offer the more hopeful prospects for rehabilitation, and an investment in them is more likely to pay real dividends in the reduction of crime. In this connection I wish to express the Department's appreciation for the $500,000 authorized by this committee last year for the experimental "halfway house" projects for youths in the Federal prison system. From every present indication, the experiment has been an unqualified success. Sixty-five young men have been residents in the three centers-in Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York. Counseling, recreational, and vocational assistance programs have been established for them and have been effective. To typify the progress made at these centers let me tell you about a youth who went to the Chicago guidance center from our institution at Chillicothe.

From the start, he displayed considerable resentment and hostility toward authority, particularly the staff, his probation officer, and his employer. Although he was involved in no serious rules violations, he presented continual problems.

After about a month, however, he began to talk out much of his hostility at the center's group counseling sessions. The other youths helped him see the causes of his resentment and by the time of his release, he had developed closer relationships with several members of the staff and his probation officer. Shortly before his release his employer reported a dramatic change in the youth's attitudes. His work habits had improved noticeably and he was being considered for a promotion to a job with more responsibility and more pay.

Admittedly, this is one of the more dramatic instances of success so far, but it is true that many of the youths have made significant gains. The probation officers in all three cities have reported to us that "graduates" of the guidance centers go back to society with a much more positive and realistic attitude than do youths released directly from institutions.

I visited the halfway house in Los Angeles just before it opened. It had been renovated by prisoners from Terminal Island. These men worked with unusual zeal to get the job finished in a week. Many expressed the wish that such a center had been in existence when they were young.

These are only preliminary indications. The real test will be in the comparative return-to-prison rate between the two groups.

If the present progress is any indication, however, I think the $500,000 authorized for this purpose by this committee last year will turn out to be one of the best investments in this area ever made by the Government in saving people as well as money.

In conclusion I would like to say, Mr. Chairman, that I found my first year in the Department of Justice to be a gratifying and rewarding experience in every way. I have visited with more than 40 U.S. attorneys outside of Washington. At these meetings, we have conferred with all Federal law enforcement agency heads in the particular area to coordinate our work and make it more effective. I would say that I have been impressed tremendously by the caliber of the career employees in the Department of Justice. The Department has an excellent staff of dedicated and skilled employees and I feel it is a privilege to be associated with them. We have great problems and, as I said earlier, one of them is in the retaining of the more

talented people in all lines of endeavor. But we have made significant progress, in my opinion, and I submit our budget request to you with strong hope for the future.

Now I shall be glad to answer any questions.

CALIBER OF CAREER EMPLOYEES OF DEPARTMENT

Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Attorney General, when you say you have been impressed tremendously by the caliber of the career employees of the Department of Justice, I might say that on my recent visit to the west coast, Honolulu, and the Far East, I was very much impressed by the caliber of our people in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Immigration and Naturalization Service. They stand out as people of capability, and they certainly know their business.

Mr. KENNEDY. Looking back over my first year-as I said, I have been to many of these cities, and I met, I should think, with about 95 percent of all the attorneys of the Department of Justice here in Washington at various times, individually and in groups-the most singularly impressive thing to me is the caliber and the dedication of the career employees-the ones who have spent a great deal of time in the service, and who in my judgment receive very little credit for the effort that they put in, the kind of work they accomplish, and their dedication to their tasks. I have been most impressed.

NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL

Mr. ROONEY. At pages 12 and 13 with regard to the Bureau of Prisons, you make reference to the National Training School out here on Bladensburg Road. What are the plans with regard to that? Do you plan to dispose of that property or improve it?

Mr. KENNEDY. I think we shall try to start the institution in Indiana. We have asked for $250,000 to make a plan to see if we could open up an institution out in Indiana which would

Mr. ROONEY. That is the Terre Haute institution?

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes.

Mr. ROONEY. What would you do with this valuable property out here on Bladensburg Road?

Mr. KENNEDY. I think that is to be turned over to the Government, is that not true?

Mr. ANDRETTA. Yes.

Mr. ROONEY. Has this been firmed up yet?

Mr. ANDRETTA. It is firmed up to the point that Mr. Bennett wants to develop plans for a new institution. He has come to the point now that, instead of getting legislation and using the proceeds, we are going to turn it over to the Government and let the Government dispose of the proceeds.

Mr. KENNEDY. I think there has been a question back and forth for a number of years whether we would sell the property and use the proceeds to build a new institution, which I understand was the position of the Department of Justice for a number of years. That did not work out satisfactorily. We have not been able to work it out. So now the plan is to ask for an appropriation to build a new institution, at least to develop plans, and this will be turned over to

the Government for them to dispose of and the money will go back into the Treasury.

Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Sikes?

(Off the record.)

CUBAN REFUGEES

Mr. SIKES. In Florida we have a very particular problem in that a great many Cubans are in the Miami area, they are refugees from their own country, and they are finding it difficult to make a good livelihood. Those in the professions are unable in most instances to practice in their own professions. We know Cuba needs them and once order is restored and a sound government is reestablished in that country they will want to go back. In the meantime it is a definite problem and a particular problem for my State and for the Federal Government. We try to be as helpful as we can.

I would like you to comment on this problem insofar as the Department of Justice is concerned with it and what you are doing to meet it.

Mr. KENNEDY. We have had a number of conferences and meetings, Congressman, with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Secretary Ribicoff. He, in about February or March of last year, was given the major share of responsibility to assist these people. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Immigration and Naturalization Service have a responsibility insofar as security is concerned.

