fellowship with FELIX GRUNDY. Let him no more call himself a Federalist, and friend to his country! He will be called by others infamous."

SUPPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT "REPROBATED."

In the Boston Centinel, Feb. 14, 1817, we find a long Federal address, which was written (probably by JOSIAH QUINCY) in reply to a Democratic Address of a previous date, and in answering a certain paragraph, this Federal Address proceeds to declare

"There is, however, one feature in this address at once 80 unprincipled, and so mischievous that it seems impossible for any man of the most common honesty or patriotism to notice it without reprobation. We allude to that part of it in which Massachusetts is called upon to relinquish her opposition to the General Government. Fellow citizens, (cotinues the Federal Address) in whatever point of view we consider this appeal (that is to desist in opposition to the General Government) whether as intended to influence the electors in Massachusetts, or as a faithful representation of the principles which govern our rulers, in the General Government, nothing can be more shameless or degrading!"

In 1817, the Boston Centinel's main objection to General DEARBORN, Democratic candidate for Governor of Massachusets was, that he was "a friend of THOMAS JEFFERSON."Boston Centinel, March 8, 1817.

THE FIRST PROPOSITION IN CONGRESS TO DISSOLVE THE UNION.

JOSIAH QUINCY, who was then on the Federal ticket for State Senator, and has never changed his politics to the present hour, but has of late been an ardent "Republican," made a speech in Congress, on the 14th of January, 1811, in which he declared that the purchase of Louisiana and admission of the State into the Union, would be a

"Virtual dissolution of the bonds of the Union rendering it the right of all, as it would become the duty of some, to prepare definitely for separation-amicably, if they might-forcibly if they must."-Hildreth's History U. S., Vol. 4, p. 226.

And to be more explicit Mr. Quincy reduced his threat to writing and sent it to the Clerk, whereupon Mr. POINDEXTER rose to his feet and declared it as the

"First time that on this floor a threat had been made to dissolve the Union,"

WHAT RHODE ISLAND DID FOR THE WAR.

"Rhode Island did actually order out and put upon duty an army of fifteen men, after having duly consulted on the matter with the Council of War'-Gov. MARTIN and CHRISTOPHER FOWLER, Eiq. It was not, however, thought, (in the language of the Governor) that this guard was capable of resisting an invading foe of any considerable magnitude.'"-See his Message, vol. 14, p. 169. Niles' Register, 1815, vol. 8, p. 39.

QUALIFICATIONS AND DISQUALIFICATIONS FOR

MEMBERS OF MASS. LEGISLATURE.

During the last War with Great Britain, Massachusetts took the following action:

1st. That a member of that body was not disqualified to hold his seat on account of having taken an oath not to bear arms, &c., against the enemy!

24. The House of Representatives resolved that a Reverned member of this body was disqualified to hold his seat therein, because he had been appointed a Chaplain in

the Army of the United States."-Niles' Register, 1815, vol. 8, p. 13.

A NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERACY.

On the 8th of October, 1814, a committee of the Massachusetts Legislature submitted a report by Mr. OTIS, chairman, in favor of calling a convention of the New England States with the end and object of forming a New England Confederacy. This measure passed and the Hartford Convention was its progney.

THE DEMOCRATS PROTEST.

On the 15th of the same month a protest was entered by thirteen Senators and by seventyfive members against this treason and insipient secession.

"Ambition has destroyed every other Republic on earth,"

say the Senate protestants. The House protest concludes as follows:

"The reasoning of the report is supported by the alarming assumption that the Constitution has failed in its objects, and the people of Massachusetts are absolved in their allegiance, and adopt another. In debate it has been reiterated that the Constitution is no longer to be respected just what is reiterated through the redical press and speeches to-day] and the resolution is not to be deprecated. The bond of our political union is thus attempted to be severed, and in a state of war and common danger, we are advised to the mad experiment of abandoning the combined energies of the nation might afford, for the selfish enjoyment of our present, though partial resources.The resolutions of the Legislature, it is to be feared, will be viewed by other States as productive of this consequence, that Massachusetts shall govern the Administration, or the Government shall not be administered în Massachusetts. [Precisely what South Carolina done in 1832 and 1861.] Jealousy and contention will ensue.The Constitution, hitherto respected as the character of national liberty and consecrated as the ark of our political safety, will be violated and destroyed, and in civil dissentions and convulsions, our independence will be annihilated, our country reduced to the condition of vanquished and tributary colonies, to a haughty and implacable foreign foe.-LEVI LINCOLN, JR., and seventy-five others." Niles Register, vol. 7, p. 155.

