I'EXEIRA, or TEXERA, PEDRO, a native of Peg gal, one of the earliest cultivators of modern Pers, an ture. The place and date of his birth and death are unknown. The author of the notice of his life t Biographie Universelle,' says that he was born in 177 but does not mention the authority on which he mak not been able to procure this work; but the following pas- Cotolendi, who translated Texeira's work into Fres states that his author, instigated by a vehement de pets become acquainted with the history of Persia, j several years in that country, and having made! perfectly master of the language, devoted himseif, lx advice of some able and enlightened Persians, to the e of Mirkhond. [See the account of this historian 1. article PERSIA, under the head Literature.] Texe self has informed us that being at Malacca, in the bugs. ning of 1600, he embarked in the month of May f Philippine Islands, whence he took shipping for Mon, 1, and ultimately arrived at Lisbon on the 20th Oct 1601. His correspondents in the East having failed . transmit to him some money which he had left rz charge, he was obliged to undertake a voyage to Gusta recover it. Disgusted with the sea, he resolved to retim overland; and having in pursuance of his determinat „a sailed from Goa, on the 9th of February, 1604, and arved at Basrah on the 6th of August (being detained some time at Ormuz), he travelled by way of Meshed-Ali to Bizk and thence to Anna, Aleppo, and Scanderoon, where took shipping for Venice. After a short stay in the he made the tour of Italy, crossed the Alps into Free, and then retired to Antwerp, where he spent his time in compiling a book, which he published in 1610. Ae that event we again lose sight of him entirely. Texeira died in the convent of the Jacobins at Paris, on the 29th or 30th of June, 1601. L'Etoile, who mentions his death, says, He had just returned from England, whither he had been sent by the king, who gave him a hundred crowns for the expenses of the journey. While there he had seen the king of England, to whom he pre-tonio de Leon Pinelo, was composed in Portugues sented his "Genealogy" which he had compiled, and which was well received. He was on the eve of returning to England when he was taken ill.' Texeira's frequent visits to England, both in the time of Elizabeth and James, gave rise to suspicions of his attachment to the Romish Church. For these there does not appear to have been any reasonable ground: he was opposed to the ultra-Romanist party of the League in France, because it was allied with Philip II., but his religious opinions never appear to have varied. His work, the first book of which, we are told by A-translated into Spanish, and the rest written in that a guage with a view to publication, is entitled, Relan* '* los Reyes de Persia y Ormuz: Viagi de la India Oneral hasta Italia por Tierra el año de 1604,' Antwerp, 1610. N. Antonio says it was published in 4to.; Antonio de Le that it was published in 8vo.) It consists of three " the first is a history of the kings of Persia, compiled a Mirkhond with a brief continuation, down to the age of compiler; the second is an abridgment of the hist Ormuz, by Turan-shah, one of the kings of that distr The published works of Texeira are-1, De Portugalliae work which appears to be known in Europe cry! = Ortu, Regni Initiis, denique de Rebus à Regibus univer- Texeira's abstract), also with a continuation; the A soque regno praeclare gestis Compendium,' Parisiis, 1582, an account of Texeira's overland journey from Inlan in 4to., 77 pp., very rare; 2, De Electionis Jure quod Europe. Alfonso Lasor translated the work into its competit viris Portugallensibus in augurandis suis Regibus and inserted it in his Orbe Universal the same yerin ac Principibus, Parisiis, 1590, 8vo.: this is a reprint which it was published; Schikhart, in his Tarich, ses of the answer to Nonius à Leone, printed and destroyed Regum Persiae,' published at Tübingen in 1628, 903 at Lyon in 1589: a third edition was published at Paris in in the highest terms of Texeira's learning and di 2. 