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given to secure the satisfaction of the judgment. (R. S. 4474; Oct. 18, 1888.)

Provided further, That when crude petroleum of a flash point not less than one hundred and fifty degrees Fahrenheit, is carried in the double-bottom fuel tanks of steamers using the same for fuel, the crude petroleum carried in such tanks in excess of the necessities of the voyage may be discharged at terminal ports when no passengers are on board the ship. Crude petroleum carried and discharged under these conditions will not be considered stores or cargo within the contemplation of section forty-four hundred and seventy-two, Revised Statutes of the United States. (R. S. 4474; July 17, 1914.) All gunpowder, nitroglycerine, camphene, naphtha, benzine, benzole, coal oil, crude or refined petroleum, oil of vitriol, nitric or other chemical acids, oil or spirits of turpentine, friction matches, and all other articles of like character, when packed or put up for shipment, shall be securely packed and put up separately from each other and from all other articles; and the package, box, cask, or other vessel containing the same shall be distinctly marked on the outside, with the name or description of the article contained therein. (R. S. 4475.)

Every person who packs or puts up, or causes to be packed or put up for shipment, any gunpowder, nitroglycerine, camphene, naphtha, benzine, benzole, coal oil, crude or refined petroleum, oil of vitriol, nitric or other chemical acids, oil or spirits of turpentine, friction matches, or other articles of like character otherwise than as directed by the preceding section, or who knowingly ships or attempts to ship the same, or delivers the same to any such vessels as stores unless duly packed and marked, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding eighteen months, or both; one-half of the fine to go to the informer, and the articles to be liable to seizure and forfeiture. (R. S. 4476.)

It shall be unlawful to transport, carry, or convey, within the limits of the jurisdiction of the United States, any high explosive, such as, and including, dynamite, blasting caps, detonating fuzes, black powder, gunpowder, or other like explosive, on any vessel, car, or vehicle of any description operated in the transportation of passengers by a common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce, which vessel, car. or vehicle is carrying passengers for hire: Provided, That it shall be lawful to transport on any such vessel, car, or vehicle smokeless powder, primers, fuses, not including detonating fuzes, fireworks, or other similar explosives, and properly packed and marked samples of explosives for laboratory examination, not exceeding a net weight of one-half pound each, and not exceeding twenty samples at one time in a single vessel, car, or vehicle; but such explosives shall not be carried in that part of a vessel, car, or vehicle which is being used for the transportation of passengers for hire: Provided further, That it shall be lawful to transport on any such vessel, car, or vehicle small-arms ammunition in any quantity, and such fusees, torpedoes, rockets, or other signal devices as may be essential to promote safety in operation: And provided further, That nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the transportation of military or naval forces with

their accompanying munitions of war on passenger-equipment vessels, cars, or vehicles.

The words "detonating fuzes," as used in this section shall be interpreted to mean fuzes used in naval or military service to detonate the high-explosive bursting charges of projectiles, mines, bombs, or torpedoes. The word "fuzes" as used herein shall be interpreted to mean devices used in igniting the bursting charges of projectiles. The word "primers" as used herein shall be interpreted to mean devices used in igniting the propelling powder charges of ammunition. The word "fuses as used herein shall be interpreted to mean the slow-burning fuses used commercially and intended to convey fire to an explosive or combustible mass slowly or without danger to the person lighting. The word "fusees" as used herein shall be interpreted to mean the fusees ordinarily used on steamboats and railroads as night signals. (Sec. 232.)

The Interstate Commerce Commission shall formulate regulations for the safe transportation within the limits of the jurisdiction of the United States of explosives and other dangerous articles, including inflammable liquids, inflammable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, and poisonous substances, which shall be binding upon all common carriers engaged in interstate or foreign commerce which transport explosives or other dangerous articles by land or water, and upon all shippers making shipments of explosives or other dangerous articles via any common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce by land or water. Said commission, of its own motion, or upon application made by any interested party, may make changes or modifications in such regulations, made desirable by new information or altered conditions. Such regulations shall be in accord with the best-known practicable means for securing safety in transit, covering the packing, marking, loading, handling while in transit, and the precautions necessary to determine whether the material when offered is in proper condition to transport. Such regulations, as well as all changes or modifications thereof, shall, unless a shorter time is authorized by the commission, take effect ninety days after their formulation and publication by said commission and shall be in effect until reversed, set aside, or modified. In the execution of the provisions of this Act [Criminal Code, Mar. 4, 1909] the Interstate Commerce Commission may utilize the services of the bureau for the safe transportation of explosives and other dangerous articles, and may avail itself of the advice and assistance of any department, commission, or board of the Government, but no official or employee of the United States shall receive any additional compensation for such service except as now permitted by law. (Sec. 233.)