MASSACHUSETIS "SET UP" FOR HERSELF.

The same legislature that passed these resolves voted to raise an army for "state defence" of 10,000 strong, &c., and actually made all the necessary preparations to go out of the Union, as much so as South Carolina did in 1861, except the going. Massachusetts also appointed a "Board of War," and was thus preparing to become an independent nation.Niles' Ragister, vol. 7, p. 147.

GOV. STRONG ON THE BOARD OF WAR.

In Gov. STRONG's message to the legislature, dated the 16th of January, 1816, he refers to the resolve of the year previous, which required the "Board of War" to close accounts "of this commonwealth with the United States, and file the same in the Secretary's office," which was done.-Niles' Register, v. 9, p. 416.

FEDERALS TOAST THE HARTFORD CONVENTION

At a dinner in honor of Washington's birthday, in Philadelphia, Feb. 18, 1815, the following toast was drank:

"The Hartford Convention, the dignified apostles of the true political faith."--Niles Register, v. 8, p. 14.

MASSACHUSETTS

TRIES то KICK LOUISIANA OUT OF THE UNION.

In the Massachusetts Legislature, June 4, 1813, JOSIAH QUINCY submitted a lengthy report, as Chairman of the committee raised for that purpose, against permitting Louisiana to remain in the Union, and closed with a series of resolutions, which were adopted by the Federal majority, from which we copy the 3d,

"Rezolved, That the act passed the Sth day of April, 1812, entitled "an act for the admission of the State of Louisiana into the Union, and to extend the Laws of the United States to said State," is a violation of the constitu

tion of the United States; and that the Senators of this State in Congress, be instructed, and the representatives thereof requested, to use their utmost endeavors to obtain a repeal of the same."-[Niles' Register, vol. 4, p. 287.

TO REJOICE OVER OUR VICTORIES UNBECOMING A RELIGIOUS AND MORAL PEOPLE. On the 15th of the same month there was a proposition before the same legislature for a vote of thanks to JAMES LAWRENCE, com

mander of the United States ship Hornet, and the officers and crew of that ship, for their gallantry and bravery in the destruction of the British ship Peacock-that as similar resolutions have been passed "on similar occasions" for "like service" "have given great discontent to many of the good people of this commonwealth," &c., therefore

"Resolved, As the sense of the Senate of Massachusetts, that in a war like the present, waged without justifiable cause, and prosecuted in a manner which indicates that conquest and ambition are its real motives, it is not becoming a moral and religious people to express any ap probation of military or naval exploits!!" [See Niles Register, v. 4, p. 287.

The party that passed the foregoing resolution was called Federal then, Federal Republi

can in 1824; Whig in 1833; Republican in 1854; Union (?) in 1863! An unenviable consanguinity.

CHAPTER IV.

DISUNION OF EARLY GROWTH.

Early Clamors for a Northern Confederacy... the Pelham Publication...Crusade Against Slavery in 1796...Its Baseness and Untruthfulness exhibited by CAREY, in 1814... The Federal Argument to show that Dissolution was close at hand... Early Caricatures of the North to stimulate Sectional Hatred...Falsity of the Agitators' statements...Comparison of Northern and Southern support of Government... The odious comparisons continued...Republican papers and the President's Message ...Section arrayed against Section.

CLAMORS FOR A NORTHERN CONFEDERACY.

To show that the work of dissolution began, and the cry of a "Northern Confederacy" raised even under the Administration of WASHINGTON, we copy the following from Mr. CAREY's Olive Branch, published in 1814, and the extracts he brings forward from a treasonable secession work of that day, to prove his statements, to which work we refer the reader, pages 270-1-2-3, &c.

