unsanitary utensils and containers for milk, cream, or dairy products generally is specifically forbidden.

4th. Under the old food law there was a standard for milk, but no penalty for sale of milk below standard. Under the new food law there is a standard for milk and there is a penalty for selling milk below standard.

5th. Under the old law there was no provision for making standards for foods. Under the new food law there are adequate provisions.

6th. It was necessary under the old law in each case where a preservative was unwholesome or injurious to health to state same on the label; under the new law a preseravtive, such as formaldehyde, hydrofluoric acid, boric acid, salicylic acid and all compounds and derivatives thereof are declared unwholesome and injurious. This section, written into the law, has added great strength to the law and makes it easy to convict.

7th. There is now, for the first time, a guarantee clause in the new state food law. This protects the innocent retailer from prosecution, and fixes the responsibility on the truly guilty party where in good faith he purchases the goods of the manufacturer, packer or jobber within the state and receives a guarantee-as provided by law for same-this provision of the law seems to be suited to the public needs, as it not only protects the retailer, if he is careful and prudent, as he should be in making his purchases only of a reputable manufacturer or jobber, and brings responsibility home to the manufacturer, packer, or jobber, if a false guarantee is made; and the responsibility is placed where it belongs, on the manufacturer, packer or jobber, who prepared the goods for sale, or of whom he purchased same.

8th. Under section 6 of the new food law the possession of misbranded or adulterated articles of food are prohibited by law-it makes the possession of same prima facia evidence of guilt, and the possession thereof a violation of the law. This section is of great assistance to the department as it does away with the fraud found in food in the possession of the retailer. Now all the department has to do is to prove that the goods are adulterated or mislabeled, in order to convict. 9th. Under section 10 of the new food law the department is given the right to enforce the confiscation and condemnation of misbranded or adulterated foods. This section is of great assistance to the department in the enforcement of the law, as in many cases the goods have been found to be "contraband goods," or shipped into the state under the Interstate Commerce Law in violation of the National Food Law, and when coming within the jurisdiction of the State Food Department, where found to be illegal, could be seized and condemned as provided in said section.

10th. Section 40 of the new state food law, authorizing the department to grant preliminary hearings to the accused violators of the law, is a new section. It provides the commissioner shall cause notice of the violation to be given to the accused, with a copy of the findings, and a hearing had on the same; the accused may appear in person, or by attorneys, and after such hearing the commissioner may in his discretion either prosecute the accused or discharge him. This is one of the most important provisions of the new state food law, as under this section, the accused can come in and make defense and show cause, why he should not be prosecuted.

MISBRANDING DUE TO IGNORANCE OF LAW. In many of the preliminary hearings that have been held under said section 40, it has been found that the adulteration, or misbranding, was on account of ignorance of the legal requirements, and in a number of other cases it was found that the goods had been manufactured, or packed, prior to the enactment of the new law, and that the retailer, who had the article in his possession, was not advised as to the change of the law in these respects, as soon as the attention of the accused was called to the violation of the law, he immediately shipped the goods back, or had them labeled, in conformity with the requirements of the new law.

Prior to the passage of the new food law of Illinois there had been no law on the statute books of our state requiring spiritous and vinous liquors to be properly labeled, or preventing their adulteration.

Under section 14 of the new law the adulteration of liquors is especially prohibited and under paragraph 2 of section 9, where it is an imitation, it should be plainly stated on the label in which it is contained, or if it is a blend of two or more liquors it should be stated on the label.

I regard these sections as very important additions to the law, as now we can punish the manufacturer, packer or dealer for selling liquors containing substances or ingredients not healthful or that are not properly labeled so as to show

just what the article of liquor is and what it is composed of. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAIRY AND FOOD DEPARTMENT FOR UNIFORMITY. The National Association of State Dairy and Food Departments was organized for the purpose of securing a National Food Law, and to secure the co-operation of the various food officials, state and national, also for securing legislation in the different states of the Union and state food laws, modeled after the National Food Law, and to secure unity of action as to rulings, labels and standards among the various states as well as with those made by the national food authorities.

