execute such directions as he may receive for correcting the same, agreeably to the standards. (R. S. 2627.)

At ports to which surveyors only are appointed, the surveyor shall perform all the duties enjoined upon surveyors by the preceding section; and shall also receive and record the copies of all manifests transmitted to him by the collector; shall record all permits granted by the collector, distinguishing the gauge, weight, measure, and quality of goods specified therein; and shall take care that no goods be unladen or delivered from any ship or vessel without a proper permit for that purpose. (R. S. 2628.)

In case of the disability or death of a surveyor, the collector of the district may authorize some fit person to perform his duties and exercise his powers; and the powers of the person so authorized shall continue until a successor is duly appointed and ready to enter upon the execution of his office. (R. S. 2629.)

Every collector of the customs shall have authority, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to employ within his district such number of proper persons as deputy collectors of the customs as he shall deem necessary; and such deputies are declared to be officers of the customs. And in cases of occasional and necessary absence, or of sickness, any collector may exercise his powers and perform his duties by deputy, duly constituted under his hand and seal, and he shall be answerable for the acts of such deputy in the execution of such trust. (R. S. 2630.)

In case of the sickness or unavoidable absence of any collector or surveyor of customs from his office, he may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, authorize some officer or clerk under him to act in his place, and to discharge all the duties required by law of such collector or surveyor in his capacity as disbursing agent; and the official bond given by the principal of the office shall be held to cover and apply to the acts of the person appointed to act in his place in such cases. (R. S. 2631.)

Every comptroller of customs and surveyor, in cases of occasional and necessary absence, or of sickness, and not otherwise, may respectively exercise and perform his functions, powers, and duties by deputy, duly constituted under their hands and seals respectively, for whom, in the execution of their trust, they shall respectively be answerable. (R. S. 2632.)

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized, whenever in his opinion the public interest demands it, to clothe any deputy collector at a port other than the principal port of entry, with all the powers of his principal appertaining to official acts; and he may require such deputy to give bond to the United States, in such amount as the Secretary may prescribe, for the faithful discharge of his official duties. (R. S. 2633.)

The Secretary of the Treasury may, from time to time, except in cases otherwise provided, limit and fix the number and compensation of the clerks to be employed by any collector, naval officer, or surveyor, and may limit and fix the compensation of any deputy of any such collector, naval officer, or surveyor. (R. S. 2634.)

Every collector, comptroller of customs, and surveyor shall cause to be affixed, and constantly kept in some public and conspicuous place of his office, a fair table of the rates of fees and duties demand

able by law, and shall give a receipt for the fees received by him, specifying the particulars whenever required so to do; and for every failure so to do, he shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars, recoverable to the use of the informer. (R. S. 2635.)

Every officer of the customs who demands or receives any other or greater fee, compensation, or reward than is allowed by law, for performing any duty or service required from him by law, shall be liable to a penalty of two hundred dollars for each offense, recoverable to the use of the party aggrieved. (R. S. 2636. See Sept. 21, 1922, sec. 600, p. 500.)

Every collector, comptroller of customs, and surveyor shall keep accurate accounts of all fees and official emoluments received by him, and of all expenditures, specifying expenditures for rent, fuel, stationery, and clerk hire, and shall annually, within ten days after the thirtieth day of June, transmit the same, verified by oath, to the proper auditor, who shall annually lay an abstract of the same before Congress. Every collector, comptroller of customs, or surveyor who omits or neglects to keep such account, or to transmit the same so verified, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars. (R. S. 2639; July 31, 1894.)

Collectors, comptrollers of customs, and surveyors shall attend in person at the ports to which they are respectively appointed; and shall keep fair and true accounts and records of all their transactions, as officers of the customs, in such manner and form as may from time to time be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury; and shall at all times submit their books, papers, and accounts to the inspection of such persons as may be appointed for that purpose; and shall once in every month, or oftener if they shall be required, transmit their accounts for settlement to the officer or officers whose duty it shall be to make such settlement. And if any collector, comptroller of customs, or surveyor shall omit to keep fair and true accounts, or shall refuse to submit forthwith his books, papers, and accounts to inspection as required by law, or if any collector shall omit or refuse to render his accounts for settlement, for a term exceeding three months after the same shall have been required by the proper officer, the delinquent officer shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit. (R. S. 2640; Feb. 14, 1903, sec. 10.)