One fact will strike the reader with peculiar unction, at first sight-to-wit: the same species of appeal to local prejudices, and against slavery that has for years stirred up the fountains of our whole society to its dregs. It will prove that the present generation of Abolition agitators come honestly by their hatred of the South-that they inherited it from the old Federals, and even now, while the result of this factious spirit has reached, and now sits on the throne of power, the leading orators, presses and pulpits in that interest, breathe out their scoffs, their jeers and their hatred of the Constitution, the only bond of our Union. All who maintain that the "Union as it was and the Constitution as it is" should be respected by the powers that be, are stigmatized as "traitors," "copperheads," &c. So far as the writer hereof is concerned, he is willing to send down to remote posterity his honest purpose to sustain the Constitution, as the only means of saving the Union, to be read in future history as we now read the following to-day:

THE PELHAM CONSPIRACY.

"A Northern Confederacy has been the object for a num

ber of years. They (New England) have repeatedly advocated in public prints a seperation of the states, on account of a pretended discordance of views and interests of the different sections.

"This project of separation was formed shortly after the adoption of the Federal Constitution. Whether it was ventured before the public earlier than 1796, I know not. But of its promulgation in that year, there is the most indubitable evidence. A'most elaborate set of papers under the signature of PELHAM, was then published in the city of Hartford, in Connecticut, the joint production of men of the first talents and influence in the state. They appear in the Connecticut Courant, published by HUDSON & GOODWIN, two eminent printers, of, I believe, considerable long catalogue of grievances, which since that period have revolutionary standing. There were then none of the been fabricated to justify the recent attempts to dissolve

the Union. General WASHINGTON was President; JoHN ADAMS, an Eastern citizen, Vice President. There was no French influence-no Virginia dynasty-no embargo-no intercourse-no terrapin policy-no Democratic madness no war. In fine, every feature in the affairs of the country was precisely according to their fondest wishes.

"To sow discord, jealousy and hostility between the different sections of the Union, was the first and grand step in their career, in order to accomplish the favorite object of a separation of the states.

"In fact, without this efficient instrument, all their efforts would heve been utterly unavailing. It would have been impossible had the honest yeomanry of the Eastern States continued to regard their Southern fellow citizens as friends and brethren, having one common interest in the promotion of the general welfare, to make them instruments in the hands of those who intended to employ them to operate the unholy work of destroying the noble, the august, the splendid fabric of our Union, and unparalleled form of government.

"For eighteen years, therefore, the most unceasing endeavors have been used to poison the minds of the people of the Eastern States towards, and to alienate them from, their fellow citizens of the Southern States. The people of the latter section have been portrayed as demons incarnate, destitute of all the good qualities that dignify or adorn human nature-that acquire esteem or regardthat entitle to respect and veneration. Nothing can exceed the virulence of these caricatures, some of which would have suited the ferocious inhabitants of New Zealand, rather than a civilized or polished nation. To illustrate and remove all doubt on this subject, I subjoin an extract from Pelham's Eseays, No. 1."

THE NEGRO AS A PRETEXT.

"Negroes are in all respects except in regard to life and death, the cattle of the citizens of the Southern States. If they were good for food the probability is that even the power of destroying their lives would be enjoyed by their owners as fully as it is over the lives of their cattle. It cannot be that their laws prohibit their owners from kill. ing their slaves, because those slaves are human beings, or because it is a moral evil to destroy them. If that were the case how can they justify their being treated in all other respects like brutes? for it is in this point of view alone that negroes in the Southern States are considered in fact as different from cattle. They are bought and sold. They are fed or kept hungry. They are clothed or reduced to nakedness. They are beaten, turned out to the fury of the elements, and torn from their dearest connections, with as little remorse as if they were heasts of the field."

On the above, Mr. CAREY remarked in 1814:

"Never was there a more infamous or unfounded charicature than this. Never one more disgraceful to its author. It may not be amiss to state, and it greatly enhances the turpitude of the writer, that at the period when it was written, there were many slaves in Connecticut, who were subject to all the disadvantages that attended the Southern slavos."

Its vile character is further greatly aggravated by the consideration that a large portion of these very negroes and their ancestors had been purchased and sent from their homes, and families, by citizens of the Eastern States, who were actually, at that moment, and long afterwards, engaged in the slave trade. I add a few more extracts from PELHAM:

NO ONE BUT THE THOROUGHLY DEMOCRATIC" CAN HESITATE.

"We have reached a critical period in our political existence. The question must soon be decided whether we will continue a nation at the expense even of our Union, or sink with the present wars of difficulty with confusion and slavery. Many advantages were supposed to be secured, and many evils avoided, by an union of the States. I shall not deny that the supposition was well founded, but at the time these advantages, and these evils were magnified to a far greater size than either would be if the question was at this moment to be settled.

