Feb. 25-About this time Gen. Twiggs, in command of the U. S. troops in Texas, delivered up his men to the southerners as prisoners of war.

"28-Colorado organized into a Territorial government.

March 2-Dakota and Nevada organized into Territorial governments.

66

4-Abraham Lincoln inaugurated the fourteenth regular President of the United States.

5-Gen. Beauregard takes command of the southern forces at Charleston.

6-The Senate of the confederate States confirm Jeff Davis' nominations of the members of his cabinet, viz.: for Secretary of State, R. Toombs, of Geo.; for Secretary of Treasury, C. S. Meminger, of South Carolina; for Secretary of War, L. P. Walker, of Ala.; for Secretary of Navy, S. R. Mallory, of Fla.; for Postmaster, J. H. Reagan, of Texas; for Attorney General, J. P. Benjamin, of La.

"11-The Constitution of the confederate States adopted in convention at Montgomery, Ala., which was ratified afterwards by the several confederate States.

April 11-Gen. Beauregard demands of Major Anderson the surrender of Fort Sumter, which was refused.

"12-Bombardment of Fort Sumter. This was the real commencement of the great civil war between the North and South.

April 14-Major Anderson and his men leave fort Sumter.

15 President Lincoln calls for 75,000 men to defend Wash ington.

17-Virginia secedes, and the Governor recognizes the act by proclamation.

18 The U. S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry destroyed, to prevent
its falling into the hands of the south.

19-A mob, in Baltimore, attacked the Massachusetts troops
who were going to Washington, in obedience to the Presi-
dent's call; and the mayor of Baltimore notified the Presi-
dent that no more troops should pass through that city.
19-The President, by proclamation, declares the ports of the
seceded States blockaded.

20-The U. S. mint at Charlotte, N. C., seized, and on the
same day the railroads in Maryland were destroyed and
bridges burnt. On the same day the U. S. navy yard at
Gosport, Va., was destroyed by the men having it in charge,
to prevent its falling into the hands of the south. Property
lost worth $25,000,000.

66 26-Gov. Brown, of Georgia, forbids the citizens of that State from paying their debts due to the people of the north. May 3-President Lincoln calls for 82,714 additional troops. "6-Virginia admitted as one of the confederate States, and the State of Tennessee passed an ordinance of secession.

May 10-Gen. R. E. Lee took command of the southern troops in Va. 15-The Legislature of Massachusetts offer to loan the U. S. government $7,000,000 to carry on the war.

"21-North Carolina secedes from the United States.

"21-The southerners blockade the Mississippi river at Memphis. "24-Col. Ellsworth shot.

"27-100 slaves took refuge in fortress Monroe, and Gen. Butler declared them "contraband" of war.

"27-Mobile blockaded; Savannah ditto, on the next day, by the U. S. blockading squadron.

"31-A fight of two hours between the Union gunboats at Acquia Creek and the batteries at that place.

June 2-Battle of Philippi, Va. Union troops victorious. 16 3-U. S. Senator Douglas, of Illinois, died.

"10-Battle of Big Bethel, Va. Union troops repulsed. 14-The southern forces evacuate and burn Harper's Ferry, when the Union forces occupy the place.

"17-A convention of Union men vote the independence of West Virginia-in other words, that part of Virginia seceded from old Virginia.

"18-Battle of Booneville, Mo. Gen. Price routed by the Unionists under Gen. Lyon.

"23-Forty-eight locomotives of the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. destroyed by the southern forces.

"26-President Lincoln recognizes the Wheeling government as the government of Virginia.

July 2-Battle near Martinsburgh, Va. Patterson, Union, defeated by Gen. Jackson.

"5-Congress assembled, and the President called for 400,000 men, and $400,000,000 to put down the insurrection.

"5-Battle at Carthage, Mo. Gen. Siegel commanded the Union and Gen. Jackson the southern forces.

"11-Battle at Rich Mountain, Va. Union Gen. Rosecrans defeated Gen. Pegram.

"11-U. S. Senate expelled nine Senators from the southern States for treason.

"13-Battle of Carrickford, Va. Union Gen. Morris opposing Garnett, who was killed.

"21-Battle of Bull Run. Union Gen. McDowell against Beauregard. Union troops defeated after ten hours' fighting, yet the south lost the most men.

"25-Gen. Geo. B. McClellan took command of the army of the Potomac.

Aug. 2-Congress passed an act for raising 500,000 men, and $500,000,000 by tax and tariff.

7-The village of Hampton, Va., burnt, to prevent its falling into the hands of the Unionists.

"10-Battle of Wilson's Creek. Union Gen. Lyon killed; 263 troops killed, and 421 of the enemy. Battle lasted six hours.

Aug. 15-Jeff. Davis ordered all northern men to quit the confederate States in forty days.

"16-President Lincoln, by proclamation, declared all commercial intercourse with seceded States at an end.

"23-The Cherokee Indians join the south.

"28-Bombardment and capture of forts Hatteras and Clark, N. C., by the combined action of the army, under Gen. Butler, and the navy, under Com. Stringham.

31-Gen. Fremont issued a proclamation confiscating the property of disloyalists in Missouri, and also freeing the slaves. This was countermanded by the President.

Sept. 1-the village of Boom Court House, Va., burnt.

12-Col. John A. Washington, of the Southern army, killed while reconnoitering.

"12-Battle of Cheat Mountain, Va.

Unionists victorious.

"18-Some of the members of the Legislature of Maryland arrested and imprisoned for talking treason. Unionists victorious.

Oct. 3-Battle of Greenbrier, Va.

"16-The U. S. troops re-capture Lexington, Mo.
"16-Battle of Pilot Knob, Mo. Unionists victorious.