Every collector, comptroller of customs, and surveyor shall account to the Treasury for all his emoluments, and also for all the expenses incident to his office. Such accounts, as well of expenses as of emoluments, shall be rendered on oath, at such times and in such forms, and shall be supported by such proofs, as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. (R. S. 2641; Feb. 14, 1903, sec. 10.)

The services performed by occasional inspectors shall be particularly detailed in the accounts to be transmitted to the Treasury, and certified by the comptroller of customs or surveyor of the district, if there be any, as to the necessity for and performance of such services. (R. S. 2642.)

Every collector, comptroller of customs, and surveyor shall, together with his accounts of the expenses incident to his office, render a list of the clerks employed by him, stating the rate of compensa

tion allowed to each, and the duties which they severally perform; and also an account of the sums paid for stationery, official or contingent expenses, fuel, and office rent, stating the purposes for which the premises rented are applied. (R. S. 2643.)

The collector of customs of each of the districts on the northern, northeastern, and northwestern frontiers shall render, with his accounts of the expenses incident to his office, a list of the clerks and other officers of the customs employed by him, stating the rate of compensation allowed to each, the duties they severally perform, and also an account of the sums paid for stationery, fuel, and all other office expenses, including office rent; for all of which expenses he shall submit an estimate each month in advance, and shall state the purposes for which any premises are used; and shall also render an accurate account of all fees and commissions collected by him. (R. S. 2644.)

All accounts for salary, compensation, and emoluments shall be rendered quarterly, at the end of each quarter of the fiscal year. (R. S. 2645.)

All blank books, blanks, and stationery of every kind required by collectors and other officers of the customs shall, so soon as they can be prepared for delivery, by or under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury [or the Secretary of Commerce], be furnished to them for the use of their respective offices, upon requisition made by them, and the expense of such books, blanks, and stationery shall be paid out of the appropriation for defraying the expenses of collecting the revenue from customs. (R. S. 2646; Feb. 14, 1903, sec. 10.) Every collector of customs, every comptroller of customs, and every surveyor performing or having performed the duties of a collector, shall render a quarter-yearly account, under oath, to the Secretary of the Treasury, in such form as the Secretary shall prescribe, of all sums of money by each of them respectively received or collected for fines, penalties, or forfeitures, or for seizure of merchandise, or upon compromises made upon any seizure; or on account of suits instituted for frauds against the revenue laws; or for rent and storage of merchandise, which may be stored in the public storehouses, and for which a rent is paid beyond the rents paid by the collector or other such officer; or for custody of goods in bonded warehouses; and if from such accounting it shall appear that the money received in any one year by any collector, comptroller of customs, or surveyor, on account and for rents and storage, and for fees and emoluments, shall in the aggregate exceed the sum of two thousand dollars, such excess shall be paid by the collector, comptroller of customs, or surveyor, as the case may be, into the Treasury as public money. (R. S. 2647; Feb. 14, 1903, sec. 10.)

Collectors and surveyors of the collection districts on the northern, northeastern, and northwestern frontiers are authorized to keep on sale, at their several offices, blank manifests and clearances required for the business of their districts, and to charge the sum of ten cents, and no more, for each blank which shall be prepared and executed by them. (R. S. 2648.)

The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to prescribe uniform blank forms to be used in connection with the entry and clearance of merchandise. (Executive order, Mar. 3, 1913.)

The Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint a deputy collector of customs and other customs officers at ports and subports of entry in the several customs collection districts, and deputy collectors thus appointed shall have authority to receive entries, collect duties, and to perform any and all functions prescribed by law for collectors of customs, subject to such regulations and restrictions as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe: Provided, That whenever the Secretary of the Treasury shall appoint a deputy collector at a port of entry where there is no collector, he shall designate the collector through whom such deputy shall report, but the bond of such deputy shall run to the Government, and the deputy shall be financially responsible directly to the Government. (Feb. 6, 1907.)

Steamboat Inspection Service.

There shall be a supervising inspector general, who shall be appointed from time to time by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall be selected with reference to his fitness and ability to systematize and carry into effect all the provisions of law relating to the Steamboat Inspection Service, and who shall be entitled to a salary of $5,000 a year and his actual necessary traveling expenses while traveling on official business assigned him by competent authority, together with his actual and reasonable expenses for transportation of instruments, which shall be certified and sworn to under such instructions as shall be given by the Secretary of Commerce.