"The Northern States can subsist as a nation-a republic, without any connection with the Southern. It cannot be contested that if the Southern States were possessed of the same political ideas, our Union would be more close than separation, but when it becomes a serious question whether we shall give up our government or part with the States south of the Potomac, no man North of that river, whose heart is not thoroughly Democratic, can hesitate what decision to make.

"I shall, in the future papers, consider some of the great events, which will lead to a separation of the United States-show the importance of retaining their present Constitution, even at the expense of a separation-endeavor to prove the impossibility of a Union for any long period in future, both from the moral and political habits of the citizens of the Southern States, and finally examine carefully to see whether we have not already approached to the era when they must be divided."

And, Mr. CAREY comments:

"It is impossible for a man of intelligence and candor to read these extracts without feeling a decided conviction, that the writer and his friends were determined to use all their endeavors to dissolve the Union, and endanger civil war and its horrors, in order to promote their sectional views. This affords a complete clue to all the seditious proceedings that have occurred since that period. [Yea, and up to the present time-1863.] The increasing efforts to excite the public mind [continued ever since, in the slavery agitation] to that feverish state of discord, jealousy and exasperation, which was necessary to prepare it for consummation. The parties interested would, on a stage of a separate confederacy, perform the liveliest parts of kings and princes, Generals and Generalissimos, whereas on the grand scope of a general Union, embracing all the states, they are obliged to sustain characters of perhaps a second or third rate. Better to rule in hell than obey in heaven.”

"The unholy spirit that inspired the writer of this dissolution sentiment, has been from that hour to the present, incessantly employed to excite hostility between the dif ferent sections of the Union. [And we may add, has kept it up without abatement to this hour.] To such horrible lengths has this spirit been carried, that many paragraphs have occasionly appeared in the Boston papers, intended and well calculated to excite the negres of the Southern States to rise and massacre their masters. This will undoubtedly appear incredible to the reader. It is nevertheless sacredly true. It is a species of turpitude and baseness of which the world has produced few examples.

"Thus, some progress was made, but it was inconsider. able, while the yeomanry of the Eastern States were enriched by a beneficial commerce with the Southern, they did not feel disposed to quarrel with them, for their supposed want of a due degree of piety or morality.

THE PRESS AIDED DISSOLUTION.

"A deeper game was requisite to be played, or all the pains taken so far would have been wholly fruitless, and this was seduously undertaken. The Press literally groaned with efforts [as it has in our day] to prove five points wholly destitute of foundation;

"1st. That the Eastern States were supereminently commercial.

24. That the States south of the Susquehanna were wholly agricultural.

"3d. That there is a natural and inevitable hostility between commercial and agricultural States.

"4th. That this hostility has uniformly pervaded the whole Southern section of the Union; and

"That all the measures of Congress were dictated by this hostility, and were actually intended to ruin the com mercial, meaning the Eastern States.

"I do not assert that these miserable-these contemptible-these deceptious positions--were ever laid down in regular form as theses to argue upon; but 1 do aver that they formed the basis of three-fourths of all the essays, paragraphs, squibs and croakers that have appeared in the Boston papers against the administration for many years past. The Road to Ruin," ascribed to JOHN LOWELL, now before me, is remarkable for its virulence, its accri mony, its intemperence, and for the talent of the writer. He undoubtedly places his subject in the strongest point of light possible for such a subject. But if you extract from his essays the assumption of these positions, all the rest is a mere caput mortuum--all "sad and funny."-On these topics, the charges are many in endless succes

sion. The same observation will apply, and with equal force to hundreds and thousands of essays and paragraphs within the same topic.

"Never was the gutta non vi, sed saepe, cadendo more completely verified. These positions, however absurd, however evtravagant, however ridiculous they appear in their naked form, have, by dint of incessant repetition made such an impression upon the minds of a large portion of the people of the Eastern States, that they are as thoroughly convinced of their truth, as of any problem in

Euclid."

ABOLITION CHARICATURES.

To show that the charicatures by our North

The exports from the Southern states from 1791 to 1813, according to Mr NOURSE's report to Congress, shows that the Southern states exported nearly double that of the New England states:

Southern states, exports 22 years,.