1595, with the title, 'Speculum Tyrannidis Philippi, Regis Van Laet appended a Latin translation of Texena's ! Castillae, in usurpanda Portugallia; 3, Exegesis Genea-rary from Ormuz to Basrah and Bagdad to his Pa logica, sive Explicatio Arboris Gentilitiae invictissimi ac published at Leyden in 1633; Cotolendi pub'ist potentissimi Galliarum regis Henrici ejus nominis IV.' This French translation of the entire book at Paris in! work was published at Tours in 1590; at Leyden, with ad- which the writer in the Biographie Universe', ditions, in 1532; again at Leyden in 1617, with the title, characterises as assez mauvaise. In short, down Stemmata Franciae item Navarrae Regum à prima utri- time of Tavernier and Chardin, Texeira appears to br usque Gentis Origine; all the three editions are in 4to.; been regarded as the principal authority respecting Pa 4, Explicatio Genealogiae Henrici II., Condeae Principis,' The historical part of his work is now of little imports Paris, 1596. An edition in 4to., and another in 8vo., and but his voyage up the Persian Gulf, and his rue = a translation into French by Jean de Montlyard, all ap- Basrah to Meshed-Ali, Bagdad, Anna, Aleppo, and Sc peared in the same year. To the edition of 1598 was ap- deroon, may still be studied with advantage. pended Narratio in qua tractatur de Apparitione, Abjurafione, Conversione, et Synaxi Illustrissimae Principis Charlottae Catharinae Timolliae, Principissae Condeae; 5, De Flammula, seu Vexillo S. Dionysii, vel de Orimphla aut Auriflamma Tractatus,' Paris, 1598, 8vo. ; 6, Adventure admirable par devers toutes autres des Siècles passés et présents, qui contient un Discours touchant les Succès du Roi de Portugal, D. Sebastian, depuis son voyage d'Afrique, auquel il se perdit en la bataille qu'il eut contre les Infideles en 1578, jusqu'au 6 de Janvier présent, an 1601; traduit du Castillan, Paris, 8vo. (This sketch has been compiled from the dictionaries of Bayle and Moreri, and Nicolaus Antonius; from the Prefaces to Texeira's Genealogy of Henri IV.,' and his Reply to Nonius à Leone; and from Pierre de l'Etoile's Journal of the Reign of Henri IV., vol. ii., pp. 559-61, and vol. iii., pp. 191-6, edition published at the Hague in 1761, in 4 vols. 8vo.) Antonio and Leon Pinelo mention a book entitled Me fragio de Jorge Albuquerque e Prosopopeia a seu ! published at Lisbon in 1601, by a Peter Texeira, not identify him with our author. A Certificacion Discubrimiento de el Marañon,' by a Pedro Texa% Capitan Maior del Para,' is appended to the a the discovery of that river, published at Madrid r by Christoval de Acuña: this was apparently a di person. A third geographer of the name of Polo Ta is mentioned by Antonio as alive at Madrid a fey) ↑ previous to the publication of his dictionary (1672)) one compiled a map of Portugal and a Descrip la Costa de España, neither of which appear to have published. (Voyages de Tereira, ou l'Histoire des R traduite d'Espagnole en Française, à Paris, les, Epitome de la Bibliotheca Oriental y Ocer lenti, A y Geografica, de Don Antonio de Leon Pinclɔ, en Man 1 1739, fol.; Bibliotheca Hispana Nova, Auctore D. Nicolao might commit. At last, in the year 1517, Luther openly opposed him, in the celebrated theses which he fixed on the church-door of Wittemberg. Tezel made a reply in another set of theses, which however were immediately burnt by the students in the market-place of Wittemberg. Tezel seems to have acted contrary to the intention of his superiors, and to have gone beyond his instructions, for Karl von Miltitz, who was sent by the pope to settle the disputes which had arisen out of his conduct, repri manded him severely. In the year 1518 however Tezel, notwithstanding all this, obtained the degree of Doctor of Divinity at Frankfurt on the Oder. After this event, he returned to Leipzig to his convent, where he died, in August, 1519, of the plague, shortly after the celebrated theological disputation of Eck and Karlstadt. He was buried in the church of his convent (the present chapel of the university); but there is now no trace of his grave, as that part of the church which contained his remains was pulled down in the seventeenth century to make room for some fortifications. [LUTHER.] Compare P. Melanchthonius, Historia Vitae M. Lutheri, i., p. 153, &c.; Gieseler, Lehrbuch der neuern Kirchengeschichte, vol. iii., p. 20; Löscher, Vollständige Reformations-Acta, ii., p. 324; and more especially Hechtius, Vita Tezelii. THAARUP, THOMAS, a Danish poet and dramatist, highly esteemed by his countrymen as one of the classics in their literature, was the son of an ironmonger at Copenhagen. He was born 21st August, 1749, the very same day as Edward Storm, another poet. This coincidence would hardly deserve