THE NATIONAL FOOD AND DRUGS LAW. As soon as I was appointed State Food Commissioner, I became a member of the National Association of State Dairy and Food Departments, and served two years as its president and have been a member of the executive committee of said association since, as a member of the executive committee of said association helped prepare a national food law and the same was introduced in Congress; for seven years. our committee memoralized Congress to pass this national food law and the co-operation of the various food officials, state and national, as well as the various food journals, and the press of the country, and the work of education thus carried on created a sentiment so strong that Congress finally, in 1906, passed the National Pure Food and Drug Law. FOOD CONDITIONS FEARFUL TO CONTEMPLATE. The condition of the food markets of the country had become fearful to contemplate-food adulteration had become so entrenched, owing to the Interstate Commerce Laws, that permitted these adulterated and misbranded foods to cross the border lines of the states and the states had no jurisdiction beyond their border lines, that there was no way of preventing their shipment into our state until this National Law was passed, now through the co-operation with the National Food authorities, under the National Food Law, we can prevent these adulterated and misbranded foods from being sold in our state.

CO-OPERATION WITH FEDERAL OFFICIALS. Immediately after the National Law was passed, I went to Washington and took up the question of co-operation in the national food work, and enforcing the national and state laws with Dr. Wiley, chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, who had charge of the enforcement of the National Food Law with Secretary Wilson of the Department of Agriculture, in whose department the enforcement of the National Food Law was placed, made the necessary arrangements with them for mutual co-operation in all matters pertaining to Interstate Commerce in foods that might arise in Illinois.

Under this arrangement the national food authorities located their offices and laboratory on the north half of the 16th floor of the Manhattan Building, and the Illinois State Food Department has, for the past nine years, occupied the south half of the 16th floor of the Manhattan Building in Chicago, and for the past year these arrangements for co-operation and harmony of action have been carried out, and the work of enforcing our state food laws, under this new arrangement, has been much more complete and effective than ever before, as now when adulterated foods are discovered, that have come across the border line of our state the same is handed over by the state food authorities to the national food authorities to prosecute as provided by the National Food Laws; and when it is discovered as adulterated or mislabeled, contrary to the provisions of our state food law it is handed over by the national food authorities to the state food authorities to prosecute as provided in our state food laws.

Dr. A. L. Winton, who has charge of the headquarters of the middle division of the United States Food and Drug Law, as located in the north half of the 16th floor of the Manhattan Building, has, for the past twenty years, been engaged in national food work in connection with the Agricultural Experiment Station and otherwise, and owing to his long experience in the work of enforcing these various food laws, has become very proficient, and is regarded as an expert on all questions pertaining to food and dairy products.

More attention is being given to these matters than ever before, as under these laws, state and national, rulings have been made for nearly every food product and a committee of state and national food chemists have been appointed to formulate these rulings, so that the food officials of the various states, as well as the National Government, may adopt and follow same; already there is established rulings for the various food products and co-operation, and the work of enforcing the food laws will, in the future, be comparatively easy, as now we can reach the manufacturers or venders of these adulterated and misbranded foods outside of the state.

Heretofore, as stated, there was no way of reaching these adulterators, and false labelers of foods, doing business outside of the state and whose foods came across the border line of the state.

LABELS AND STANDARDS ESTABLISHED. Now that we will have labels and standards for the various articles of food and every food product properly labeled so as to show the composition or ingredients entering into same, the discovery of fraud in foods and the evidence of the same will be narrowed down until it will simply mean a question of analysis by the chemist and a comparison of the sample with the label and standard as fixed.

Hereafter manufacturers, dealers and food officials under the provision of our new national and state food laws, and the rulings and standards, will be equally and fully informed as to the precise requirements in the composition of all articles of food, the proper labeling of same, and much unnecessary and costly litigation will thereby be avoided.

COMPARISON OF ILLINOIS FOOD LAW WITH NATIONAL FOOD AND DRUGS ACT.

In comparing the provisions of our state food law with those of the national food law it will be found that there is substantially no difference between our state food law and the national food law, except our state law is extended sufficiently to embrace local conditions and take in the police powers of the state, and it further seems that the national food law meets every reasonable requirement, so far as national supervision of foods is concerned, and that the incorporation of these national provisions, as is done substantially in our state food law, by the several states of the Union, and the embodying so much therein of the local conditions, each state will have the best food law they can possibly hope for.

This will seem more apparent when we consider that the National Government can only legislate in so far as Interstate Commerce is concerned, except in the District of Columbia, and territories, our insular possessions, and also as to oreign commerce they each being matters delegated to the National Government and all other matters being reserved by the states.