$514,598,000

"The Rev. JEDEDIAH MORSE has in some degree devoted his geography to, and disgraced it by, the perpetuation of this vile prejudice. Almost every page that represents his own section of the Union is highly encomiastic. He colors with the flattering tints of a partial and enamored friend, but when once he passes the Susquehannah, what a hideous reverse. Almost everything is there a frightful charicature. Society is at a low and meloncholy obb, and all the sombre tints are employed in the description in order to elevate

by the contrast, his favorite elysium, the Eastern States. He dips his pen in gall, when he has to portray the manners, or habits, or religion of Virginia or Maryland, either of the Carolinas or Georgia, or the Western country.'

To the student of forty years ago the above might be pronounced a frightful and just criticism on the old Morse Geography. How perfectly in consonance with the maps of the Union that were circulated in 1856, one half

printed black, to caricature the people of that section, and to breed hostile rejoinders. How consistent, also, much that we have quoted in the foregoing voluminous extracts, stand forth as the same species of beligerant menace, and typical of desire for disunion, were the carry ing of flags and banners in 1856, with only fifteen stars thereon. Further comment on this point is unnecessary.

SECTIONAL PREJUDICES AROUSED.

It will be seen by the foregoing, that as of late, the Eastern states (the Federal, Republican, Abolition portions thereof) sought early to create prejudice and disunion-not on account of any adequate existing fact, but merely to array section against section, in order to stimulate hatred and discord, and accelerate their darling object-dissolution. As we have seen, the disunionists of the Eastern states were continually harping on their exclusive commercial interests-that they paid more than the Southern states for the support of Government, &c. As the Government was supported by revenue derived from customs, and to show how ill founded these early complaints were, and that disunion was the only motive that put them forth, we exhibit the following. Carey, in 1814, said:

Mr.

"The Southern section of the Union, which has been so cruelly, so wickedly, so unjustly villified and calumniated for its hostility to commerce, is actually more interested in its preservation than the Eastern states, in the proportion of five to three!"

FALSITY OF THE STATEMENTS EXHIBITED.

The writer then goes on to show that at that

Difference,........

$215,401,000

HOW THE NORTH AND SOUTH SUPPORT THE GOVERNMENT.

In fact. Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia, exported more than the whole Eastern States. Mr. NOURSE, Register of the Treasury, prepared a table, which he reported to Congress, showing the amount of duties paid by each State from 1791 to 1812, inclusive, from which it appears that the Southern, or slave States, paid duties,. New England States paid duties,...

.$55,660,000 57,033,000

THE ODIOUS COMPARISONS CONTINUED. Since that time, as we have shown elsewhere

in this work, the Southern States have paid immensely more duties than all the Northern or free States combined. We only allude to Northern Abolitionists were unfounded and these facts to show that the complaints of the frivalous, and only put forth as one of the "irritations" mentioned by WASHINGTON in his Farewell Address, to "widen the breach," and consummate dissolution. Indeed, this system of unjust comparisons has been continued by that class of politicians from the earliest days to the present. Even the President's late Message to Congress, though not ostensibly of this order of complaints, nevertheless, so presented the figures relative to the postal affairs, as to enable his partizans to renew the old "irritation," which they have generally improved. We have one instance before us. It is from the Milwaukee Sentinel of December 12, 1863:

"WHAT IT COST THE NORTH TO CARRY THE MAILS FOR THE SLAVE STATES.

"There is one statement contained in the President's Message so significant that it is worthy of brief comment. Speaking of the condition of the Post Office Department, he says:

"During the past fiscal year the financial condition of

the Post Office Department has been of increasing prosperity, and I am gratified in being able to state the receipts at the postal revenue have nearly equalled the enand the former to $11,160,169,08, leaving a deficiency of tire expenditures, the latter amounting to $11,314,000,84 $150,417,25. In the year immediately preceeding the rebellion the deficiency amounted to $5,656,705,49, the posta receipts of that year being $2,645,722.19 less than those of 1863. The decrease since 1860 in the annual amount of transportation has been only about 25 per cent.; but the annual expenditure on account of the same has been reduced 35 per cent. It is manifest, that the Post Office Department may become self-sustaining in a few years, even with the restoration of the whole service.""

"This quite clearly demonstrates what it has cost the free North to carry the mails for the slaveholding South. Before the rebellion, when mail arrangements were unin