notice, if something of the marvel(Hassel, Geography; Stein's Lexicon; Cannabich, Geo-lous had not been founded upon it, it being said that graphy.) Thaarup's mother dreamed that the wife of a clergyman at TEXTILIA, Mr. Swainson's name for a subgenus of Guldbrandsdalen was delivered just at the same time of a TEXTULARIA. [FORAMINIFERA, vol. x., p. 348.] son, who would be the rival of her own. If not great, both of them were popular and national poets; and though neither very numerous nor of very great extent, their productions, especially their lyric pieces, earned for them a reputation which does not always fall to the lot of writers of more ambition and of higher pretension. This was more particularly the case with regard to Thaarup, whose three little musical dramas, Höst gildet,' Peters Bryllup,' and Hiemkomsten,' are esteemed chefs-d'oeuvre of their kind, and the songs and airs were known by heart by every one, and repeated all over Denmark. Their celebrity was not at all less than that of the Beggars' Opera' in this country. After the death of Storm [SCANDINAVIAN LITE RATURE, p. 3], Thaarup succeeded him as one of the directors of the theatre at Copenhagen, in which situation he remained till 1800. But though he survived Storm a full quarter of a century, Thaarup's literary life did not extend much beyond that of Storm. If he did not en tirely lay aside his pen at the commencement of the present century, all the productions by which he will be remembered had appeared in the preceding one. continued to reside at Copenhagen, where he died in the summer of 1821. Some of his hymns have been trans TEZEL, or TÉTZEL, JOHANN, a Dominican monk, who lived about the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century. His name would have been forgotten but for the scandalous manner in which he carried on the traffic in indulgences, which roused the indignation of the better part of his contemporaries, and thus led to the reformation in Germany. He was a native of Leipzig, where he studied theology, and afterwards entered the order of the Dominicans in the Pauliner Kloster. In the year 1502 the pope appointed him preacher of indulgences for Germany. He converted this office into a most lucrative traffic, and is said to have made use of the basest means for the purpose of obtaining money. His conduct too was so bad, that he was condemned at Inspruck to be sewed up in a sack and to be drowned, having been convicted of adultery. But the interference of his superiors caused the sentence to be changed into imprisonment for life. He was accordingly conveyed to Leipzig, and confined in a tower which stood in that city near the Grimma-lated into German by Voss. rate (Grimmaer-Thor) until the year 1834, when it was palled down. He had however not been imprisoned long before he was set at liberty at the request of Albert, archbishop of Mainz, and other ecclesiastical dignitaries. Tezel now made a pilgrimage to Rome, and acted the part of a penitent so well, that Pope Leo X. not only abolved him of his sins, but appointed him commissarius apostolicus in Germany, in addition to which the archbishop of Mainz made him inquisitor haereticae pravitatis. In his capacity of papal commissary he now carried on his traffic in indulgences more impudently than ever. He traversed Saxony in an open carriage, accompanied by ttendants, and carrying with him two chests, one of which contained the indulgences, and the other the money raised from their sale. This latter chest is said to have had the ollowing inscription :— 6 Sobald das geld im kasten klingt, His reputation for sanctity had become so great, that in everal places the population of towns met him in solemn procession, and his entry was accompanied with the ringag of the church-bells. He sold indulgences for all mes, murder, perjury, adultery, and not only for crimes ready committed, but also for those which a person P. C., No. 1522. He (Skilderic af Kiöbenhavn, 1821; Neue Bibliothek der Schönenwissenchaften, vol. lv.) THA'BET BEŇ KORRAH, an eminent physician, philosopher, and geometrician, whose complete names, as given by Ibn Abi 'Ossaibiah (Fontes Relationum de Classibus Medicorum, cap. 10, § 3), were Abú 'l-Hasan Thabet Ben Korrah. He was born at Harrán in Mesopotamia, A.H. 221 (A.D. 835-6), where he at first carried on the business of a money-changer; he afterwards however went to Bagdad to pursue his studies, which