In comparing the provisions of our state food law with those of the national, we find, in the following seventeen provisions wherein they are similar, or the reasons set forth why they are not substantially the same, thus showing that in all the essential particulars they are, in substance, the same. First-Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the Illinois Food Law provide for the appointment of a Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner, Analysts and Inspectors, and prescribe the duties of each, the powers of each, and the method of taking and delivering samples by the inspectors.

Second.-Section 5 of the state food law is the same as section 1 of the national food law, save in the territory embraced within the provisions, the state law being limited in its application to the State of Illinois, and also that section 5 contains the provision that an article which is intended for shipment to a foreign country may be prepared or packed according to specifications, or directions, of the foreign country to which it is intended to be shipped. This proviso will be found in section 2 of the national food law.

Third.-Section 3 of the national food law makes provision that the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall make uniform rules and regulations for the purpose of carrying out the act. This is substantially enacted in section 38 of the Illinois Food Law, except that the Illinois Food Law in sections 2, 3 and 4 makes provision for the method of taking samples, and also except in that the National Food Law limits the samples to be taken from unbroken packages, while the Illinois Food Law contains no such restriction.

Fourth.-Section 4 of the National Food Law is a provision that examinations shall be under the direction of the Bureau of Chemistry, in the Department of Agriculture, which provision is embodied in section 4 of the Illinois Food Law, except that it provides that all analyses shall be made by the State Analyst, or his assistants.

Fifth-Section 5 provides the District Attorney shall prosecute offenders, while section 31 of the Illinois law provides the States Attorney shall prosecute.

Sixth. In section 6 of the National Food Law, the term "drug" is defined as is also the term "food." The Illinois Food Law does not define "drugs" at all, nor does it attempt to regulate their manufacture or sale. That being left to another bureau of the state government (the State Board of Pharmacy) which was created long before the passage of the State or National Food Laws or before the State or

Federal Government began the regulation of the manufacture and sale of food products.

Seventh. The term "food" as defined by section 6 of the Federal Law, is embodied in section 7 of the Illinois Food Law, together with the additions of the provision "and any substance used as a constituent thereof."

The provision as to drugs in section 7 of the National Food Law is omitted in the Illinois Food Law, for the reason heretofore set forth, while the provision of section 7 of the National Food Law as set forth under the provision under the sub-head "In Case of Confectionery," is set forth in the Illinois Food Law, in section 8, under the sub-head "In Case of Confectionery."

Eighth. The provisions of the National Food Law as to adulteration, as set forth in section 7 thereof, under the sub-head "In the Case of Food," are embodied in section 8 of the Illinois Food Law, under the sub-head "In Case of Food," except that paragraph "Three" thereof, the following "Provided that in the manufacture of skimmed or separated cheese, the whole or part of the butter fat in the milk may be abstracted," is added in the Illinois Food Law, and in paragraph 4, in reference to polishing, the words "or it is added in the Illinois law," and in paragraph 5 "formaldehyde" and certain other acids are declared to be injurious by our law, while the National law, as to these acids and all other preservatives, is silent.

Ninth. In section 8, of the National Food Law, defining "misbranding," the National law, under the sub-head "In Case of Drugs," makes provision as to branding drugs, while the Illinois law is, for the reason above set forth, silent. In the same section of the National law, under the sub-head "In Case of Food," defines "misbranding of food." This entire provision is embodied in the Illinois Food Law with the addition thereto of paragraph 4, as follows: "If it be a manufactured article of food, or food sold in package form, and is not distinctly labeled, marked or branded, with the true name of the article and with either the name of the manufacturer or the name and address of the packer or dealer who sells the same," which is in substance one of the provisions of the original Illinois Food Law, and was written into the new food law because of its salutary provisions.

Tenth.-Section 9 of the National Food Law contains a provision as to guaranty from wholesale jobbers, manufacturers or other parties residing within the United States, whereby the dealer is freed from liability and the person making the guaranty is rendered liable to prosecution. This provision is embodied in section 31 of the Illinois Food Law, except that it limits the residence of the guarantor to the State of Illinois, which, when we consider the jurisdiction of the state, must commend itself. There is another limitation in that the guaranty only applies to the original unbroken package under the Illinois Food Law, yet this, in effect, is the same limitation that is made in section 9 of the National Food Law.

