""elate, evade.

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end, pet. The characters ě, ā, and ȧ are used for ä in German, as in Gärtner, Gräfe, Hähnel, to the values of which they are the nearest English vowel sounds. The sound of Swedish ä is also indicated by ě.

fern, her, and as i in sir. Also for ö, oe, in German, as in Göthe, Goethe, Ortel, Oertel, and for eu and oeu in French, as in Neufchâtel, Crèvecœur; to which it is the nearest English vowel sound.

agency, judgment, where it is of a neutral or obscure quality.

ice, quiet.

quiescent.

ill, fit.

old, sober.

"obey, sobriety.

"" orb, nor.

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66

odd, forest, not.

atom, carol, where it has a neutral or obscure quality.

oil, boil, and for eu in German, as in

Feuerbach.

food, fool, and as u in rude, rule.

house, mouse.

use, mule.

unite.

cut, but.

full, put, or as oo in foot, book. Also for i in German, as in München, Müller, and u in French, as in Buchez, Budé; to which it is the nearest English vowel sound.

urn, burn.

yet, yield.

the Spanish Habana, Cordóba, where it is like a v made with the lips alone, instead of with the teeth and lips. "" chair, cheese.

hw" wh in which. Ich in the German ich, Albrecht, and g in the German Arensberg, Mecklenburg; where it is a fricative sound made between the tongue and the hard palate toward which the tongue is raised. It resembles the sound of h in hue, or y in yet; or the sound made by beginning to pronounce a k, but not completing the stoppage of the breath. The character K is also used to indicate the rough aspirates or fricatives of some of the Oriental languages, as of kh in the word Khan. n as in sinker, longer. sing, long.

zh as ≈ in azure, and s in pleasure.

An apostrophe ['] is sometimes used to denote a glide or neutral connecting vowel, as in tā'b'l (table), kăz”m (chasm).

Otherwise than as noted above, the letters used in the respellings for pronunciation are to receive their ordinary English sounds.

When the pronunciation is sufficiently shown by indicating the accented syllables, this is done without respelling; as in the case of very common English words, and words which are so spelled as to insure their correct pronunciation if they are correctly accented. See the article on PRONUN

CIATION.