house; trading for furs with the Indians and Half-breeds; living often on pemmican or such fish and game as could be procured; and visiting his patients on snow-shoes-often taking his pay in furs or buffalo-skinsOccasionally he took a trip to Montreal to sell his furs and buy supplies.

Observant and studious, he informed himself of the fauna and flora, the soil and climate, the attractions and capacities of the great lone land so soon. to become known to the world as the Canadian North-West. He perceived the value of the region for grain-growing and cattle-grazing, and lost no opportunity of sounding its praises in the ears of listeners, then none too willing, in Canadian cities. Having purchased the press and types of the Nor'-Wester, established by Ross and Buckingham, he also varied his occupations by writing items and articles for the little monthly sheet which was the precursor of the Winnipeg dailies of to-day. Loyal to what he deemed the best interests of the great territory which had so long been used for trading purposes by the then all-powerful Hudson's Bay Company, Schultz made himself obnoxious to the authorities of that great corporation. At their instance he was on one occasion, in 1868, consigned to prison as "a dangerous person," only to be released by an excited crowd of the inhabitants who battered in the jail walls and broke open its door. Out of this and other movements came the Canadian policy of acquiring the territory, the scheme for its purchase, and the first Riel Rebellion. In all these affairs Dr. Schultz took a most prominent part and was the acknowledged leader of the loyal element in the Colony-the British Canadian sympathisers.

On December 7, 1869, Schultz, with some forty-six other Canadians, was made prisoner, and the Doctor placed in solitary confinement by Riel's orders. For many weary weeks he was kept in a room without a fire, sleeping upon the floor with a single buffalo-skin for covering, watched by an armed guard and refused the sight of his invalid wife, for whom he prescribed from within his prison walls. But one night the guards were induced to watch outside instead of inside the prison door, when the doughty prisoner, whose only tools were a penknife and a gimblet, made an opening through the window fastenings and squeezed his body through, but in the attempt to let himself down the wall his strips of buffalo-skin gave way and

he fell twenty feet, injuring his thigh. Lamed as he was he had still to scale the wall outside, from whose top he threw himself into a friendly snow-drift. Then with painful steps he walked some miles, and by daybreak reached the house of a friendly settler, where he lay concealed, though sought after by Riel's emissaries far and near. After tremendous difficulty and a phenomenal journey of hundreds of miles through snow and ice and wilderness, he reached Canada and passed through Windsor, London, Toronto, Kingston and Montreal. At all these points and many others his reception was most stirring, for the people had learned by then of the indignities their countrymen had suffered as prisoners of the insurgents. For this intrepid stand in defence of the interests of Canada, Dr. Schultz was presented in various towns with addresses, a gold watch, a gold chain, a rifle nd other gifts. Indignation meetings were held, and at the one at Toronto, on April 6, when Dr. Schultz, Charles Mair, Dr. Lynch and Mr. Setter were present all refugees from Riel's violence-the Government was called upon to take action. Dr. Schultz returned to Winnipeg on the suppression of the Rebellion, and in the following year was elected as member for Lisgar in the Parliament of Canada, continuing to represent that constituency, with a short interval, until 1883, when he was appointed a senator of the Dominion.

Diligence in business had meantime brought him considerable wealth. He had been a successful trader, and had acquired land in Winnipeg and other parts of the country which rose enormously in value during the "boom." He had also been prominent in organizing the North-West Trading Co., the South Western Railway Co., the Great North Western Telegraph Co., and other enterprises in the Province. But his unstinted labours, carelessness of his health, and above all, the injuries and exposures suffered during his imprisonment and escape, had undermined his health, and for some years before his death he was an invalid.

In the senate, during several years, Dr. Schultz was indefatigable in pushing every matter in which his Province was concerned, though he never took action in a direction not beneficial to that unity of the Dominion and the Empire which he so greatly cherished. He was Chairman of a Senate Committee on North-West matters, in which his extensive knowledge of the

country proved most valuable. It was a cause of general approval when the Government on Dominion Day, 1888, appointed Senator Schultz LieutenantGovernor of the Province of Manitoba. The honour was indeed a fitting one. He continued in office until 1895, when he was succeeded by the Hon. J. C Patterson. In the birthday honours of 1894 he was given the title of K.C.M.G. by Her Majesty the Queen as a fitting recognition of his services to Canada and the Empire. He died in April, 1896, at Monterey, Mexico, whither he had gone with his devoted wife for the benefit of his health.

CHAPTER XXXII

LORD STRATHCONA.

The Rise of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal-Born at Forres, Scotland-Educated at Forres -His Uncle, John Stewart, a Great Fur-Trader-Donald Smith begins the Study of LawAccepts a Junior Clerkship in the Hudson's Bay Company-Reaches Canada at the Time of the War of 1837-Sir George Simpson Governor of the Northern Department of the Company-Sends Donald Smith to the Labrador Department-The Hard and Comfortless Journey-His Life at His New Post-Promotion After Many Years of HardshipsThe Rebellion of 1870 Tests Mr. Smith's Character-Appointed Commissioner to the North-West from the Dominion Government-His Commission-A Dangerous MissionHis Report to the Secretary of State-Mr. Smith's Work in Putting Down the RebellionAppointed Temporary Lieutenant-Governor of the Territory-Elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba-Elected to the Dominion Parliament for Selkirk-His Interest in the Canadian Pacific Railway-Deserts the Conservative Party-Out of Sympathy with the Mackenzie Railway Policy-Returns to the Conservative Party-The Canadian Pacific Railway Completed-His Generous Gifts to Montreal-Knighted-Elected to Parliament for Montreal West-His Interest in the Manitoba School Question-Appointed High Commissioner for Canada-Made a Peer of the Realm-In the House of Lords-The Strathcona's Horse-A Great Empire Builder.

T

HE career of Donald Alexander Smith, Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, gives a good illustration of the possibilities a new country affords for a man of ability, enterprise and dogged determination. His rise to influence and wealth, when it began, was rapid and kept pace with the country's prosperity; indeed, the two worked together. Donald Smith. more than any other man of business insight made Canada what she is to-day, and Canada has abundantly rewarded him for his enterprise on her behalf; and what he has received he gives back in no stinted measure, but with a generosity and wisdom without a parallel among English philanthropists.

Lord Strathcona was born August 6, 1820, at the little town of Forres, in Scotland, the town near which Macbeth met the witches on the "blasted heath." His mother was Barbara Stewart, a woman of more than ordinary