The passive resistance of the instructed, which is recognized as one of the causes of inefficiency in American high schools and colleges, begins to show itself in many cases long before the high school age. It is to American education what labor unrest is to the industrial world. It has the same cause-dissatisfaction with the conditions and results of labor. It has the same remedy-a real share in the planning of those aspects of the work which the worker is in touch with and can understand, and the belief that cooperation, not domination and exploitation, is the purpose of those who direct his efforts. Because those who have tried this "project method" testify that it does furnish this better atmosphere for school work, we believe it will prove a potent force for democcracy in our schools.-The Teachers' Voice.

SCHOOL TEACHERS.

The most useful public service is that of the school teacher.

That we as a public do not appreciate this is proven by the fact that we are underpaying them.

In many quarters we have allowed our public funds to become of such

low estate that teachers have gone for months without any pay at all.

There is not a private business or institution of any sort that does not regard the meeting of its pay roll as its first and most sacred obligation.

Many of the best teachers are being forced out of the schools through our failure to meet the economic inducements of other trades and professions. Recruits of the teaching profession are becoming alarmingly few.

It is well enough for us to talk of new and improved methods and reforms in our educational system, but the whole system, like in other institutions, is dependent upon the brains and personalities of those who comprise their human organizations.

Our first duty to our educational system is to keep what we now have

keep it by retaining the brains and personality of those who now comprise it, and by raising their pay.

And by this same act we will be recruiting more brains and personalities to enter the professions for future service, and a better system.

It may sound paradoxical, but the pay of teachers is one service in which we can afford extravagance.

The more the pay the more brains will be retained and recruited into the profession.

The more pay, the more the teacher can afford upon his or her training as a teacher.

Let us make education our national extravagance!

It is the one place where extravagance will be an investment.

All reforms begin with education.

The school teacher is the true, the basic reformer, and we can not overpay the school teacher, as a profession. as an institution!

It requires some imagination to see the economic wisdom of investment in public education; for the returns are not immediate-they come with the maturity of the child, when it takes its place in full citizenship but the returns are large, permanent and certain.-Indianapolis Times.

EDUCATORS' LOW PAY.

Figures from Harvard University show that many assistant instructors and some instructors are paid less than street car conductors and motormen, says an exchange. Consequently a campaign is being planned to increase the university's endowment, so an advance of 25 per cent in pay can be made. Harvard presents no isolated example of low pay to the teaching profession. Resignations from college faculties, including that of Indiana university, are attributed to the small salaries received. About a year ago the federal government issued a bulletin. showing the maximum and minimum pay of presidents, deans, professors, instructors and assistant instructors in American schools. The bulletin showed that the pay of an instructor at Indiana university ranges from

$700 to $1,600, while at Purdue university the instructors were paid from $1,000 to $1,500. The assistant instructor at Indiana drew from $100 to $500 a year, Purdue paying $500 to $900 for similar class of work. Rates

may have been increased since the government bulletin was issued, but they still remain ridiculously low. Instructors and assistant instructors at Harvard and elsewhere find that al

though they may have degrees and great learning they receive wages that

a farm laborer would scorn. Unless salaries of faithful and conscientious Some way is devised to increase the teachers throughout the country the teaching corps of the colleges and universities will be sadly depleted. Those ranked lower than assistant professors can not live on what they are getting now, yet they are an essential part of the college forces.

One of the most artistic high school annuals that have come to our office in some months is "The Patriot," issued by the Shields High School, Seymour. Supt. T. A. Mott and Principal Kate Andrews are special editorial contributors to the splendid volume.

Supt. A. H. Dixon, University Place, Nebr., has written six courses of lectures for Underwood & Underwood, N. Y., visualizing the evolution of freedom in American history.

E. L. Fisher, formerly superintendent at Freelandville, will have charge of the schools at Corydon this coming term.

The Indianapolis schools have this year a large increase in enrollment.

J. K. McCarter will have charge of the schools at Worthington again this year.

Supt. N. J. Lashar, Gas City, has issued his annual report in printed form.