Eleventh.-Section 10 of the National Food Law providing for condemnation and confiscation of contraband foods and is substantially the same as section 10 of the Illinois Food Law.

Twelfth. The provision for a hearing for persons suspected of violating the National Food Law as provided in section 4 of that law, is carried out under section 40 of the Illinois Food Law.

Thirteenth.-Section 11 of the National Food Law is a provision applying to foreign commerce exclusively over which the state has no jurisdiction, and for that reason it is left out of the Illinois Food Law. Thus it will be seen that every provision of the National Food Law so far as the same can come within the limits of the jurisdiction of the state, are embodied in the Illinois Food Law.

Fourtenth. The Illinois Food Law contains many provisions not specifically set forth in the National Food Law, which have been written into the Illinois Food Law for various reasons. In some instances, because of the difference between the authority granted of officers appointed by the Federal Government, and that granted to officers appointed under the State Food Law. Also, some articles which may be a natural product of one state and not produced at all in some of the other states, or a difference in the strength or purity, of articles produced in different sections of the country, which gives an illustration of products of one state which are put on the market in their natural, unadulterated condition, and yet in another state would not come up to what may be reasonably required.

Fifteenth.-Section 16-24, inclusive. has to do with milk and milk products, except the provision of section 22 as to the sale of preservatives, which applies to other food stuffs

as well as milk. These provisions have to do with the care and production of milk and care of milk utensils, the sale of milk and the methods of testing same are matters over which the Federal Government would have but limited supervision, while the State of Illinois, with her hundreds of thousands. dairy cattle and dairy products, as she is the first dairy state in the Union, is most vitally interested and has very great responsibility.

Sixteenth. So also are the provisions of sections 25 and 26 of the Illinois law in relation to lard, are very important food industries in the State of Illinois with her immense packing industries. And with this product, as with many others, the Federal Government regulates the same matters through another department-the Meat Inspection Depart

ment.

Seventeenth. The matter of the regulation of "Oleomargarine and Process Butter" are conducted by the Federal Government through other departments than the Food Inspection Department. Hence, we see that the state, while it has the entire National Food Law embodied in the State law, and while it is also assuming control over certain things not embodied in the National Food Law, this, of itself, does not mean that it does not conform to national laws or that there is a conflict between the two laws.

MANUFACTURERS FOR UNIFORMITY.

It is obvious why wholesale dealers, manufacturers and packers of the various food products of our country should desire uniformity of legislation-State and National-they distribute these products to the retail trade, without reference to state lines.

They must conform to the National law if sold for Interstate Commerce, but in order that the goods they ship may be sold, by their customers in difference state it is necessary to comply with the State Food Law also. CONSUMERS AIDED BY UNIFORMITY OF FOOD LAWS.

Where these differ from the National law and from each other in their requirements, it adds to the difficulty, the expense and the risk of the business in a way that has no reasonable ground for existing.

Therefore it is quite as important to the consuming public and the State and National Food officials as to the trade in food products, that all State and National Food Laws should be substantially uniform, for in no other way can there be a systematic and consistent enforcement of the laws, or any assurance that their purpose of protecting the consuming pub. lic against adulteration and fraud is attained.

STATES CONFORM. TO THE NATIONAL LAW. Already about thirty-five states have remodeled their laws after the National Food Law, and most all of the states seem to be satisfied with the rulings and standards made by the National food authorities, the National Food Law and standards and rulings then, under this law, can only be made effective by co-operation between the National and State authorities.

There should be no objection and little difficulty in the remaining states securing the acceptance by their State Legislatures a law modeled after the National Food Law and giving permission to make rulings and fix standards in harmony therewith. With that accomplished, the question of enforcement is comparatively easy.

CONFLICT BETWEEN DIFFERENT FOOD OFFICIALS UNDESIRABLE.

While it is highly desirable that there should be no conflict in our Pure Food Laws-National and State-and while it is equally desirable that there should be no lowering of the standard, or no letting down the bars against adulterated and mislabeled foods-yet it is quite as desirable that in seeking to avoid conflicts, the State food authorities are not led into unnecessary conflict with the federal authorities.

