哈哈哈

哈

T

HE reaction to Archibald Rutledge's article "A Southerner Views Lincoln" revealed the fact that there are still extant a number of unreconstructed Southerners and an equal number of unyielding Yankees. But it also showed on the part of more moderate people appreciation of his effort to present a more human view of Lincoln. Mr. Rutledge tells us that most of the criticism has come from the South, where some people thought he was entirely too gentle in his view. A great deal of criticism came from the North, charging Mr. Rutledge with maligning a great figure. Mrs. E. R. Hanford, Boise, Idaho, for in

"A Northern Woman," writing from Clark's Green, Pa., says:

I have been much impressed and sometimes filled with admiration when I read the word pictures painted by Archibald Rutledge.

What astonishes me is that a man who appreciates God's world as he evidently does, also His goodness and guiding care could write as he did.

He speaks of the "tragic pity that President Lincoln refused to receive the confederate commissioners in 1861." It was all a tragic pity. All war is. We must hope to learn by the mistakes of the past. If politics and political methods could be left out of such questions of right and wrong, how much happier the world would be. Colonel Rutledge was right. "Old Abe had a tough job." When I think of all the suffering of those pre-war days, of the race we have with us who are still suffering -well on the whole I am glad A. R. wrote the article. We learn from the past, we have need to learn.

I do wish Mr. Rutledge would give us his idea of slavery. Would he dare?

I fail to see why the term Great Emancipator is one of opprobrium.

I am sorry for Lincoln. It was such an awful burden. I'm still proud that he freed the slaves.

LINCOLN'S INTELLECT AND HEART Paul Cornell, New York City, presents his view:

Life long students of history who are able to view past events dispassionately, cannot help but be amused by the article "A Southerner Views Lincoln." One's point of view usually is colored by the emotions. Mr. Rutledge is no exception to this rule. In the beginning of his article he says: that without detracting from Lincoln's greatness he hopes that his article will humanize him.

The humanizing of Lincoln seems to have been going on for the past fifty years and is the one thing that has never been doubted.

...

Mr. Rutledge quotes Lee as saying "Secession is nothing but revolution. The Constitution is intended for perpetual union, so expressed in the preamble and for the establishment of a government (not a compact) which can only be dissolved by revolution, or by the consent of all the people in convention assembled."

Then in quoting Lincoln in his first inaugural, “I hold that in contemplation of universal law and the constitution, the union of these states is perpetual." "Such a view was his own." Obviously Lincoln's view coincided and was the same to all practical purposes as Lee's. Mr. Rutledge said Lincoln chose war. It is certainly true that Lincoln did not agree with Greeley in letting the erring sisters depart in peace. He only chose war because, as he says in his second inaugural, "Both parties deprecated war but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive and the other would accept war rather than let it perish." To the impartial student of history, Lincoln could not do otherwise than attempt to put down what Robert E. Lee himself said was anarchy.

Mr. Rutledge seemed to feel it a tragic pity that Lincoln refused to see the Confederate Commissioners in '61. As Lincoln did not recognize the Confederate government, how could he receive their ambassadors?

The South believes that the 1865 Lincoln was a different man than the one of 1860, that he had grown in compassion, yet in 1862 he wrote to Cuthbert Bullet "I shall do nothing in malice, what I deal with is too vast for malicious dealing." Lincoln was one of those rare individuals whose heart was too big for rancour.

It is hard to believe that much of Lincoln's secret sorrow and grieving came from a genuine consciousness "That the South had been made the pitiful victim of a gigantic and ghastly mistake." The only thing that he probably thought was that the South was greatly mistaken and he had the true compassion of any real liberal for an erring brother.

Mr. Rutledge gives Lincoln credit for being great of

heart. He says nothing about his truly amazing intellect. To-day Lincoln serves as a model of the finest type of statesmanship the world has ever known. Lincoln had a passion for knowledge and logic, a passion for justice and the will that he embodied in the simple phrase: “I am not bound to win but I am bound to be true; I am not bound to succeed, but I am bound to live up to what light I have."