It shall be unlawful to transport, carry, or convey within the limits of the jurisdiction of the United States, liquid nitroglycerin, fulminate in bulk in dry condition, or other like explosive, on any vessel, car, or vehicle of any description operated in the transportation of passengers or property by land or water by a common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce. (Sec. 234.)

Every package containing explosives or other dangerous articles when presented to a common carrier for shipment shall have plainly marked on the outside thereof the contents thereof; and it shall

be unlawful for any person to deliver, or cause to be delivered, to any common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce by land or water, or to carry upon any vessel, car, or vehicle operated by any common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce by land or water any explosive, or other dangerous article, as specified in section 233 of this Act, under any false or deceptive marking, description, invoice, shipping order, or other declaration, or without informing the agent of such carrier in writing of the true character thereof, at or before the time such delivery or carriage is made. Whoever shall knowingly violate, or cause to be violated, any provision of this section, or of the three sections last preceding, or any regulation made by the Interstate Commerce Commission in pursuance thereof, shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than eighteen months, or both. (Sec. 235.)

When the death or bodily injury of any person results from the violation of any of the four sections last preceding, or any regulation made by the Interstate Commerce Commission in pursuance thereof, the person or persons who shall have so knowingly violated, or caused to be violated, such provision or regulation, shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (Mar. 4, 1909, sec. 236; Mar. 4, 1921.)

It shall not be lawful to transport, carry, or convey, ship, deliver on board, or cause to be delivered on board, the substance or article known or designated as nitroglycerin, or glynoin oil, nitroleum or blasting oil, or nitrated oil, or powder mixed with any such oil, or fiber saturated with any such article, or substance, upon or in any vessel or vehicle used or employed in transporting passengers by land or water between a place in any foreign country and a place within the limits of any State, Territory, or district of the United States, or between a place in one State, Territory, or district of the United States, and a place in any other State, Territory, or district thereof. (R. S. 4278.)

It shall not be lawful to ship, send, or forward any quantity of the substances or articles named in the preceding section, or to transport, convey, or carry the same by a vessel or vehicle of any description, upon land or water, between a place in a foreign country and a place within the United States, or between a place in one State, Territory, or district of the United States, and a place in any other State, Territory, or district thereof, unless the same shall be securely enclosed, deposited, or packed in a metallic vessel surrounded by plaster of Paris, or other material that will be nonexplosive when saturated with such oil or substance, and separate from all other substances, and the outside of the package containing the same be marked, printed, or labeled in a conspicuous manner with the words "Nitro-glycerine, dangerous." (R. S. 4279.)

The two preceding sections shall not be so construed as to prevent any State, Territory, district, city, or town within the United States from regulating or from prohibiting the traffic in or transportation of those substances, between persons or places lying or being within their respective territorial limits, or from prohibiting the introduction thereof into such limits, for sale, use, or consumption therein. (R. S. 4280.)

Carriage of Passengers.

The board of local inspectors shall state in every certificate of inspection granted to vessels carrying passengers, other than ferryboats, the number of passengers of each class that any such vessel has accommodation for and can carry with prudence and safety. They shall report their action to the supervising inspector of the district, who may at any time order the number of such passengers decreased, giving his reasons therefor in writing, and thereupon the board of local inspectors shall change the certificate of inspection of such vessel to conform with the decision of the supervising inspector. Whenever the allowance of passengers shall be increased by any board of local inspectors such increase shall be reported to the supervising inspector of the district, together with the reasons therefor, and such increase shall not become effective until the same has been approved in writing by the supervising inspector. (R. S. 4464; Feb. 14, 1917.)

It shall not be lawful to take on board of any vessel a greater number of passengers than is stated in the certificate of inspection, and for every violation of this provision the master or owner shall be liable to any person suing for the same to forfeit the amount of passage money and $10 for each passenger beyond the number allowed.