Any state law that is in opposition to the National Lawon the questions of the proper labeling and standards for foods, cannot but cause confusion, and the conditions in the different states are so varied that it is believed by all those who have studied these questions there are no two states which would adopt the same food law.

However, all the states can easily adopt the national law by revising their laws and modeling them after the National Food Law and making standards and rulings in conformity with those made by the national food authorities, because all the various reputable food interests of the country are already complying with the National law and standards and rulings made thereunder.

FOOD SOLD ON VALUE RATHER THAN BY VOLUME.

Heretofore governments have been content to measure food

by the quart, the pound or the piece. The time has now come when foods need to be measured by their composition as to strength, purity and effect on the health, and the sanitary condition surrounding them should be carefully inquired into. This necessity is due to the fact that in the competition in trade which exists in all food products unscrupulous manufacturers and dealers are placing inferior goods upon the market without reference to their sanitary condition or notice of their adulteration to the great injury of the public both as pertains to value and health.

WORK OF ILLINOIS FOOD COMMISSION. During the past year there have been over 6,000 samples taken and reported to the office of the State Food Department, not taking into consideration the tests made as to milk and dairy products. Some of these samples were taken for the reason that they were misbranded, or not properly labeled in conformity with the requirements of the State Food Law, and others to determine whether they were pure or wholesome or containing coloring matter and preservatives that were harmful. Of these samples analyzed, more than 3,800 were found to be pure, or to meet the requirements of the law, and about 2,200 were found to be adulterated, or mislabeled, and illegal and consequently in violation of our State food laws.

Upon the laboratory devolves the analytical work of determining what foods are adulterated or misbranded; also ascertaining the ingredients or substances used in the adulteration of foods; and also, to ascertain whether the ingredients or substances used are unwholesome or injurious to health, or used merely as an inferior or cheaper substance, or substances, and substituted wholly, or in part, for the real or genuine article.

The work of the laboratory has been quite extensive along the various lines of adulteration, especially as to the use of preservatives and coloring matter used in food and dairy products. It has been clearly demonstrated that the use of coloring matter and preservatives in food products has been carried to an extreme. The deleterious effects of their use upon the health of the people of the state has been clearly set forth in bulletins issued from time to time, as these investigations have been made. In this manner the public has been informed as to their harmfulness, as well as by hearings and prosecutions instituted against manufacturers and dealers. During the past year our inspectors have visited all the cities of the state, investigating the milk supply, as well as inquiring into the quality of the butter-known as imitation butter-on the market. This work was started because the dairymen, milk dealers and peddlers in milk, process and renovated butter were not observing the law. The butter reddlers were selling process and renovated butter. for "pure butter" and the milk peddlers were selling watered milk and milk containing a preservative, such as formaldehyde, for "pure milk."

It was ascertained that a great deal of the butter that was sold as "pure butter" was imitation butter, such as process or renovated butter and oleomargarine, and that during the hot months of summer some of the milk contained formaldehyde and a great deal of it was watered and skimmed.

SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTION.

Many prosecutions have been begun and successfully conducted and convictions secured on account of these various violations, and the intention of the department in the future is to enforce these dairy laws more vigorously, and no leniency will be shown or immunity granted to the violators of these laws in the future, as these pure and wholesome butter and milk laws are more especially for the protection of the infants and for those who are sick, consequently require greater protection-as milk more especially is the common diet for infants and all those in bad health.

HEARINGS UNDER THE LAW. The department during the past year has instituted 2 200 hearings; of that number about 300 have been prosecuted in the courts to a termination and 220 convictions were obtained.

There has been a great improvement during the past year in the food markets of the state. Manufacturers and packers of the various food products seem to be more in sympathy with our new state and national food laws and observing them with greater care than ever before. They are putting up the various foods with more care as to labels, as well as the ingredients contained in same, and submitting to the state food department their labels for inspection when in doubt as to the proper labeling of their goods. Not only is this true as to the manufacturers and packers of foods in our own state, but also as to those of adjacent states; and in each case where the label has been submitted for correction or

approval, it has received the prompt attention of the department.

BETTER FOOD MANUFACTURED.