TEN MORE GENERATIONS

Sir: Especially concerning the assertion that Lincoln's kindliness, and magnanimity toward the South was the result of remorse for having precipitated the War: as the Chicago Tribune points out, Lincoln was elected in November, South Carolina seceded on December 20, all the Southern states, including Texas, had done likewise by February, formed a Government, and elected a President. A final resolution looking to a compromise with the South had failed through the lack of six Southern votes. Precipitated the War? War was inevitable; it is doubtful if even another spineless Buchanan could have delayed it.

Nicolay is quoted from twice, but not the pages he devotes to Lincoln's plan for gradual emancipation and compensation. This project had first failed in the Delaware Legislature by one vote; it had passed the House, but in the Senate, composed of nine members, five of whom were Southern sympathizers, it lost. From there it was carried into Congress by Lincoln, who had first urged it as early as '47, when in Congress. The President pointed out that the cost of the War then, '62, for eightyseven days would not exceed the outlay involved in compensating slave-owners for their property at the rate of three hundred dollars per capita. This would include, for a beginning, all the slaves in all the Border States, and upon their Representatives in Congress who ignored it rests the responsibility for the continuance of the War after the spring of '62.

Sherman's march through Georgia was "hell," of course. But didn't Early dash up and burn Chambersburg? No doubt Pennsylvania would have suffered as Georgia, had there been strength and therefore opportunity.

Possibly ten generations hence the North and South may agree about Lincoln. But not yet. Oregon, Ill.

HARLAN B. KAUFFMAN.

A VIRGINIA CONGRESSMAN APPLAUDS

I have read with interest and admiration your article on Mr. Lincoln in the last SCRIBNER'S. Lincoln has such an assured position that it is idle for anyone to assert that the time will ever come when he will not be reckoned among the greatest of Americans.

I think you are exactly right in attributing to Lincoln responsibility for the war, and you are certainly correct in assuming that he determined the action in Virginia by his call for troops in 1861. Previous to that, the Virginia Convention had been resolutely against secession.

With reference to the mistake he made in the Fort Sumter transaction, I do not believe the facts are anywhere so convincingly presented as in the life of Judge John Archibald Campbell by Judge H. G. Connor. As you know, Judge Campbell opposed the war as unwarranted from every point of view, and destined from the very beginning to prove a disastrous defeat for the south, and he made an effort to avert it which might have been successful except for Mr. Lincoln.

I have often thought that the circumstances of a man's birth and death greatly influence the opinion in which he is held. The attention of the world has been attracted to the fact that Lincoln became what he was in spite of his lowly birth and unfavorable early environment, and by the further fact that at the very height of his achievements he was the victim of an assassin. Had Mr. Wilson been murdered in Rome, when he was being acclaimed by everybody, and covered with flowers, he would have passed into history as a superman. House of Representatives, R. WALTON MOORE. Washington, D. C.

AND A UNION VETERAN

I am an old, a very old man; I entered West Point in 1858; in my class was Jim Hamilton of your native state, a blue eyed mighty good fellow. I graduated in 1862 and served through the War.

Excuse this personal note.-I have just read your article in the February SCRIBNER'S and I want to say to you that I think it is the truest, the best, the profoundest estimate of Lincoln that has been made, and told with gentleness, conviction and charity.

“NANCY HANKS”

Thanks are due the editor who had the good judgment to publish Katherine Garrison Chapin's "Nancy Hanks," which appeared in the February SCRIBNER's.

In simplicity, dignity and appropriateness of form and style it ranks with the Gettysburg Address.

Its touching lines suggest the source of every phase of Lincoln's many sided character.

And where, in English literature, is there anything to excell the poignant beauty of the figure in that last verse?

"How could she know the stars stood watching—
Watching-pressed back against the sky,"

The women of America should see to it that this matchless tribute to motherhood is inscribed in bronze and given a place of honor in the Lincoln Memorial. 600 S. Western Ave., GEO. S. EDDY.

DOCTOR MAYO

Doctor Charles H. Mayo, famous Rochester, Minn., physician, writes:

Thank you for sending me the February number of SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE. I enjoyed Doctor C. Ward Crampton's article on "Prophetic Medicine" as well as the other articles.

It is very gratifying to note that the publishers of monthly magazines are realizing the importance of educating the public as well as entertaining it, and you need have no fear of publishing too much along the lines of preventive medicine.

