XI. THE PREVENTION OF WASTE.

Reticence of Political Economy. - Definition of

Economic Waste. Twenty Sources of Waste.-

(1) Needless Railways. - (2) Needless Stores and

Manufactories.- Bureaucratic Management under

Capitalism and Socialism compared.

Advertising.

-

-

(3) Needless

Drummers.

(4) Needless

(5)

-

-

-

---

Needless Enforced Idleness. — (6) Needless Com-

mercial Crises. - (7) Needless Adulterations and

Imitations. (8) Needless Litigation. — (9) Need-

less Police and Prisons. —(10) Needless Theft and

Embezzlement. (11) Needless Intemperance.

(12) Needless Change in Fashion. (13) Needless

Luxury.-(14) Needless Charity. — (15) Needless

Inefficiency of Labor from Ignorance. - (16)

Needless Inefficiency from Indifference. – (17)

Needless Inefficiency from Want of Adaptation.

-(18) Needless Banking.—(19) Needless Insur-

ance.(20) Needless Strikes and Lock-outs.

Enormous Aggregate of Waste. - Effect of Social-

ism.

-

PAGE

284-319

CHAPTER VII

OBJECTIONS TO SOCIALISM CONSIDERED

I. AS TO THE CHARGE OF ATHEISM.

Recent Socialism Christian. · Why Atheism

Charged. Its Falsity. - Principles of Socialism

Christian. Dr. Woolsey's Admission. -

-

-

Ministers now Leaders. Mr. Cook's

sion" of Infidel Socialists.

Christian

"Proces-

Socialism honors the

II. AS TO THE CHARGE OF ANARCHISM.

Origin. Socialism distinguished from Anarchism

and Communism. - Anarchism and Individualism

One. Socialism repudiates Anarchism

Vagueness of the Word. Natural and Artificial
Inequalities. The Principle of Equality. - Theo-
cratic Equality.— Mere Equality of Chances un-
just. -The Vulgar Misrepresentation as to an
Equal Division of Property

IV. AS TO THE ABOLITION OF CAPITAL.

-

Socialism not opposed to Capital. — Public Capital

demanded. Misrepresentations

332-334

V. AS TO THE CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY.

VI.

VII.

-

Refuted by Social-

Professor Clark and

Ruskin on the Love of

Charge as made by Mr. Cook.

istic Writers and Platforms. ·

the Right of the State.

Money

-

-

-

--

PAGE

AS TO MARRIAGE AND THE HOME.

Objections as formulated by Dr. Woolsey and his

Admission. Loose Utterances not Representa-

tive. - Divorce and Unchastity under Individual-

ism. Private Capital not necessary to Family

Life.- Ability of the State to care for the Helpless.

Capitalism hinders Marriage. - Inheritance.

Its Evils. - Under Socialism. -No Analogy be-

tween Former Utopias and Socialism. - Value of

the Home. Mr. Grönlund on Family Life under

Socialism. Dr. Behrends's Criticism. His In-

consistency. Capitalism threatens the Home.

The Individual, not the Family, the Unit of Society.

-Socialism would increase the Number and Hap-

piness of Families .

-

-

-

AS TO THE EQUAL VALUE OF ALL LABOR TIME.

Objection Stated. - Absurdity of this Charge.

Dr. Woolsey and Mr. Rae on Marx. - A Glaring

Misquotation. Abstract Labor distinguished

from Concrete.-Dr. Woolsey's Strictures on Marx's

Position examined. - Misrepresentation. - Hours

of Different Concrete Labor not Equal. - How

Skilled is reduced to Simple Labor. - Socially

Necessary Labor determines Value. Present

Unjust Inequalities of Remuneration. — Men re-

warded according to Smartness. - Divine Law of

Wages.

VIII. AS TO THE IMPAIRMENT OF MOTIVES TO EXER-

TION.

-

Mr. Rae's View that Common Property is fatal to
Progress. Sixteen Reasons in Answer to this
Objection. It does not affect Principles of Social-
ism. Applicable only to Present Order. — Ad-
mission of Dr. Woolsey. - Laborer's Interest
Essential. - A False Assumption. - Interest in-
creased under Socialism. Interest of Officers.

Motive. - Each for All and All for Each. - Pro-
duction increased. Experience. - Tendency of
Capitalism. Motive to Subsistence and Riches
Different. Mr. Rae's False Assumption. - Mis-

-

339-355

355-365

conception as to State-help. The Nature of

-

State-help. Mr. Cook on State- and Self-help.
National Progress not the Supreme End. - Histori-
cal Examples of the Effects of Wealth.

IX. AS TO THE DESTRUCTION OF LIBERTY.

-

Objection formulated by Dr. Woolsey. His Wo-
ful Picture. - Mr. Rae's Refrain. — Socialism in-
sures Free Choice of Occupation. - State now
assists Pupils in Choice of Studies.-Dr. Behrends's
Sweeping Assertion.- Different Kinds of Freedom.
-Brutal Industrial Freedom. - Freedom of Social-
ism. - Governmental Regulation and Guaranty
of Freedom. - Examples. - Need of Governmental
Restraint in Industry. The Government and the
People One

X. AS TO CLASS RULE BY LABORERS.

Dr. Behrends fires upon his Friends. - No Classes

under Socialism.-All are Workers.-Dr. Behrends

refuted by his Own Authorities. Objection un-

supported.

