66 'By education," he wrote, "I mean not the mere acquisition of certain arts, or of certain branches of knowledge, but that instruction and discipline which qualify and dispose the subjects of it for their appropriate duties and appointments in life, as Christians, as persons in business, and also as members of the civil community in which they live. "A basis of educational structure adapted to this end should be as broad as the population of the country; and its loftiest elevation should equal the highest demands of the learned professions; adapting its graduation of schools to the wants of the several classes of the community, and to their respective employments or professions, the one rising above the other—the one conducting to the other; yet each complete in itself for the degree of education it imparts; a character of uniformity, as to fundamental principles, pervading the whole: the whole based upon the principles of Christianity, and uniting the combined influence and support of the government and the people. "The branches of knowledge which it is essential that all should understand, should be provided for all, and taught to all; should be brought within the reach of the most needy, and forced upon the attention of the most careless. The knowledge required for the scientific pursuit of mechanics, agriculture and commerce, must needs be provided to an extent corresponding with the demands and exigencies of the country; while, to a more limited extent, are needed facilities for acquiring the higher education of the learned professions." Towards the ideals laid down in this report he worked during the remainder of his life and those who now control the educational affairs of the Province are but building on the foundation laid by Dr. Ryerson. In 1848 he established the Journal of Education and for twenty-eight years continued to edit it, but, in 1876, the government, in its wisdom, saw fit to abolish the Chief Superintendent's office and re-organize the Education Department with a Minister of Education at its head. Dr. Ryerson then retired into private life, but he could not remain idle. He had, indeed, for twenty years been engaged on his exhaustive work, the History of the Loyalists of America and their Times, and he now set himself industriously to complete it, and in 1880 this celebrated book was published. He had now not long to live. "Gradually the weary wheels of life stood still," to quote the words of the editor of his Story of My Life," and at seven o'clock February 19, 1882, in the presence of his loved ones and dear friends gently and peacefully the spirit of Egerton Ryerson took its flight to be forever with the Lord." CHAPTER XVIII. LORD DURHAM. Lord Durham a Londoner-Educated at Eton School-Enters the Army-Shows Marked Ability on Public Questions—In the House of Commons-In the House of Lords-Lord Privy Seal in the Grey Administration-Appointed Minister to St. Petersburg-The Rebellion of 1837 in Canada-Lord Durham Chosen to Save the Situation-The Causes of Discontent in Upper Canada-The End of the Quixotic Rising Under Mackenzie-The President of the United States Forbids American Citizens to Aid the Canadian RebelsThe Causes of the Rebellion in Lower Canada-The Leaders in the Rebellion-The Conflict at St. Denis-The Death of Lieutenant Weir-The Cruel Slaughter of the Rebels of St. Eustache-The Bishop of Montreal Pathetically Sums Up the Results of the Rebellion-The English Government Takes Action-Earl of Durham Appointed to Clear up Matters in British North America-Proceeds to Canada with Considerable Pomp and Display-His Arrival at Quebec-Proves Himself Firm Yet Generous-Mr. Charles Buller's Good Work-Lord Durham's Treatment of the Rebels-His Action Disallowed by the Home Government-Indignantly Resigns Office-The Effects of the English Parliament's Action on the Canadian Situation-Lord Durham Returns to England Without Having Obtained Leave-His Conduct Investigated by the House-His Able Report on Canadian Affairs-His Early Death. T HE RIGHT HON. GEORGE LAMBTON, first Earl of Durham, although residing for but a few brief months in Canada, had as much to do with the making of the great Dominion as any other of her statesmen. He came to this country for a special purpose,—to clear up a difficult situation created by decades of jealousy and hatred; and although he was not to live to see the full fruits of his work with regard to the Canadas, his ideas were to prevail and the future of the country was to be built on the foundation of his celebrated Report. Lord Durham was a native of London, born in Berkeley Square, on April 12, 1792. He received his early education at Eton School, but when only seventeen years old entered the army and remained at military service for only one year,-probably the severe discipline was irksome to his haughty and insubordinate spirit. He early took an interest in public questions, and showed marked ability as a publicist, and was elected to the |