he carried on with so much zeal, that he became one of the most celebrated literary and scientific men of his age. He belonged to the sect of the Sabians, but got entangled in some religious disputes, and was expelled from their communion. In consequence of this he left Harrán, where he had been residing for some time, and went to Bagdad with the celebrated astronomer Mohammed Ben Músa. There he lived in his house, and was introduced by him to Mo'tadhed Billah, sixteenth of the 'Abbaside Khalifs (A.H. 279-289, A.D. 892-902), who appointed him one of his astrologers, and ever afterwards, on account of his acquirements and his pleasing manners, continued on terms of great intimacy with him. He died on the 26th of Safar, A.H. 288 (February 18, A.D. 901), aged sixty-seven lunar, or sixty-five solar years. His sons Senán and Ibrahim, and their descendants, practised physic with much reputation at Bag. VOL. XXIV.-2 N 3. Stemmaspis. Onto. These, besides the bristle-like processes of the Echiuri, havs under their anterior part a signtly corneous disk surrounded with cilia. dad for more than a century after his death. Thábet himself | bottoms on the French coasts, where the fishermen use it appears to have been a very learned man, and also a good as a bait. It is also found on the casts of Europe genepractical physician, as he tells a story of the way in which rally, and is said to form part of the food of the cod-fish. he restored to life a man that was supposed to be dead. (Casiri, Biblioth. Arabico-Hisp. Escur., tom. i., p. 389.) He was also a very voluminous author, as the bare titles of his works, as given by the anonymous author of the Arabica Philosophorum Bibliotheca,' take up about two folio pages in Casiri's Catalogue. They consist of mathematical, medical, and zoological treatises, written in Arabic, besides translations into that language of several of the works of Galen, Ptolemy, Autolycus, Euclid, &c. He wrote also several in Syriac, on the religious rites and ceremonies of the Sabians; but none either of these or of his Arabic works have (as far as the writer is aware) been published or translated, though several of them still exist in manu script in some of the European libraries. (Wüstenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte; Casiri, loco cit.; Nicoll and Pusey, Catal. MSS. Arab. Biblioth. Bodl., pp. 257, 295; De Rossi, Dizion. Stor. degli Autori Arabi.) THA'BET BEN SENA'N, the grandson of the preceding, whose names are given by Ibn Abi 'Ossaibiah (Fontes Relationum de Classibus Medicorum, cap. 10, §5) as Abú l-Hasan Thabet Ben Senán Ben Thabet Ben Korrah. He was celebrated, like the other members of his family, as a physician, philosopher, and mathematician, and was superintendant of the hospital at Bagdad during the reign of Al- Motteia, the twenty-third of the 'Abbaside Khalifs, A.H. 334-363 (a.d. 946-974.) He expounded the writings of Hippocrates and Galen; but his principal work appears to have been a History of his Own Times, from the year A.H. 290 (A.D. 903) to the year of his own death, A.H. 363 (A.D. 973-4), which is highly praised by Abú 1-Faraj (Hist. Compend. Dynast., p. 208), and was continued after his death by his nephew Helál, and by other writers. Dr. Sprenger, in the notes to his translation of El-Mas'udi's Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems,' vol. i., | p. 24, Lond., 8vo., 1841, corrects an anachronism of Haji Khalfa, who ascribes this work to his grandfather Thabet Ben Korrah. (Wüstenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte; Assemani, Bibioth. Orient., vol. ii., p. 317.) THALAMITA. [PORTUNIDA, vol. xviii., p. 446.] THALAMUS (from 9aλapos, the bridal chamber), a botanical term which was applied by Linnæus to the calyx or outer whorl of floral envelopes. Tournefort applied the term to a receptacle that is not fleshy, but surrounded by an involucre. In this sense it is used in common with the terms Clinanthium and Phoranthium. By some writers, as De Candolle, the term is applied to the receptacle of all plants or that point of the rachis or stem around which the floral envelopes are seated. Thus those plants in which the petals and stamens are inserted into the receptacle constitute the first subclass, Thalamifloræ, of the Exogens, in De Candolle's natural arrangement of plants. Thalamus is also used in Cryptogamic botany, in common with Thallus, to express the bed of