HERE ENDETH

Colonel Sir Charles Close, of Coytbury, St. Giles's Hill, Winchester, England, concludes the controversy on "They Stand, Those Halls" very aptly:

With reference to the remarks on page 264f, of SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE of February 1928, on the subject of the line, "They stand those halls of Sion," perhaps you will permit me to draw your attention to the original source.

In 1858 the Rev. J. M. Neale, warden of Sackville College, published a free translation of the poem, “De Contemptu Mundi" which had been written by Bernard de Morlaix, monk of Cluny, in the first half of the twelfth century. Although Bernard was a monk of Cluny he was of English birth. This, and more information with regard to the poem, and its writer, will be found in the introduction to Mr. Neale's translation.

If you have room in "What You Think About It," I shall appreciate it if you will print the following comment on Struthers Burt's article on prohibition and Wyoming. The paragraph is quoted from an editorial in the Cheyenne Tribune-Leader, under the caption, "Mr. Burt is all wet'.'

"Mr. Burt's conclusion that there is lots of 'liquor' in Wyoming and lots of persons who drink it is correct, but his estimate of prohibition sentiment in the state appears to have been prejudiced by his environment-a 'dude ranch' the clientele of which is chiefly 'wet' Easterners. If he, or anybody else, desired to ascertain accurately just how 'dry' Wyoming sentiment is it may be done by getting an avowedly 'wet' candidate to run for a state or congressional office."

In your "Behind the Scenes" for March you state that L. V. Jacks was in Battery E, 119th Field Artillery of the Third Division. I was a lieutenant in this battery and it was in the Thirty-Second Division (Red Arrow).

In the article "Artillery Duel at Montfaucon" Jacks only mentions two guns. There are four guns in a battery. I had charge of the other two guns and we pulled alongside and blazed away.

So it is not accurate to say as he does in his article that Lieutenant Hale was the sole surviving officer at the guns of Battery E. I lived to compute all the firing data for Battery E during the entire Argonne offensive.

I am sure you desire to print an article of this kind accurate as to all details if possible. I am not looking for glory but I do not wish to be killed at Montfaucon. JOHN MACNEISH

(formerly Lieutenant Sandy MacNeish, Battery E, 119th F. A., 32nd Division)

Mr. Jacks in his reply says "MacNeish is right on both points." We may interject here that the first error was ours. Mr. Jacks continues:

The sentence remarking that Lieutenant Hale was the sole surviving officer of E battery on the field is an error: it had been called to my attention earlier but I'm sorry to say it escaped me.

MacNeish was very active all day (I was talking to him during the fight-while carrying wounded to an aid station), and for many days thereafter, and all our men were very glad he was so. He deserves every credit for his coolness and courage.

I hope it can be arranged to print a note to that effect: for he was well liked both as an officer and a man, and I couldn't wish to see him the victim of this error. L. V. JACKS.

H

ERE are the answers to nine of the last ten questions of the forum on American art. Since space will not permit us to publish the list of 500 American artists this month, the answer to Question 80 will be published in the Club Corner for June.

71. Etching, distinctive from other artistic mediums, is the art of line. Among the best-known American etchers are: Childe Hassam, John Sloan, Charles Platt, George Plowman, William Auerbach Levy, Cadwallader Washburn, B. J. O. Nordfeldt, Ralph Pearson, Ernest D. Roth, Lee Randolph, Benjamin C. Brown, Howell Brown, Armin Hansen, Roi Partridge, Anne Goldthwaite, Loren Barton, Troy Kinney, George Wharton Edwards, and Perham Nahl. The print-makers, lithographers, and illustrators of the United States rank with those of any foreign country.

72. The ultramodernist tendencies seem to be a breaking away from all tradition, a seeking for something different, and a more determined effort at self-expression. Henry James declares that art grows by discussion, experiment, curiosity, disagreement, and the exchange of views. If this is so, then the ultramodernists must have made great progress. They have gained the eye of the public at exhibitions; they have been instrumental in bringing greater freedom into the work of the conservative. The ultramodernists are seen in the greatest number in the Independent Exhibition in New York City. The most representative collection of the entire movement is that of the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia. The American extremists are: Man Ray, Willard Nash, John Marin, Georgia O'Keeffe, Henrietta Shore, Raymond Jonson, Dodge MacKnight, T. H. Benton, Andrew Dasburg, Charles Sheeler, Morgan Russell, and C. E. Milne. The Arts presents the ultramodern phase more persistently than any other magazine. "The Primer of Modern Art" is a logical and clear presentation of the movement.

