1831. Held an appointment in the Customs, and was made Professor of Poetry at Oxford, 1867, occupying the chair for ten years. Published his first volume, 1840, selections from which were reprinted in "The Return of the Guards, and other Poems, ' 1866. His "Reminiscences" appeared in 1886.

DUFFERIN, Helen Selina (Sheridan), Lady, afterwards Lady Gifford, granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, b. 1807; d. 1867. Married Mr. Price Blackwood, who became Lord Duiferin in 1839, and died in 1841. She wrote many beautiful songs and lyrics. A posthumous collection of her poems, edited by her son, Lord Dufferin, has recently (1895) appeared.

DUFFY, Sir Charles Gavan, journalist, b. Cork, 1816. Editor and one of the founders of the "Nation." Joined the Irish Confederacy, a branch of the Young Ireland Party, in 1847. Went to Australia in 1856, where he held several important offices. Was knighted in 1877.

DUTT, Toru, b. Calcutta, 1856; d. Calcutta, 1877. In 1869, her father, a high-caste Hindu, took her with her sister Aru to Europe to study English and French. After visiting Italy and England she returned to her Indian home. in 1873. Her first book, "Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields," was published at Bhowanipore, 1876. The little volume of her poems.

Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan," with a memoir by Edmund Gosse, came out in 1882.

DUVAR, J. H.-See John Hunter-Duvar. ELMESTON, James, architect, b. Wapping, London, 1791; d. Homerton, 1867. A well-known writer of hymus. Published his

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