fibres from which many fungi spring up. It is also improperly used by some writers to indicate the shields or apothecia of lichens. In fact it is a term that has been applied in so many cases where others are used, that it is desirable it should be Altogether dispensed with, or only used in a very obvious SEMA. Example, Sternaspis thalassem: Ls, Otto, Monog. N.B. Cuvier states that a new examination of the anatomy of the Thalassemæ had demonstrated to him that the place which he had assigned to them was the true one. THALA'SSEUS, Bole's name for one of the TERNS. THALASSIANTHUS, M. Räppel's name for a genus of Actinidæ, familiarly known as animal-flowers, with ramified tentacula. [ACTINIA; ZOANTHARIA.] THALASSI'DROMA. [PETRELS, vol. xviii., p. 43.] THALASSI'NA. [THALASSINIANS.] N.B.-The student should be careful not to confound the crustaceous genus Thalassina with the echinodermatous THALASTHALASSINIANS. The resus Thalassina of Latreille consists of those macrarocs cecapods which have the four anterior feet terminated by two fingers; the foliations of the lateral fins of the end of the tail narrow and elongated, without ridges; and the last segment of the tail, or the intermediate piece, in the form of an elongated triangle. Sometimes the four anterior feet, or the two first feet and one of the second, are terminated by two elongated fingers, forming a claw perfectly. The two anterior feet are the longest; the lateral foliations of the fin terminating the tail are in the form of a reversed triangle, or widest at the posterior border; the intermediate pièce, on the con trary, narrows from the base to the termination, and ends in a point. M. Milne Edwards arranges the family of Thalassinians, or Burrowing Macrura, between the Scyllarians and the Astacians. The Crustacea of which this small but interesting family are composed resemble each other in appearance, and are remarkable for the extreme elongation of their abdomen and the small degree of consistence of their integuments. Family Character.-Carapace small, and very much compressed laterally; terminated, generally, in front by a very short rostrum, but sometimes entirely without one. Eyes ordinarily very small. Internal antennæ terminated by two multi-articulate filaments; the external ones inserted externally and a little below the first; their peduncle slender, cylindrical, and without a spinimiform lamina, carries at most only one very small moveable spine, which represents that appendage. Disposition of the parts of the mouth variable. Sternum nearly linear throughout its length, and not constituting a plastron. Anterior feet large, more or less completely didactylous and triangular; the next pair raised on each side of the thorax. Abdomen very long, and, in general, very narrow; rather depressed vertically than compressed laterally; the lateral borders of the dorsal arch of its various rings are but little prolonged, and do not incase the base of the false feet as in the SHRIMPS, nor does the abdomen itself diminish much in size towards its posterior part. The structure of its appendages varies. The disposition of the respiratory apparatus varies also; sometimes it only exists, as it ordinarily does in the Decapods, as thoracic branchiæ, enclosed under the carapace in special cavities; sometimes, on the contrary, there are, besides those thoracic branchia, accesand affixed to the false feet. Upon this important difference, M. Milne Edwards, who is the author of the character given above, founds his division of the family into two tribes, the Cryptobranchids and the Gastrobranchids. 1. Cryptobranchids. THALAʼSSEMA, Cuvier's name for a genus of footless Echinoderms (Echinodermes sans pieds), placed by him immediately after BONELLIA, and thus defined by him:-sory branchial appendages suspended under the abdomen Body oval or oblong, with the proboscis in form of a reflected lamina or spoon, but not forked. The intestinal canal is similar to that of Bonellia. But one abdominal filament had been discovered. The genus is divided by Cuvier into the following sections or subgenera : 1. The Thalassemæ properly so called. These have only two hooks placed very forward, and their posterior extremity has no bristle-like processes (soies). Example, Thalassema Neptuni, Lumbricus Thalassema of Pallas, Spicil. Zool., fasc. x., tab. 1, fig. 6. 