Over 70,000 of these refugees are in this country now, most of them in the Miami area. It poses a considerable problem. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has been working very hard on it. We have had some meetings in the last week. The Immigration and Naturalization Service will increase its share of the responsibility-increase the interrogation-so that the United States and the Government will have more knowledge as to the kind and type of people who are coming out and what the situation is in Cuba itself.

This is going to be a continuing problem. We have heard a number of the people who have come out have been sent out by the Communists to determine what is going on with the Cubans.

Mr. SIKES. I had intended to discuss that particular problem. How do you deal with it?

Mr. KENNEDY. We send them back. Where we have any question, we keep them in detention camps. They can always leave. They are not kept there against their will, but we have felt that until we are sure they do not pose a security risk we should keep them there. We try to have people in this country who know them vouch for them where we have any question. We go through their background and where they have been connected with the Communists we try to find out what their attitude is. A number will come out and say: "We were strongly pro-Castro until the last 6 months and we have switched." We have to be genuinely convinced they have switched.

Mr. SIKES. What is the actual status of the refugees from Cuba? Mr. KENNEDY. They have a special status here. They come in the United States and they can stay. It is somewhat the same as in the case of the Hungarian refugees.

Mr. SIKES. There is no time limit?

Mr. KENNEDY. That is right. They have a special status.
Mr. ROONEY. The same as the Hungarian refugees?

Mr. KENNEDY. That is right.

Mr. SIKES. How do you keep them from being converted, without benefit of legality, into a permanent status in this country?

Mr. KENNEDY. You mean insofar as the Cubans are concerned?
Mr. SIKES. Yes, or anybody else?

Mr. KENNEDY. I think steps were taken with the permission of Congress

Mr. SIKES. A sort of an open-end situation? What happened in the case of the Hungarians?

Mr. KENNEDY. Most of those who came to the United States became citizens. Insofar as Cuba is concerned, I think the American people have felt that it is a great problem.

Mr. SIKES. I do not quarrel with the decision, I think it is the only thing to do, but it is an undetermined matter for the time being? Mr. KENNEDY. That is correct.

Mr. SIKES. Do they have freedom to move anywhere they want to in the United States?

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, they do.

Mr. SIKES. Is any thought being given to efforts to encourage them to move into other areas where they might more readily find employment?

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes. We are working very hard at that. That is particularly under the control of Secretary Ribicoff. We have a group down there under him which is working to place these people around the country.

One of the problems, as you know very well. Congressman, is that they come out and they want to go back to Cuba. They want to stay near where they can go back to Cuba. They feel if they go to Des Moines or elsewhere they will lose that chance. And they want to stay near their friends and with people who speak Spanish. For that reason they stay as near Cuba as they can. We are making an effort to move as many as possible to other States of the country but by and large they want to stay in Miami.

Mr. ROONEY. And by staying close to Cuba in Florida they make a terrific and expensive impact on the school systems, both public and private?

Mr. KENNEDY. That is correct.

PROPOSED NEW YOUTH INSTITUTION

Mr. SIKES. You mentioned the need for an additional youth institution. You are speaking not only of the National Training School but you want an additional youth institution?

Mr. WHITE. The Terre Haute Institution is in addition to a replacement for the National Training School.

Mr. SIKES. But it is not a part of the National Training School?
Mr. KENNEDY. No, it is in addition.

Mr. SIKES. Have you given any thought to the use of existing installations, such as military installations no longer required by the Government, for this purpose? I realize that as a rule they do not

have security facilities but they have all other facilities and for a youth institution I would not think you would need to go as far in security facilities as in other prisons. So there could be considerable saving to the Government by the use of some surplus military installations for this purpose. Have you looked into that?

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes. We hope to open one in Florida in connection with the prisoners we pick up there who are less dangerous. I think it is Eglin.

Mr. SIKES. Eglin Air Force Base.

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, Eglin Field. We are working that out with the military.

Mr. ŠIKES. The Government can save money that way and use some areas that are admirably adaptable to this purpose.

That is all, Mr. Chairman.

NEW PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL

Mr. ROONEY. Of course the history of this new psychiatric hospital is that 2 years ago we had a request for such an institution and turned it down with a report suggesting that the Bureau of Prisons seek a suitable facility from the facilities being then declared surplus by the military. The Bureau reported last year a military installation that would fit the need could not be found.

Mr. WHITE. For psychiatric treatment. That is different from the new youth institution.

Mr. ROONEY. Last year in our report we stated:

A total of $2,350,000 was requested for this item (buildings and facilities). All of the request has been approved with the exception of $550,000 for advance planning for a new medical center. The committee feels that the Bureau of Prisons should thoroughly explore the possibility of obtaining a suitable facility from the many facilities being declared surplus by the armed services.

And in allowing $1,800,000, the committee set forth the various amounts allotted in connection with the five or six projects.

Mr. KENNEDY. We find, of course, where security is important or where it is something as specialized as a psychiatric institution that it is more difficult to find a military installation to meet the need. Where it is a youth institution or where the security is easier to work out, it is less difficult.

Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Magnuson?

Mr. MAGNUSON. Are you going to Russia, Mr. Attorney General? Mr. KENNEDY. I do not know, Mr. Congressman. I have not made any arrangements to go.

COSTRUCTION

Mr. MAGNUSON. You have budgeted $2,125,000 for increased construction. Does that include the Bureau of Prisons?

Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, mostly in the Bureau of Prisons.

COMMUNIST PARTY REGISTRATION

Mr. MAGNUSON. I think all officers of the Communist Party are required to register as well as individual officers of the Communist Party?