73. Some of the best-known art critics in America are: Royal Cortissoz, W. H. Downes, Henry McBride, Sheldon Cheney, Walter Pach, Elizabeth Cary, Lena McCauley, Ralph Flint, and Leila Mechlin. Cortissoz is the author of several books on art, and writes regularly for the New York Tribune, and the Field of Art in SCRIBNER'S is conducted by him. W. H. Downes has written several good books-exhaustive lives of Winslow Homer and John Singer Sargent, and does work for the Boston Transcript. Sheldon Cheney writes critical articles for various magazines, and has two splendid books to his credit. Walter Pach writes for different magazines, is the translator of Elie Faure's "History of Art," and the author of "Masters of Modern Art." Leila Mechlin is the editor of the American Magazine of Art, and the art critic for the Washington, D. C., Star. Lena McCauley writes for the Chicago Evening Post, and Ralph Flint

writes for the Christian Science Monitor. Among the best art magazines are: American Magazine of Art, Art and Archæology, Arts and Decorations, Creative Art, International Studio and Connoisseur, The Art News, Art Digest, The Arts; and on the Pacific coast, The Argus. Several of the general magazines carry art sections. SCRIBNER'S, The Dial, The Mentor, Vanity Fair, and Vogue have regular art sections. There are occasional articles of importance in Harper's, World's Work, Review of Reviews, The Literary Digest, and the Atlantic Monthly. Sixty-nine newspapers in the United States carry art sections.

74. There are many art schools in America; among the best known are: Boston Museum School; Rhode Island School of Design; National Academy of Design Free School, Art Students' League, Beaux-Art Institute in New York City, and Pratt Institute in Brooklyn; School of Industrial Arts of the Pennsylvania Museum, and The Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia; Corcoran School of Art in Washington, D. C.; Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh; Cleveland School of Art, Art Academy in Cincinnati; Art Institute of Chicago, the largest in America with an enrolment of more than 3,000; School of Fine Arts, St. Louis; Kansas City Art Institute; Denver Academy; California School of Fine Arts, San Francisco; and the Otis Art Institute of Los Angeles. There are art colonies and summer schools in: Provincetown and Gloucester, Mass.; Monhegan, Prouts Neck, and Boothbay, Maine; Lyme and Silver Mine, Conn.; West Chester, Pa.; Taos and Sante Fe, New Mexico; La Jolla, Laguna Beach, Monterey, and Carmel-by-the-Sea, in California. Among the well-known instructors in painting are: Philip Hale, Edmund C. Tarbell, Charles Hawthorne, Henry Snell, Robert Henri, George Luks, John Sloan, Hugh Breckinridge, Joseph T. Pearson, Henry S. Hubbell, Edmund H. Wuerpel, Arthur Mathews, Lee Randolph, E. Spencer Macky, and many more. Among the instructors in sculpture are: Hermon MacNeil, Robert Aitken, John Gregory, James E. Fraser, Charles Grafly, Carl A. Heber, Arthur Lee, Leo Lentelli, Lorado Taft, and Clement J. Barnhorn. The American Institute of Architects is the most important architectural society in America. Among well-known architects are: John Russell Pope, Cass Gilbert, Myron Hunt, John Galen Howard, Ralph Adams Cram, Harvey W. Corbett, Egerton Swartwout, Howard Shaw, W. A. Delano, David Allison, James Allison, William Faville, Louis Mulgardt, Bernard R. Maybeck, Welles Bosworth, Chas. A. Platt, Chester H. Aldrich, and Henry Hornbostel. America's distinctive gift to architecture lies in three varieties: the skyscraper; commercial and industrial buildings; banks, hotels, railway-stations, and bridges. Pittsburgh is planning a skyscraper university.

75. The Prix de Rome is a competitive scholarship, awarded annually, and carrying with it a three-years' residence for study in Rome. Some of the Prix de Rome painters are: Paul Chalfin, R. Bate, Russell Cowles, A.