2. The Echiuri, whose posterior extremity is furnished with some transversal rows of bristle-like processes. Example, Echiurus Lumbricus, Lumbricus Echiurus, Gm.,-Pall., Miscell. Zool., xi. 1-6. Common on sandy Under this group M. Milne Edwards arranges all the Thalassinians which are without respiratory appendages suspended under the abdomen. Their branchue are in general composed of cylinders, united after the manner of a brush. All the species whose habits are known live an the sand, in which they burrow deeply. The following genera belong to this tribe:-Glaucilköe; Callianassa Axia; Gebia; and 7h sina. Generic Chi any rostriform nearly pyru ( Edwards.) nearly ovoid, and without projecting, large, and short, cylindrical, and bent (coudées), as in Pagurus; the third joint of their | and uncinata; and he adds that Callianassa major of Say peduncle the longest, and carrying at its extremity two seems to be distinguished from the two preceding species. small multiarticulate appendages, which are very short and Axia. (Leach.) rather stout, one of which is furnished with many long hairs. External antenne inserted lower than the preceding, their peduncle bent, and presenting above a small scale, the vestige of a palp. External jaw-feet pediform. The last thoracic ring not anchylosed to the preceding. Anterior feet terminated by a stout, didactylous, wellformed hand: they are of very different sizes. Second and third pairs slender and very long: the two last pairs, on the contrary, short and elevated against the sides of the body, as in the Paguri; the fourth pair are flattened, rather large, and imperfectly didactylous, the immoveable finger of their hand being only formed by a slightly projecting tubercle; the posterior feet, still smaller than the last, are terminated by a small didactylous rather wellformed hand. The abdomen is narrow, elongated, and perfectly symmetrical: the first ring, much narrower than the succeeding ones, has no appendages; the four next segments, on the contrary, each give attachment to one pair of rather large false natatory feet, formed by a cylindrical basilary joint and two terminal blades, one of which is very small and obtuse, and the other large, pointed at the end, and bordered with long ciliary hairs. Caudal fin moderate in size; the middle blade, formed by the seventh abdominal segment, is rounded and ciliated, and the external blades are much longer than the middle ones. (M. E.) Generic Character.-Carapace very much compressed, and terminated anteriorly by a small triangular rostrum. Ocular peduncles very small, cylindrical, and terminated by a hemispherical cornea. Terminal filaments of the internal antennæ nearly of the length of the carapace. Peduncle of the external antennæ having above a small moveable spine which represents the great lamellar palp observable in the Shrimps. External jaw-feet slender and pediform. Anterior feet compressed, and terminated by a well-formed claw; carpus small. Second pair of feet nearly lamellar, and equally didactylous. The three next pairs monodactylous. Abdomen slightly convex towards the middle, and terminating in a great fin, the five blades of which are nearly of the same length. First ring of the abdomen carrying a rudimentary pair of false feet, and the four succeeding rings provided each with a pair of very well-developed natatory false feet, each composed of a short and stout peduncle, which at its extremity carries a small styliform appendage within, and externally two great oval, very large blades, which are ciliated on the borders. (M. E.) M. Milne Edwards observes that this genus establishes the passage between the Pagurians and Callianassa. Example, Glaucothoe Peronii, the only species known. Its integuments have little solidity, its carapace is smooth, and its length 8 lines. M. Milne Edwards states that it appears to inhabit the seas of Asia. He is of opinion that Latreille's genus Prophylax approximates closely to Glaucothoe, and ought not perhaps to be distinguished from it: if so Latreille's name has the priority. The latter placed his genus among the Paguri, but after the publication of M. Milne Edwards's Glaucothöe, was uncertain, according to M. Edwards, whether these two generic divisions should not be united. M. Milne Edwards observes that this genus much resembles Callianassa and Gebia, and he records the only known species, Axia Stirhynchus. Its length is about three inches, and it inhabits the coasts of France and England. Gebia. (Gebios and Thalassina, Risso; Gebia and Upogebia, Leach.) Generic Character.