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France-probably of homesickness. Cartier was afraid to tell the truth, so he said that Donnacona was dead, but that the others had married grand ladies in France, and lived there in state like great lords. The Indians said little, but they probably disbelieved the story, for they showed themselves averse to further intercourse with the French and to their settlement among them.

Finding that this was the case at Stadacona, Cartier sailed some nine miles farther up the St. Lawrence to Cap Rouge, a reddish headland where the high bank of the river divides to let a little stream run out through a green, sheltered glade. Here the party landed, explored the wooded heights and the shady lea, picked up sparkling quartz crystals which they took for diamonds, found a slate quarry, some glittering yellow dust which to them was gold, but whch was probably sand mixed with mica, and slender, shining scales of the mica alone.

They rested from their toil in the August heat under the shade of the great forest trees and interlacing grape-vines, and decided to plant their colony on the heights of Cap Rouge. All were soon busily at work clearing the forest and sowing turnip seed, building forts and making roads; while Cartier, leaving Vicomte de Beaupré in command, went on with two boats to explore the river above Hochelaga. But the bright, flashing rapids he had seen from Mont Royal proved an impassable barrier, so he returned to Charlesbourg Royal, as they had grandly named the settlement, to find that there was no news yet of Roberval, and that the Indians still kept aloof.

Once deceived they would not trust the Frenchmen again. A cold, dreary winter followed, with justly estranged Indians around them, and bitter cold chilling their blood and depressing their spirits in this lonely and savage spot. And as soon as spring returned, the disheartened "colonists" hastened to set sail and return to France.

On their way back they passed a fleet of fifteen fishing vessels lying at anchor in the harbor of St. John's, Newfoundland, among which Cartier suddenly descried the long-expected ships of Roberval. Unforeseen obstacles had delayed him, and as he had supposed that by this time the colony was fully established, his surprise and anger were great when he found it on its way homeward. He ordered Cartier to turn back. He ordered Cartier to turn back. But Cartier seemed to

have had enough of the projected colony, and, under cover of the darkness, escaped with his vessels, leaving Roberval to pursue his way and found his colony alone.

Cartier had nothing this time to show, save his quartz diamonds, scales of mica and yellow dust. However, he reccived a patent of nobility for his discoveries, and seems to have settled down quietly in his little manor-house near St. Malo. Some say that he made a fourth voyage to Canada to bring back the luckless colonists of Roberval. He was, on the whole, a brave and gallant explorer, and his name must always be honored as the discoverer of Canada. Both name and fame would have been brighter but for the cruel act of treachery to his Indian friends, which so seriously interfered with the success of the attempted colony, and which was wiped out in after years only by some of the best blood of France. So true is it that

"The evil that men do lives after them."

Cartier seems to have acquired sufficient wealth to retire from the sea. He took up his abode at the seigniorial domain of Limoilou. In 1549 he was honored with the title of Sieur de Limoilou, and it is said that in the following year he was made a noble. In 1557 a plague visited the north of France and swept away many of the inhabitants, and among those who died was Jacques Cartier, the great discoverer of Canada.

CHAPTER IL

SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN.

By AGNES Maule MachaR.

Champlain a Favorite with the King-His Travels in the West Indies and Mexico-Chosen by De Chastes for an Expedition to Canada-Sails for the New World-Visits Quebec and Mont Royal-Learns of the Great Inland Seas-Returns to France-Sails for Acadia— Winters on the St. Croix-Sufferings of the Colony-Settles at Port Royal (Annapolis)— The Romantic Life of the Colony-Port Royal Abandoned-Champlain at Quebec-Builds a Wooden Fortress-Champlain Assists Indian Allies Against the Iroquois-Visits Lake Champlain and Lake George-A Fight with the Indians-Champlain Sails for FranceBack in Canada-Exploring the West-Wounded in Battle with the Iroquois-Descends the Lachine Rapids-Goes to France in the Colony's Interests-In Canada Once More-A Wild Goose Chase up the Ottawa-Journeys Through the Country of the Hurons-Spends the Winter in the Wilderness Near Kingston-Puts Forth His Energy to Build up New France-Brings His Wife to Canada-The Jesuit Fathers Reach Quebec-The Company of the "Hundred Associates" Formed-David Kirke Attacks the Colony-The English Flag Floats over Champlain's Fortress-Champlain Taken to London-Quebec Restored to the French-Champlain Dies on Christmas Day, 1635.

SAN

AMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN, the most picturesque of the early makers of Canada, was born at the sea-port town of Brouage on the Bay of Biscay in 1567.

By profession he was a naval officer, but had seen much service on land, and had fought with distinction for his king in Brittany.

When De Chastes, the good old Governor of Dieppe, went to court to beg from King Henry his patent of authority in Canada, he found there young Samuel de Champlain, a great favorite with the king on account of his brave deeds in Brittany. His adventurous spirit had already led him to make a hazardous voyage of discovery to the West Indies; and notwithstanding the determination of the jealous Spaniards to keep out foreigners on pain of death, he managed to visit Panama and the principal islands, and to penetrate as far as the city of Mexico. He brought back with him a journal of his travels, illustrated with colored sketches of his own, and this, with his

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