The Gas City schools will open Monday, Sept. 8. The following corps of teachers has been selected: Supt. N. J. Lasher, Principal Jas. Burdette, Assistant Principal Bernice Heal, Ollie B. Owens, Hazel Callahan, H. C. Johnson, Lenora Pearman, Harriette De Fries, Gladys Deatherage, Edna Jackson, S. Alice Jay, Lula Edwards, Ernestine Wolfe, Juanita Whiteman, Margaret Leach, Edith De Wese, Esther Young, Edna George.

Mrs. Anna Clear, for many years a primary teacher in the Union City schools, has retired. Mrs. Clear had a long and honorable career as a teacher.

D. H. Brown, Miami county superintendent, was elected superintendent of the Peru schools to succeed E. B. Wetherow, who was appointed state high school inspector.

Miss Anna Kriege, superintendent at Grandview, has resigned to take a position in the northern part of the state.

John C. Clement, trustee of Luce township, Spencer county, has employed Prof. A. A. Smith, of Tennyson, to take charge of the four-year course in agriculture in Luce Township High School, at Lake, under the provisions of the Smith-Hughes law. David I. Day is principal of this school.

H. E. Chesser was recently re-elected superintendent at Chrisney.

The teaching force for the Valparaiso city schools for the current year is as follows: C. W. Boucher, Supt.; Helen Gregg

Fehrman, clerk. High school teachers-H. M. Jessee, principal; Minnie C. McIntyre, assistant principal; Helen M. Benny, Madaline Ashton, Frieda Aldinger, Bernice Reynolds, Olie S. Welty, Claude O. Pauley, Mae Meadows, Helen Jack. Central School -Department teachers: Mary Deegan, principal; Mabel Sower, training teacher; Fannie McIntyre, Margaret Rex, Grace Gay, Anna Kenny, Marjorie Keithline. Grades: Geneva Pierce-Schneider, Edna Forney, Freda Burns, Nellie White, Ida H. Jones. Gardner School: Margaret Beer, principal; Ella Vincent, Mary Coffey, Catherine Blaney, Clara Crosby, Bertha Sweet, Martha White, Pearl Miller, Vera Cole. Columbia School: Estella Diefenbach, principal; Mabel Herrick, Leora Freir, Alice Ward, Stella Bennett-Peck, Ada Sievers, Gretchen Marquardt, D. Alice Taylor. Special teachers: Ralph E. Schenck, manual training; Margaret Bartholomew, domestic science; Ella Brook, domestic art; Mrs. Mary Hemstock, kindergarten, Estella Benham, kindergarten; Juna N. Higbee, music.

The Dale schools have been turned back to the hands of F. B. Bockstahler, trustee of Carter township, Spencer county. Insufficient finances caused this action to be taken.

J. J. Early, formerly a successful Indiana superintendent, is now superintendent of schools at Sheridan, Wyoming.

Supt. E. J. Llewelyn, Newcastle, did Chautauqua work at Grand View, Rushville and Attica this summer.

Governor James P. Goodrich has reappointed Dean B. F. Moore, of the Muncie Normal, to the State Retirement Board, and he has appointed Supt. W. J. Yount, of Johnson county, to succeed Supt. Richard Park, of Sullivan county.

A new grade school will be erected at Garrett.

Principals in the various townships of Clinton county have been appointed as follows: Waldo Wood, Forest; W. W. Hart, Kirklin; Albert Moch, Madison; Arthur Bond, Michigan; J. J. Hufford, Ross; George S. Carmoch, Sugar Creek; W. L. Gwinn, Union; Lynn B. Thomas, Warren; Charles E. Jones, Johnson, and Miss Fay Terrell, Washington.

Six new teachers have been employed for the Wabash high school, as follows: Philip Magner, physics and chemistry; Rex Sims, manual training; E. E. Barnhart, commercial; T. R. Tewksberry, English and public speaking; Mary Louise Switzer, French; Elizabeth Searle, art supervisor.

38.

Gary is starting in on a vigorous night school campaign for the coming year.

