Increase in the budget estimate over the appropriation base
Obligations under this activity include salaries and other expenses for the detention, depor-
tation and parole of aliens. This activity begins at the time an order to show cause is served
upon an alien and continues until deportation is effected or proceedings are otherwise terminated.
The legal and obligatory responsibilities include:
(1) Conducting hearings in the cases of aliens alleged to be in the United
States unlawfully;
(2) Issuing and executing warrants of deportation;
(3) Procurement of travel documents and transportation facilities;
(4) Custody of aliens under deportation proceedings, removal proceedings or
pending determination of admissibility; their care, maintenance, hospi-
talization, etc.;
(5) Release of aliens from custody under recognizance or bond or supervision,
imposing reasonable restrictions, and exercise of control to determine
compliance therewith;
(6) Removal of aliens from the United States;
(7) Transportation of aliens from one point to another within the
United States while under deportation or other removal proceedings;
(8) Guarding aliens while being transported or while in detention;
The operation and maintenance of detention facilities;
Verification of departure of aliens if removed under deportation or similar processes.
Previous Year Performance
Continued attention is being given to procedures by which aliens in this country in
an illegal status may be promptly expelled, and deterred from illegal reentry. When satisfactory
assurances of the capability and intent to depart are obtained, many deportable aliens are allowed to
depart without formal proceedings. In those cases where the alien lacks funds with which to depart,
lacks the documents necessary for entry into another country, or is unable to establish a genuine
intent to promptly depart, formal deportation proceedings are instituted.
As predicted, the number of aliens formally deported increased in the fiscal year 1961, over the
previous year when a decrease occurred. The number of persons required to depart decreased at a rate
considerably less than in recent years principally as a result of the increase in the number of aliens
apprehended as explained in Section 4 under Border Patrol.
Efforts to cope with the problem presented by crewmen desertions and to effect the expulsion
of all classes of aliens in illegal status promptly before they have acquired "equities" as a result
of mere continued illegal presence in this country, have been highly successful. This program
constitutes a significant deterrent to repeated attempts to gain residence in this country by illegal
Criminal, irmoral, narcotic, and subversive cases. 677 aliens were deported on criminal, immoral,
or narcotic charges and 6 were deported on subversive charges or were aliens with subversive back-
ground.
On April 4, 1961, Carlos Marcello, famed New Orleans racketeer and kingpin, was deported to
This culminated an eight year effort by the government to expel him. His abuse of the
legal process to frustrate enforcement of the order of deportation had previously been successful.
However, in his suit before the High Tribunal of Rome, which asked for a declaration of non-citizenship
of Italy, he had furnished the authorities abroad a birth certificate reflecting that he was a native
of Guatemala. As soon as this came to light, his deportation became possible. However, he surrep-
titiously returned to the United States and on June 5, 1961, he was again taken into Service custody
for deportation purposes. He was released on two bonds of $10,000 each pending deportation and criminal
proceedings for illegal entry. He has also been indicted on charges of perjury in an affidavit submitted
to the United States District Court, District of Columbia, and conspiracy to defraud the Government.
Michele Abati, former member of the Detroit Purple Gang and a member of the organized crime syndi-
cate in California, was finally deported to Italy on July 8, 1961. This ended his seven-year fight
against deportation.
Subversive aliens deported during the year included Panagiotis Veliotis, who served as
Executive Secretary of the OENO, the Communist controlled and dominated Federation of Greek
Maritime Unions.
Veliotis had entered the United States illegally in 1948. After intensive
investigations, he was located and arrested by Service investigators on February 14, 1961, and
deported to Czechoslovakia on March 2, 1961.
Deported to Poland on August 26, 1960, was Zeny Grzelewski, former Literature Agent for the
Communist Party, West Side Section, Detroit, Michigan. Deported on subversive grounds were Hamish
Scott MacKay, a Canadian citizen and Willia Nuikkanen, of Finland. In each instance, the deporta-
tion charge was premised on membership in the Communist Party. These expulsions finally brought
to an end proceedings which were contested administratively and in the courts for many years.
Deportation of Mentally or Physically Ill Aliens. The Service airplane which is especially
equipped with medical facilities to cope with the in-flight needs of mental patients continues to
play an important role in the return of mentally ill aliens to their homeland. It is also used to
return criminal deportees for whom commercial transportation is difficult to obtain. During the
fiscal year 1961, 49 mentally incompetent aliens were deported or removed by the Service aircraft.
in institutions in the United States had already cost over $228,000. Had they continued
to remain in these institutions for the extent of their life expectancy, the anticipated public expenditure in their behalf would have exceeded $2,000,000.
In addition to the mentally incompetent,
the Service aircraft transported overseas 125 other aliens being deported or removed from the United
States. On return flights, the plane carried refugees and United States citizens who had become 111
or stranded abroad and were being returned to the United States by the Department of State.
Expulsion of Aliens to Mexico.
Transportation by contract airlift to Mexico of 6,543 violators
of the immigration laws was accomplished last fiscal year. These movements were staged from the
detention facility at McAllen, Texas, and terminated at Leon Guanajuato.
Also 3,565 violators were assembled at the detention station at El Paso, Texas, moved to Presidio,
Texas, by bus, and transferred to trains at Ojinaga, Mexico, provided by the Mexican Government for
transportation south into Mexico.
Private Bills. The 2,207 bills introduced during the fiscal year 1961 represent a 12% increase
over the fiscal year 1959, which includes a comparable first session of Congress. The major source
of private bills continues to be oversubscribed quotas, such as the quota for Italy, the quota for
Chinese persons, the quota for Greece, and the quota for Poland. A survey of bills introduced in the
1st session of the 87th Congress reveals that 75% are designed to permit the immigration of aliens to
whom quota numbers are not available. In contrast to the 2,207 introduced during the fiscal year 1961
are the 151 bills enacted, 60% less than the fiscal year 1959. This contrast is greater when compared
to prior years in the following table:
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