FINAL HONOURS HISTORY.

FINAL PAPER.

Intra-mural and Extra-mural.

(Not more than six questions, not less than 4, are to be

attempted).

1. Write a note on Mr. Gladstone's finance from 1859 to 1865.

2. Discuss at some length either (a) Disraeli and Young England, or (b) the views and fortunes of the Peelites from 1851 to 1859.

3. "The noblest and most permanently useful of all the Irish agitators." What elements of truth are there in this estimate of the Young Ireland movement; and what modifications would you suggest to the statement?

4. Give, with some detail, a history of Gladstone's dealings with Irish land. Can he be said to be the founder of the present system?

5. "Peace with honour." To which transaction may that phrase be more fitly applied-the Geneva Arbitration, or the treaty of 1878?

6. "The great corrupter." Justify or condemn this estimate passed by Gladstone on Disraeli, from events between 1866 and 1896.

7. "It is improbable that the verdict of his contemporaries in respect to his conduct of the affairs of the Soudan will ever be reversed. That verdict has been distinctly unfavourable." Do you agree with this judgment by Lord Cromer? Give in detail the points at which Mr. Gladstone's Soudan policy seemed most at fault.

8. Trace the influence of Mr. Parnell, (1) on Irish party policy; (2) on British parliamentary practice, (3) on the mind of Mr. Gladstone. Is it fair to count him the greatest Irish politician of the century?

9. Write "a last chapter of the Whig party," giving the members who constituted the party, the policy they followed, and the forces which dissolved party and policy, from 1868 to 1886.

10. "Nineteenth century socialism in Britain was not a doctrine, but a political process." Annotate this epigram from English social history between 1848 and 1900.

PHILOSOPHY.

PRELIMINARY, INTERMEDIATE AND FINAL HONOURS.

1. What is the point of Kant's comparison of himself to Copernicus?

2. What are the three views of space and time which Kant rejects? Distinguish between the metaphysical and the transcendental expositions, and give a concise statement of both.

3. What are the main points in the deduction of the categories?

4. How does Kant solve the mathematical and the dynamical antinomies respectively?

5. Show how Kant is led to maintain that "unless the will can be determined purely by the form of law there is no higher faculty of desire." Criticize his doctrine.

6. How does Kant apply the idea of purpose to (a) aesthetics, (b) organized beings? Why does he regard that idea as merely a principle of human judgment?

PRELIMINARY, INTERMEDIATE AND FINAL HONOURS.

PHILOSOPHY.

Predecessors of Kant.

(Candidates should attempt six questions).

1. Show, in connection with his criticisms of efficient and final causes, what merits Bacon claimed for his theory of "forms."

2. Give a short critical account of Hobbes' theory of the origin and function of the State.

3. State and criticize the steps whereby Descartes arrived at his theory of the dualism of mind and matter.

4. Explain Spinoza's distinction of degrees of reality, showing how it is related to his theory of morality.

5. Examine Leibniz' distinction between the Realms of Nature and of Grace, and show its significance for his ethical theory.

6. Discuss the theory of innate ideas in connection with its treatment by Descartes, Leibniz and Locke, stating also your own conclusions in the matter.

7. "I know it is an opinion that the soul always thinks." Examine the psychological implications of Locke's criticism of this opinion and show the relation of Leibniz' theory of "little perceptions" to Locke's contentions.

8. "The set rules or established methods, wherein the mind we depend on excites in us the ideas of sense, are called the laws of nature" (Berkeley).

Explain this statement, showing its relation to Berkeley's thesis that 'esse' is 'percipi.'