HAMILTON, Ind.-The corps of teachers for 1919-1920 is as follows: Superintendent, Zellar Williner, Hamilton; principal, O. D. Kessler, Angola; music and art, Gonda Garis, Bryan, Ohio; English, Edith Honess, Angola; seventh and eighth grades, Sybella Lacy, Pleasant Lake; fifth and sixth grades, Olive Aldrich,_Hamilton; third and fourth grades, Letha Rozell, Angola; first and second grades, Orpha Gates, Hamilton.

Miss Belle Miltonberger has been elected principal of the Tipton Street School, Huntington.

Physical training has been revived in the Terre Haute schools.

E. L. Powell, of Macy, was elected superintendent of Miami county, to succeed D. H. Brown, who has taken the superintendency of the Peru schools.

The teachers' payroll in Ft. Wayne will amount to about $400,000 this year.

E. E. Myers, principal in the Huntington schools, has resigned to attend Chicago University.

JASPER.-The board of county commissioners, in session here, granted the request of all of the township trustees of Dubois county and of 670 resident freeholders and of seventy-six other taxpayers of the county, and allowed an addition of $600 annually to the present salary of the county superintendent of schools.

Miss R. Katharine Beeson, Lafayette, attended Columbia University this summer.

Mrs. Laura Larmore is the new member of the Anderson school board.

The music work of the townships in Wayne county has been consolidated for the coming year.

Kindergarten work will be emphasized and extended in the Lafayette schools this year, under the terms of the new kindergarten law.

The principals of the high schools in Porter county during this year will be as follows, as announced by Supt. F. H. Cole: Chesterton, F. M. Goldsborough; Hebron, M. E. Dinsmore; Kouts, H. C. Claussen; Liberty Center, C. H. Reider; Crisman, Dott Osborn Neff; Jackson Center, Allen J. Black; Wheeler, E. C. Sites; Boone Grove, F. P. Hickner; Washington, Dorothy DeWitt; Union Center, Trueman T.

Miller.

The Laporte school board has arranged a new schedule of pay for teachers in that city, says an exchange. Men teachers in the high school will receive $1,400 a year, and women teachers $1,200 and $1,100 a year. Grade teachers who have been there five years and who are class D teachers will receive $115 per month. A second group of grade teachers who have taught there less than five years will receive $105 per month. A few teachers who have not taught there will receive a salary based on the wage law for Indiana.

An addition to the school building is being completed. The addition contains an auditorium seating 600 people.

C. C. Updike, Westport, is the new principal at Milroy.

The giving of eighth grade diplomas has been abandoned in the Newcastle schools.

Supt. W. A. Denny, Anderson, was in Columbia this summer.

Eugene O'Brien, Bloomington, is the new superintendent at Monon.

TERRE HAUTE, Ind.-Changes in the Indiana State Normal School faculty for the coming term were announced recently. Thomas J. Breitweiser, assistant professor of educational psychology, will go to the Muncie Normal as professor of psychology and history of education and will act as dean of men there. Miss Telulah Robinson has been appointed acting professor of observation, methods and practice during the absence of Ernest L. Welborn.

The places of Miss Marian Cox, assistant professor of Romance languages, and Miss Ivah Rhyan, who will be absent six months. will be taken by supply teachers. Miss Florise Hunsucker will replace Miss Robinson. Miss Mabel Bonsall, teacher of mathematics, will be replaced by Walter Shriner. Josabel Ferguson will replace Ruby Duncan as bookkeeper and registrar.

Supt. H. M. Dixon, Tipton, attended Columbia this summer.

The school board at Oakland City has announced the following teachers for the coming school term: Superintendent, C. R. Maxam; principal, R. L. Steele: principal junior high school, Margaret Nice; assistant principal junior high school, J. W. Volker; domestic science, Clemma Wallace; Latin. Clara Melton; history, Evalena Cox; music and art, Marjorie Martin; grade teachers, Carrie Johns, Margaret Shanner, Adelia Pirkle, Naomi Lansford. Hazel Sampson and Madge Bryant.

Capt. Austin Landrith is the new superintendent at Chalmers.