-

XI. AS TO THE CORRUPTION OF POLITICS.

Mr. Cook on this Objection. - Based on a Miscon-

ception of Socialism. Changed Conditions of

-

-

Socialism. The Spoils System abolished. Num-

ber of Office-holders. — Corruption Money

PAGE

365-375

375-382

382-384

384-388

XII. AS TO THE OBJECTION THAT SOCIALISM IS IMPRAC-

TICABLE.

-

Strength and Weakness of this Objection.

Twelve Reasons showing the Practicability of So-

cialism. Right as against Expediency. Exam-

ples of this Stock Objection to Reform. - Justice

is Practicable. — Socialism not a Utopia. — Dr.

Woolsey's Criticisms Unfounded. — History utters

no Voice against Socialism. - Social Progress.

Solidarity. Contradictions of Individualists.

Selfishness not the only Practicable Principle.

- Communistic Societies. - Distinguished from

Socialism. Socialism opposes Idleness. - Details

not Essential. - Professor F. A. Walker on "Look-

ing Backward." - No Inteference with Privacies

of Life. — The Impracticable being realized.

Present Ideal the Future Practicability. - Histori-

cal Examples. - The Unethical Character of this

Objection. Equally Applicable to the Decalogue

or the Millennium

-

-

388-402

CHAPTER VIII

REVELATION AND OUTLOOK OF SOCIALISM

WILL SOCIALISM BE REALIZED ?

I. GROWTH AND NUMERICAL STRENGTH OF SOCIALISM.

Its Phenomenal Spread. - A World Movement.

Number of Socialists in Europe. - Rate of Increase

in Germany. In England. - In France.

In

Russia. — Nihilism Temporary. — In United States.

Labor Organizations. - The Great Meeting of

the International . .

-

II. POLITICAL GAINS OF SOCIALISM.

-

-

Extension of State Authority. — Political Progress

in Germany. — William II. Labor Congress of

1890. Socialists in the Reichstag. Increase of

Socialistic Vote. - Socialist Legislation in Eng-

land. - Mr. Sidney Webb's Summary. - Socialism

is Self-help. - Progress in France. In the United

States. The Situation Favorable. Extension

-

-

of the Functions of Government. - Professor Faw-

cett on the Political Outlook

III. INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS OF SOCIALISM.

-

Association the Essence of Socialism. — Trusts.

Association of Capital. Railroads and their

Nationalization. Oppressive Capitalistic Com-

binations. Association of Labor. - The Muster-

ing of Hostile Forces. Labor Legislation.

Farmer's Alliance. - Public Sentiment

-

-

-

IV. EDUCATIONAL FORCES SET IN THE DIRECTION OF

SOCIALISM.

-

-

-

(1) Political Economy changing Front. - The New

School Socialistic. The Science in Europe.

Conservatism of American Economists Yielding.

Natural and Artificial Monopolies. - Professor

Ely on the Business Function of Government.

Logic of Professor F. A. Walker's Admissions.

The Revolution of Economic Philosophy in Ger-

many. (2) Schools and Colleges. Interest in

Sociology. Political Economy in Schools. — In-

dustrial Schools in Europe. - Sociologists and

Socialist Professors in Colleges. (3) Socialistic

Publications. - Educational Influence. Socialist

Newspapers in the United States. The Nation-

alist Magazine. - The New Nation. Nation-

PAGE

403-411

412-425

66

alist Clubs.- Socialist Publications in England.

(4) New Books. - The Attitude of the Press.

Progress and Poverty."-" Looking Backward."

"Modern Socialism." Favorable Tone of

Newspapers and Magazines

V. THE NEW ETHICS AND SOCIALISM.

-

Progress of Ethical Ideas. Fraternity. - Effects
of Steam. Solidarity of Society. - Essence of Re-
ligion. Progress of the Conception of Brother-
hood. Its Political and Social Recognition.
Opposed to Individualism. - Christian Ministers

-

-

-

indorsing Socialism. — Theological Seminaries.

Reverend Drs. Hale, Gladden, and Abbott. - The

New Ethics in Europe

PAGE

432-445

445-452

CHAPTER IX

WHAT OUGHT TO BE DONE ABOUT IT

I. SOCIALISM OUGHT TO BE INTRODUCED GRADUALLY.

Social Reform a Growth. Feudalism gave Way

-

-

Gradually. Natural Monopolies socialized First.
- Only Peaceful Methods employed

II. CAPITALISTS OUGHT TO REGARD SOCIALISM WITH

FAVOR.

-

Wealth not an Unmixed Blessing.-Private Wealth
against the Commonwealth. - (1) Something must
be done. Reform or War. (2) Mental Suffer-
ing of Capitalists. - Suicides. - The Ordeal of
Financial Trouble and Failure. Number of Fail-
ures. (3) Personal Danger of the Rich. Oppres-
sion of Anxiety and Fear. Annoyance from So-
licitations and Beggars. (4) Riches make False
Promises. Testimony of Rich Men. Of the
Scriptures

III. OUR COUNTRY SHOULD MAKE HASTE SLOWLY IN

THE ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH.

Wealth in the United States. - Increase. — Immi-
gration. Not Numbers but Character needed.
The Conspiracy against the Republic. - False Idea
of Civilization. - Danger of Luxury

IV. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OUGHT TO ESPOUSE THE

CAUSE OF SOCIALISM.

Christianity and the Social Question.- The Roots

of Capitalism. - Christ the Author of the Assump-

456-462

463-466