There have been more and better foods manufactured, prepared and sold during the past year than in any previous year and the quality is better. More attention has been paid to the laws and rulings in regard to foods than ever before. Our state has more dairy and farm products than ever before in the history of the state, the quality is better and prices more remunerative; and if Illinois is to retain her place among the states of the Union and in the foreign markets, not only as the producer of more and better food products than any of her sister states, but also as receiving higher prices in the food markets of the world, then it is more necessary that these foods should be manufactured, prepared and packed in a proper and legal manner, and that the law and rulings providing for their manufacture, preparation and sale shall be fully complied with.

AIM OF THE STATE FOOD DEPARTMENT. What the state food department is trying to do is to give the consumer a pure and wholesome article of food and to protect him against imposition and fraud and to give to the merchants who desire to sell only pure, honest goods the full benefit of the state food laws, in protecting them against dishonest competitors.

This department has put forth great effort to assist in the development of the dairy interests of the state. The work has been directed largely to the dairies, creameries, bottling plants and milk condensaries. This is good as far as it goes, but does not reach the foundation of the work. The work of education should begin at the dairy farms. Herds should

be weeded out, barns should be made warmer and should be well lighted and ventilated, feed adjusted for more profitable milk production and, lastly, the milk properly drawn and cared for under sanitary regulation. Well ventilated stables and well balanced rations are necessary to large milk productions.

85 PER CENT OF MANUFACTURERS COMPLY WITH FOOD LAWS.

It is now estimated that about 85 per cent of the manufacturers and packers of the various food products of the state are manufacturing and supplying the markets of the state with food products substantially in conformity with our new state and national food laws, and all of these manufacturers and packers, who furnished the capital for the management and control of this vast proportion of our food products, are satisfied with the law and are in favor of its execution and enforcement and are rendering to this department great help and moral support in the way of securing its enforcement; and it is only the estimated 15 per cent of manufacturers and packers of adulterated, misbranded and unwholesome food products that are opposed to our state food law and are attempting to evade, in every way possible, its enforcement. DEPARTMENT CANNOT ANALYZE SAMPLES FOR

DEALERS.

I again call attention to an impression that has gained considerable force throughout the state; that is, that the department should assist the dealer in determining the character and quality of his goods by receiving samples from the retailer, manufacturer or jobber, and analyzing them and returning a report as to the character of the goods. This might seem to a casual observer to be one of the most effective methods of suppressing the sale of unlawful goods, yet a closer observation of the effect of such a course will very soon convince almost any one that it would be impossible.

There are about 4,000 manufactories of foods and 16,000 retail grocery stores in the state, not counting the thousands of restaurants and booths and other places where foods may be sold and where the dealers may be interested in knowing the quality of the food sold. If these retail dealers of the state alone submitted but one single sample each of their goods for analysis, it would take up the entire time of our state chemists, leaving no time to attend to the analysis of suspected articles secured by our inspectors, and should this be the rule adopted, the retail dealer, in all probability, would only send in to the department a sample of his "pure goods" and not a sample of the adulterated or mislabeled foods, if he had any, in his store or place of business.

It is quite true that most consumers learn, by actual experiment, what sort of foods are most congenial to their stomachs and what are not aceptable to it. It is also true that physiologically, as well as spiritually, each person is a law unto himself. At times a food is assimilated perfectly by the stomach, while a short period later precisely the same sort of food affects the stomach very disagreeably, and the person imagines that the difference is due to a change in his health. And yet

it may simply mean the difference between pure, wholesome food and drugged food. It is important enough, then, to look the matter up, as since the passage of the new state and national food laws and the enforcement of the penalties for false labeling, the labels are much more truthful than they formerly were and a careful study of their contents may mean much.

THE BEST IS NONE TOO GOOD.

The head of the family is wise when he takes the ground that the best food in the market is none too good for himself and the members of his family. Pure and wholesome food has preserved many a valuable life and restored the sick and feeble to robust health, and since the passage of these pure food laws by the states there has been a notable increase in the length of human life.

LOOK AT THE LABEL.

The paramount question, then, is, Are the consuming public looking at the labels? The answer to this question in the negative is that unscrupulous manufacturers and venders in foods will be encouraged to put inferior and dangerous products upon the market. Its answer in the affirmative means the eventual withdrawal from the market of all falsely labeled food products containing chemical preservatives or made of impure, inferior and unwholesome articles. The result will be the increased health, longevity and happiness of the consumers of our state.