The master or owner of the vessel, or either or any of them, who shall knowingly violate this provision shall be liable to a fine of not more than $100 or imprisonment of not more than thirty days, or both. (R. S. 4465; Feb. 14, 1917, sec. 2.)

Any steam vessel engaged in the business of towing vessels, rafts of water craft of any kind, also steam vessels engaged in oyster dredging and planting, and fishing steamers engaged in food fishing on the Great Lakes and all other inland waters of the United States, and not carrying passengers, may be authorized and licensed by the supervising inspector of the district in which said steamer shall be employed to carry on board such number of persons, in addition to its crew, as the supervising inspector, in his judgment, shall deem necessary to carry on the legitimate business of such towing, oyster and fishing steamers, not exceeding, however, one person to every net ton of measurement of said steamer: Provided, however, That the person so allowed to be carried shall not be carried for hire. (July 9, 1886, sec. 1; Feb. 23, 1901.)

Every steam vessel licensed under the foregoing section shall carry and have on board, in accessible places, one life preserver for every person allowed to be carried, in addition to those provided for the crew of such vessel. (July 9, 1886, sec. 2; Feb. 23, 1901.)

If any passenger vessel engages in excursions, the board of local inspectors shall issue to such vessel a special permit, in writing, for the occasion, in which shall be stated the additional number of passengers that may be carried and the number and kind of lifesaving appliances that shall be provided for the safety of such additional passengers; and they shall also, in their discretion, limit the route and distance for such excursions: Provided, however, That the issuance of such special permit shall be reported by the board of local inspectors to the supervising inspector of the district, and such

special permit shall not be effective until approved by the said supervising inspector. (R. S. 4466; Feb. 14, 1917, sec. 3.)

The master of every passenger steamer shall keep a correct count of all the passengers received and delivered from day to day, which count shall be open to the inspection of the inspectors and officers of the customs at all times, and the aggregate number of passengers shall be furnished to inspectors as often as called for: Provided, however, That a correct list of passengers received and delivered from day to day shall be kept, instead of a correct count, by the masters of seagoing passenger steamers in the coastwise trade and by the masters of passenger steamers on the Great Lakes on routes exceeding three hundred miles: Provided, further, That nothing herein shall affect existing laws relative to vessels running between this country and foreign ports. (R. S. 4467; May 28, 1908, sec. 3.)

Every master of any passenger steamer who fails, through negligence or design, to keep a count or list of passengers as required by the preceding section shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars. (R. S. 4468; May 28, 1908, sec. 4.)]

The penalties imposed by sections forty-four hundred and sixtyfive and forty-four hundred and sixty-eight shall be a lien upon the vessel in each case; but a bond may, as provided in other cases, be given to secure the satisfaction of the judgment. (R. S. 4469.) Certificate of Inspection.

When the inspection of a steam vessel is completed and the inspectors approve the vessel and her equipment throughout, they shall make and subscribe a certificate, which certificate shall be verified by the oaths of the inspectors signing it, before the chief officer of the customs of the district or any other person competent by law to administer oaths. Such certificates shall be delivered to the master or owner of the vessel to which it relates, and one copy thereof shall be kept on file in the inspectors' office and one copy shall be delivered to the collector or other chief officer of the customs of the district in which such inspection has been made, who shall keep the same on file in his office. If the inspectors refuse to grant a certificate of approval they shall make a statement in writing and sign the same, giving the reasons for their disapproval. Upon such inspection and approval the inspectors shall also make and subscribe a temporary certificate, which shall set forth substantially the fact of such inspection and approval, and shall deliver the same to the master or owner of the vessel and shall keep a copy thereof on file in their office. The said temporary certificate shall be carried and exposed by vessels in the same manner as is provided in section forty-four hundred and twentythree for the regular certificate, and the form thereof and the period during which it is to be in force shall be as prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors, or the executive committee thereof, as provided in section forty-four hundred and five. And such temporary certificate, during such period and prior to the delivery to the master or owner of the regular certificate, shall take the place of and be a substitute for the regular certificate of inspection, as required by this section and by section forty-four hundred and twenty-six, and for the purposes of said sections. Such temporary certificate shall also be subject to revocation in the manner and under the conditions

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