"21-Battle of Ball's Bluff-which was a severe fight-the Un-
ionists defeated; Col. Baker killed, with 918 men killed or
wounded.
29-The great naval and military force, consisting of 75 vessels,
(of all sorts,) and 27,000 men, sailed from Hampton Roads,
Va., and bound south, under command of Com. DuPont,
and Gen. T. W. Sherman.

Nov. 1-Gen. Scott retired from the command of the army, with full pay; and Gen. McClellan took his place.

1-Confederate Gen. Floyd tried to capture Gen. Rosecrans and his army at Gauley, Va., but failed.

"4-Houston, Mo., taken by the Union troops, who captured a large amount of property.

แ 4-A part of the great naval expedition arrived at Port Royal, South Carolina.

แ 7-A great naval battle at Hilton Head, S. C., when forts Beauregard and Walker were captured.

"L 8 Battle of Belmont, Mo. Great slaughter on both sides.

8-Mason & Slidell, commissioners to Europe, were taken from the British steamer Trent by the U. S. ship San Jacinto, but on the demand of the English government they were given up to her.

"10-The village of Guyandotte, Va., burnt by Union soldiers, because some of them had been murdered by the inhabitants.

"20-Thirty old whale ships, loaded with stone, sailed from New London and New Bedford, to be sunk in the channels of some of the southern sea ports. This was accomplished.

Dec. 3-4-Congressmen Bennett, of Ky., Reed, of Mo., and John C. Breckenridge, U. S. Senator from Ky., were expelled from Congress for treason.

"5-At this time there were, as shown by the reports of the Secretaries of War and of the Navy, nearly 700,000 men in the army and navy of the U. States.

"16-Platte City, Mo., burnt by the southern forces.

"17-More than twenty stone vessels sunk in the channels to the harbors of Charleston and Savannah.

"31-At the close of this year there were 246 vessels (of all kinds) in the United States navy, carrying 22,000 men and nearly 2,000 guns.

1862.

Jan. 2-Battle on Port Royal Island, S. C. The southern forces driven from the island.

"10-A fight near Prestonburgh, Ky., between Union Gen. Garfield, and Gen. Humphrey Marshall's forces. Marshall defeated.

"10-Senators Johnson and Polk, of Mo., expelled from the U. S. Senate a's traitors.

"12-125 vessels, with 15,000 troops, left Fortress Monroe for the south, under Com. Goldsborough and Gen. Burnside. "13-Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, resigned, and Edwin M. Stanton, of Pa., appointed in his place.

"18-John Tyler, of Va., and once acting President, died. "19-Battle of Mill Spring, Ky. Union forces under Gen. Thom

as completely victorious over Gens. Crittenden and Zollicoffer the latter was killed. Unionists make a great haul of provisions and arms.

"27-Bishop Ames, of the Methodist Church, and Gov. Fish, of New York, appointed to visit prisoners at Richmond and other places, but the southern authorities would not allow them to enter their lines.

Feb. 4-Congress enact that the names of every person who had taken uparms against the United States should be struck from the pension rolls.

5-Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana, expelled from the U. S. Senate for his secession sentiments.

6-The western gun-boats capture Fort Henry, on the Tennessee river, under Com. Foote. The southern Gen. Tilghman taken prisoner.

"l 8-Great battle on Roanoke Island, which, with all its fortifications and guns, were captured, together with over 2,500 prisoners. Gen. Burnside commanded the Union forces. "10-Naval battle between gun-boats, off Elizabeth City, N. C. All but one of the enemy's boats captured.

"12-Gen. Grant, with 40,000 trooops, invests Fort Donnelson, on

the Cumberland river, where there were 18,000 troops under Genls. Floyd, Pillow and Buckner. The fighting continued during the 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th, when the fort surrendered to the Union forces, with 13,300 prisoners of war, 3,000 horses, 48 guns, and 20,000 small arms.

Feb. 13-Congress authorize the construction of twenty iron clad gunboats.

"18 The southern Congress assembled at Richmond, Va.

19-Jeff Davis and Alexander H. Stephens were unanimously elected President and Vice President of the Confederate States for six years.

"23-Nashville occupied by Union forces.

"25-Congress authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to issue $150,000,000 of United States potes, (greenbacks) and make them a legal tender.

Mar. 2-A battle between the Union gunboats and the batteries at Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. The southern forces repulsed with great slaughter.

66 3-Gen. Beauregard took command of the southern army in Mississippi.

"4-Congress fix the number of Representatives in Congress at 241-based on the census of 1860.

13

6-8-Battle of Pea Ridge. Union Gen. Curtis, with 22,000 men, against Benj. McCullough with 35,000 men-McC. was killed. This battle lasted three days.

"8-9-The Southern steamer Merrimac, or Virginia, with four gunboats, attack the U. States ships lying at Hampton Roads, and burnt and sunk several of them, when the U. S. Monitor came into the fight and very soon disabled the Merrimac. This was the first trial of iron clads.

"14-Battle of Newbern, N. C.; where the Unionists found an immense amount of stores and ammunition.

"23-Battle of Winchester, Va. The southern forces defeated with great loss.

April 6-7-Battle of Pittsburg Landing or Shiloh, on the Tennessee river; the Unionists victorious-Southern Gen. A. S. Johnson, killed, and 3,000 of his men. This was one of the most terrible battles during the civil war, and would have been lost but for the aid of the gunboats. Gen. Grant commanded the Union forces, and Gen. Beauregard the enemy. 100,000 men were in the battle, and 20,000 were killed, wounded or missing.

"11-Fort Pulaski bombarded thirty-six hours, and taken by Gen. Hunter.

“16-Slavery in the District of Columbia abolished by act of Congress.

"18-The Union fleet of 51 vessels, under Com. Farragut and Porter, ascend the Mississippi river and bombard forts