Properly labeled goods that are pure and wholesome may cost a little more than the inferior article could be purchased for, but there will be a decided saving in the end, both in the matter of preserved health, mental activity and actual effect of the genuine food.

It has been fully demonstrated that it takes much less of the genuine article of food to satisfy the hunger than of the drugged food or imitation product. This is a fact which should commend itself to the serious consideration of every consumer, and this is the doctrine promulgated by every pure food commission, and the effects of its teachings and enforcement have convinced the people of our state that it is right, and the enforcement of the state food laws are in the interest of the people, and courts and juries are ready and willing to enforce the penalties for false labeling.

STOCK FOOD GIVEN ATTENTION.

In addition to food and drink for the human family much attention has been given to the enforcement of the stock food law, regulating the manufacture, sale and analysis of concentrated commercial feed stuffs for feeding farm live stock and domestic animals generally.

The law provides that every lot or parcel of concentrated commercial feed stuffs shall have affixed thereto in a conspicuous place, on the label, on the outside thereof, a plainly printed statement clearly and truly certifying the name, brand or trade mark under which the article is sold for feeding purposes, the name and address of the manufacturer, importer or dealer, the net weight of the package, or the minimum percentage of crude protein, reckoning 1 per cent of nitrogen equal to 64 per cent of portein, crude fiber, and crude fat which is contained. If the feed stuff is sold in bulk, or it is put up in packages belonging to the purchaser, the agent, or the dealer, shall, upon the request of the purchaser, furnish him with a certified statement as above described.

The stock food law referred to in section 2 defines the term concentrated commercial feed stuffs as used in the act, and in section 3 what it shall not include; section 4, a penalty for a false statement; section 5 authorizes the state food commissioner, either in person or by deputy, to enter any premises where feed stuffs are stored, or sold, take samples of same and a penalty of from $25 to $100 for obstructing the commissioner, or his deputies, in and about taking samples, or discharging their duties.

Section 6 prohibits adulteration with any injurious substances and if a foreign substance is used it shall be plainly stated on the label, or package, and fix a penalty of not less than $25 and not more than $100 for each offense.

Section 7 makes it the duty of the state food commissioner to prosecute all violations under the law.

Section 8 makes it the duty of each manufacturer, importer, agent, or seller of any concentrated commercial feeding stuffs to pay annually, during the month of December, to the treasurer of the state of Illinois, a license fee of $25 for each and every brand sold, or offered for sale.

Since the passage of the stock food law, May 18, 1905, and going into force July 1, 1905, it has been productive of great good to the commercial interests of the state as well as providing a pure and wholesome food product for the domestic animals of the state.

Illinois is one of the first states of the Union in the number

and value of domestic animals, consequently her interests in this law are greater than those of any of her sister states. Her great packing industries as well as her dairy interests depend upon a faithful enforcement of the law.

More attention has been given to the enforcement of the stock food law during the past year than of any former year. Mr. S. VanDuesen of Greenville, Ill.; Mr. Antone Spaeth of Mt. Carmel, Ill.; Mr. A. R. Lewis of Morrison, and H. W. Colver of Lanark, Ill., have been acting as stock food inspectors, and each of them will embody in this report an account of the work performed by them in the discharge of their duties as inspectors. Miss Lucy F. Doggett has acted as chemist for this department in the analysis of stock foods during the past year, and a full report of her work in andlyzing the samples and discoveries made will be embodied in her report herein and attention is especially called to, not only her report, but that of the inspectors, to show, when compared with former years, the great improvement that has been made in the stock food markets of the state in the past three years, or since the stock food law went into force. DEPARTMENT INVESTIGATED SANITARY CONDITION OF CREAMERIES.

The department has found that bad sanitary conditions exist in many of the dairies and creameries of the state, and it is therefore very important that the city health authorities of the different cities of the state should provide adequate protection to their people by a system of inspection that will de away with these evils, unfortunately very few cities have, as yet, realized the importance of this matter. It should be emphasized also, in this connection, that a mere examination, or test, of milk offered for sale is insufficient.

REPORT OF STATE ANALYST.

The report of Dr. T. J. Bryan, state analyst, records the progress made during the year of the work of the laboratory, and I desire to call your attention to his report of the results of analysis, and the discoveries made as to the sophistication of the various food samples analyzed by the different chemists.