-Carapace terminating anteriorly by a triangular rostrum, and sufficiently large to cover the eyes almost entirely; on each side of its base is a tooth, which is continued with a crest, and forms the lateral border of the upper surface of the stomachal region. Internal antenne very short, but nevertheless their terminal filaments are longer than their peduncle. External antennæ very slender, and presenting at their base no vestige of a moveable scale. External jaw-feet pediform. Anterior feet narrow, terminated by an elongated and imperfectly subcheliform hand: their moveable finger is very large, and in bending downwards its base is applied against the See the article: but the student should refer to the accu- anterior border of the hand, the lower angle of which is rate and elaborate description and figures of M. Milne Ed-prolonged so as to constitute a tooth performing the office wards, who records two species:-Callianasse subterranea Callianassa. (Leach.) of the immoveable finger. The feet next in succession are compressed and monodactyle; the second pair have their penultimate joint large, widened, and ciliated below; the succeeding pairs are more slender. Abdomen long and much narrower at its base than towards its middle, depressed and terminating by a large fin, whose four lateral blades are foliaceous and very wide. First abdominal ring with two pairs of very small filiform appendages; the four next segments giving origin to three pairs of false natatory feet, composed of a stout and short peduncle, and two oval blades with strongly ciliated borders: the external one very large, and the other very small. Branchie brush-like and fixed on two rows, namely, one above the second foot, and two above the four anterior feet and the external jaw-feet. (M.E.) Example, Gebia stellata. Length 1 inch. Locality.-Coasts of England. M. Milne Edwards states that this species comes very near to Gebia littoralis. M. Milne Edwards observes that the Gebiæ establish the passage between the Thalassine and the Axia, which last they resemble in the general form of the body and disposi tion of the caudal fin, whilst they approach the first by the conformation of the feet. Gebia stellata. a, intermediate antenna; b, base of an external antenna. Thalassina. (Latreille.) division differ, he remarks, but very little from the first and Generic Character-Curapace short, narrow, and very the conformation of their thoracic branchiae does not per much elevated. Stomachal region small and limited back-mit their separation from the macrurous decapods, nor th wards by a deep furrow. Cardial and intestinal regions distant removal from the Thalassinians; but they have equally separated from the branchial regions, and repre- respiratory appendages fixed to their abdominal false-eet, senting by their junction a triangle, the apex of which is exhibiting the greatest analogy with the ramose branctua directed backwards. Front armed with a small triangular of the STOMAPODS. rostrum. Eyes small and cylindrical. Internal antennæ inserted above those organs; their peduncle of moderate size, and their terminal filaments slender and unequal, the longest about thrice the length of the peduncle. External antennæ very small, their peduncle cylindrical, hardly reaching beyond the rostrum, and presenting above no vestige of appendages. External jaw-feet moderate and pediform, their second joint armed with spiniform teeth on its internal surface, and nearly of the same form as the succeeding ones. First pair of feet narrow and moderately elongated, but rather robust; they are unequal, and the hand which terminates them presents at its anterior and lower angle a more or less strong tooth, which represents an immoveable finger, against which the base of the moveable finger, which is very large, is bent back. Second pair of feet very much compressed, and rather wide; their penultimate joint especially is large and ciliated below. The succeeding feet have nearly the same form, but they are narrower, and less and less compressed. Abdomen very long, narrow, semicylindrical, and nearly of the same size throughout its length. Terminal fin small; the two pairs of lateral blades, formed by members of the sixth ring, nearly linear. False feet fixed to the four middle rings of the abdomen; they are very slender, and composed of a