The Secretary of Commerce may appoint a deputy supervising inspector general, who shall be the chief clerk of the bureau and in the absence of the supervising inspector general have power to act in his stead, and who shall be entitled to a salary of $3,000 per year. (R. S. 4402; July 2, 1918.)

The supervising inspector general shall, under the direction of the Secretary of Commerce, superintend the administration of the steamboat-inspection laws, preside at the meetings of the board of supervising inspectors, receive all reports of inspectors, receive and examine all accounts of inspectors, report fully at stated periods to the Secretary of Commerce upon all matters pertaining to his official duties, and produce a correct and uniform administration of the inspection laws, rules, and regulations. (R. S. 4403; Feb. 14, 1903, secs. 4, 10.) There shall be eleven supervising inspectors, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Each of them shall be selected for his knowledge, skill, and practical experience in the uses of steam for navigation, and shall be a competent judge of the character and qualities of steam vessels and of all parts of the machinery employed in steaming. Each supervising inspector shall be entitled to a salary of $3,450 a year and his actual necessary traveling expenses while traveling on official business assigned him by competent authority, together with his actual and reasonable expenses for transportation of instruments, which shall be certified and sworn to under such instructions as shall be given by the Secretary of Commerce. (R. S. 4404; July 2, 1918.) The supervising inspectors and the Supervising Inspector General shall assemble as a board once in each year at the city of Washington, District of Columbia, on the third Wednesday in January, and

at such other times as the Secretary of Commerce shall prescribe, for joint consultation, and shall assign to each of the supervising inspectors the limits of territory within which he shall perform his duties. The board shall establish all necessary regulations required to carry out in the most effective manner the provisions of this Title [R. S. 4399-4500] and also regulations, prohibiting useless and unnecessary whistling, and such regulations, when approved by the Secretary of Commerce, shall have the force of law. The supervising inspector for the district embracing the Pacific coast shall not be under obligation to attend the meetings of the board oftener than once in two years; but when he does not attend such meeting he shall make his communications thereto, in the way of a report, in such manner as the board shall prescribe: Provided, That the Secretary of Commerce may at any time call in session, after reasonable public notice, a meeting of an executive committee, to be composed of the Supervising Inspector General and any two supervising inspectors, which committee, with the approval of the said Secretary, shall have power to alter, amend, add to, or repeal any of the rules and regulations made, with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce, by the board of supervising inspectors, either by virtue of this section or under any power granted by this Title, or any amendments thereof, such alteration, amendment, addition, or repeal, when approved by the said Secretary, to have the force of law and to continue in effect until thirty days after the adjournment of the next meeting of the board of supervising inspectors. The foregoing powers of such executive committee, acting with the said Secretary, shall also extend to the approval of the instruments, machines, and equipments referred to in section forty-four hundred and ninety-one of this Title. (R. S. 4405; Mar. 3, 1905; Feb. 8, 1907.)

The supervising inspectors shall see that the several boards of local inspectors within their respective districts execute their duties faithfully, promptly, and, as far as possible, uniformly in all places, by following out the provisions of this Title [R. S. 4399-4500] according to the true intent and meaning thereof; and they shall, as far as practicable, harmonize differences of opinion existing in different local boards. (R. S. 4408.)

The supervising inspector shall visit any collection district in which there is at any time no board of inspectors, and within which steam vessels are owned or employed. Each supervising inspector shall have full power in any such district, or in any district where, from distance or other cause, it is inconvenient to resort to the local board, to inspect any steam vessel and the boilers of such steamer, and to grant certificates of approval, and to do and perform all the duties imposed upon local boards. (R. S. 4409.)

Each supervising inspector shall report, in writing, at the end of each fiscal year to the Supervising Inspector General, the general business transacted in his district during the year, embracing all violations of the laws regulating vessels, and the action taken in relation to the same, all investigations and decisions by local inspectors, and all cases of appeal, and the result thereof. The board shall examine into all the acts of each supervising inspector and local board, and all complaints made against the same, in relation to the performance of their duties under the law, and the judgment of the board in each