Illinois now has one of the best equipped laboratories of any state in the Union, as during the past year the laboratory has been entirely remodeled and changed to meet the new conditions of the state food departmem, and I take special pleasure in calling attention to the report and the work per formed in the laboratory, as Dr. Bryan's report will also cover the work performed by his five assistant chemists.

In considering the volume of the work acomplished by the chemists, the difficulties of analyzing and reporting on samples, attention is especially called to the analysis and reports of same on vinegar, pure apple cider, milk, gelatine, ketchup, spices, extracts, unfermented fruit juices, honeys, liquors, canned goods, confectionery, etc., especial attention has been given to these subjects.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER.

I desire, also, to call your attention to the report of H. E. Schuknecht, assistant commissioner, who has given especial attention to dairy products, oleomargarine, etc.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO PRESS.

The commissioner begs leave to make grateful acknowledgment of the valuable assistance rendered this department by the daily newspapers of Chicago and the press generally of the state, as well as the various food journals and magazines of the state, as the friendly assistance so freely given has been at all times not only a great help and assistance but an inspiration and incentive to renewed efforts to enforce the dairy and food laws with greater zeal. Their assistance in giving to the public the work accomplished by this department as well as publishing the bulletins issued from time to time, and their sympathy and approval of the difficulty performed, afforded genuine pleasure and much encouragement. The help received from these sources is incalculable, as it has built up a sentiment in the state that has done much to purify the food markets of the state, and thanks are due and hereby freely acknowledged for their sympathy and courtesies extended.

I also wish to call attention to the Principles and Tentative Standards for the food products.

GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.
I have arranged this report for publication as follows:
First-Members.

Second-Letter of Transmittal.
Third-Table of Contents.

Fourth-Report Alfred H. Jones, Commissioner.

Fifth-Report H. F. Schuknecht, Assistant Commissioner. Sixth-Report T. J. Bryan, State Analyst and of Laboratory, including tables of analyses, etc.

It has come to the attention of this department that cold storage eggs and other kinds of stored eggs and held eggs are being sold as "fresh eggs." "strictly fresh eggs, "bes eggs," and under other names leading the consumer to believe them to be fresh eggs. Eggs are a perishable food and begin to deteriorate immediately after their production. This deterioration, while not so rapid when eggs are properly stored as when they are subjected to the ordinary atmospheric conditions and changes, can nevertheless be detected. Stored eggs, held eggs and preserved eggs are sold as fresh eggs with the intention and result of perpetrating a fraud. The fraud is the same in character whether perpetrated by the cold storage man, the retailer or the farmer.

The sale of such misbranded eggs has been the subject of successful prosecution by the United States government in the District of Columbia.

The sale of misbranded eggs is clearly forbidden by the Illinois State Food Law and will subject the vendors to prosecution. A. H. JONES,

State Food Commissioner.

Chicago, January 1, 1909.

FINED FOR VIOLATING FOOD ACT. Judge Landis in the United States District Court fined the Thomson-Taylor Spice Company $200 and the Eyelin Company $100 for violations of the Pure Food Act. Rep resentatives of the spice company pleaded guilty to two charges and it was fined $100 on each charge.

The Thomson-Taylor Company is alleged to have misbranded bottles of lemon extract shipped to Kansas City grocers in two instances. In pleading guilty the company maintained that its violation of the law was merely technical and that the evil it was charged with had been remedied. The Eyelin Company was charged with misbranding a bottle of eve remedy shipped in interstate commerce to Washington, D. C. The company also maintains that its violation was technical and that it had changed its branding of bottles to conform with the law.

Two cases against Reid, Murdoch & Co. were dismissed at the direction of the Department of Agriculture, which was instrumental in bringing the cases against the firms.

INTERNATIONAL PURE FOOD CONGRESS. Consul Francis B. Keene transmits resolutions and decisions of the so-called White Cross Congress held at Geneva, Switzerland, September 8-12 for the purpose of establishing standards of purity for foods and drugs. The papers transmitted are published in French and deal with cocoa, chocolate, coffee, tea, mustard, spices, grains, bread, alimentary pastes, pastry, flour and meal, sugar, sirup, confectionery, honey, meats, mineral waters and drugs. The proceedings are on file in the bureau of manufactures and may be consulted by those interested in the subject.