cylindrical and elongated peduncle carrying two more or less ciliated multiarticulate filaments. (M. E.) Example, Thalassina scorpionides. Length about six inches. Colour brownish. The type of this group, according to M. Milne Edwards. is a small crustacean, to which he gives the generic name Cullianidea; but he also arranges in this same division the genus Isea of M. Guerin, under the name of Calliant, for he thinks that he perceives in this last an analeg s mode of organization. If, he observes, the characters a signed to it by M. Guerin be exact, it would be diffeu: to place this new genus here, and it ought to be approxim to the Pagurians; but it appears very probable to M. Mie Edwards that there has been some error of observation, and that in reality the Isea and Callianideæ differ but very little. These crustaceans, M. Milne Edwards observes, have a very small oval thorax compressed laterally: their ab men, on the contrary, is extremely long and slender. T disposition of the eyes and the antennæ is nearly the same as in Callianassa. The external jaw-feet are pedi and carry externally a slender and multiarticulate pap 1... two first pairs of feet are didactylous; the anterior pair are long, very unequal, and terminated by a stout compre hand; the second are small and very delicate: the third are enlarged towards the end nearly as in Callanas, terminated by a very short tarsus, forming, with a tubervie of the preceding joint, an imperfect claw. The fourth p of feet are slender and monodactyle; and the fifth par small in dimension, are thrown backwards. As in t Crpytobranchids, the abdomen is very long, sufficientlys.. and composed of nearly equal rings, of which the C arch is not prolonged below so as to incase the base of the false feet. The caudal fin offers nothing remarkable; t the false feet, inserted at its lower surface, are furnished with a multitude of branched filaments, which have a structure very analogous to that of branchia, and which cer tainly must be destined to concur in the work of respiratan. M. Milne Edwards concludes by observing that this tre comprehends two genera, one of which appears to him to be too ímperfectly known to be conveniently characterized Callianidea. (Edwards.) Generic Character.-Body very delicate, slender, and elongated. Carapace hardly a third of the length of the abdomen, and not covering the last thoracic ring, compressed and rather elevated, its lower border applied exactly against the base of the four first pairs of feet. N rostrum, and the anterior border of the carapace no on each side of the median line for the reception of the base of the eyes, whose peduncles are very short, a formed as in the Callianasse. Four antenna, slender l inserted nearly on the same transversal line; the first terminated by two filaments nearly equal in length, one which however is the largest, and slightly convex tom the end. Appendages of the mouth very small, occup but little space; mandibles hardly differing from the of Callianassa; valvular appendage of the second pair of pa very small; external jaw-feet slender and pediform, ther second joint furnished internally with a row of denti tubercles covered with hairs, and with their three last junts very much elongated. Sternum linear throughout its extent. First pair of feet long, and one of them very ste with the terminating hand very large, and nearly of t same form as in Callianassa, except that the carpus smaller. The two succeeding pairs of feet are small sad flattened; the fourth pair nearly cylindrical, and their ba silary joint very much enlarged. Fifth pair nearly as large as the fourth, and terminating in an imperfect rudimentary claw. Abdomen composed as ordinarily of seven segments, nearly of the same size throughout, and carrying beneath five pairs of false-feet of these the first are reduced to s simple narrow blade slightly ciliated at the end, but the four succeeding pairs have a very remarkable conformation. A peduncle is to be distinguished and three terminal isminæ, two of which are very large and one very smaller the edge of the preceding ones; all round the border of the great laminæ a kind of tufted fringe is found, composed of a row of cylinders, each of which gives origin to two sma filaments, which again in their turn are bifurcated near! in the same manner as the branchial filaments of the Squille are divided. The five blades of which the cauda |