Tin, ore or metal (after July 1, 1893), 4c. per lb. Tobacco, all other leaf, if stemmed, 50c. per lb. Trees, nursery stock, 20 per cent. Trimmings, lace, 60 per cent. Wicks and Wicking, cotton, 40 per cent. Willow for basketmakers, 30 per cent. Wines, champagne, in 1-2 pint bottles or less, $2 per doz. Woods, cabinet, sawed, 15 per cent. Wool, first and second class, 11 and 12c. per lb. Wool or Worsted Yarns, valuo not over 30c. per lb., 27 1-2c. per lb. and 35 per cent. Wool or Worsted Yarns, over 30c. and not over 40c., 33c. per lb. and 35 per cent. Wool or Worsted Yarns, over 40c., 38 1-2c. per lb. and 40 per cent. Woolen and Worsted Clothing, 49 1-2c. per lb. and 60 per cent. Woolen manufactures, n. o. p., value not over 30c. per lb., 33c. per lb. and 40 per cent. Woolen manufactures, value 30c. and not over 40c, 38 per lb. and 40 per cent. Woolen manufactures, value 40c. and not over 60c., 44c. per lb. and 50 per cent. Woolen manufactures, value 60c. and not over 80c., 44c. per lb. and 50 per cent. Woolen manufactures, value over 80c., 44c. per lb. and 50 per cent. NOTE-Personal or household effects of persons arriving in the United States, in use over one year, or of American citizens dying abroad, free. Duty must be paid on all watches but one. Articles and tools of trade, when in actual use, free. RECIPROCITY SECTION OF THE TARIFF LAW. In the present or McKinley tariff law, a special section (numbered section 3 in the tariff bill), was inserted, providing for the encouragement of "reciprocal trade" between the United States and other countries. The following is the text of the section relating to reciprocity: Sec. 3. That with a view to secure reciprocal trade with countries producing the following articles, and for this purpose, on and after the first day of July, 1892, whenever, and so often as the president shall be satisfied that the government of any country producing and exporting sugars, molasses, coffee, tea and hides, raw and uncured, or any of such articles, imposes duties or other exactions upon the agricultaral or other products of the United States, which in view of the free introduction of such sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides into the United States he may deem to be reciprocally unequal and unreasonable, he shall have the power and it shall be his duty to suspend, by proclamation to that effect, the provisions of this act relating to the free introduction of such sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides, the production of such country, for such time as he shall deem just, and in such case and during such suspension duties shall be levied, collected and paid upon sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides, the product of or exported from such designated country, as follows, namely: All sugars not above number thirteen Dutch standard in color shall pay duty on their polariscopic tests as follows, namely: All sugars not above number thirteen Dutch standard in color, all tank bottoms, syrups of cane juice or of beet juice, melada, concentrated melada, concrete and concentrated molasses, testing by the polariscope not above seventy-five degrees, seven-tenths of one cent per pound; and for every additional degree or fraction of a degree shown by the polariscopic test, two hundredths of one cent per pound additional. All sugars above number thirteen Dutch standard in color shall be classified by the Dutch standard of color, and pay duty as follows, namely: All sugar above number thirteen and not above number sixteen Dutch standard of color, one and three-eighths cents per pound. All sugar above number sixteen and not above number twenty Dutch standard of color, one and five-eighths cents per pound. All sugars above number twenty Dutch standard of color, two cents per pound. Molasses testing above fifty-six degrees, four cents per gallon. Sugar drainings and sugar sweepings shall be subject to duty either as molasses or sugar, as the case may be, according to polariscopic test. On coffee, three cents per pound. On tea, ten cents per pound. Hides, raw or uncured, whether dry, salted or pickled, Angora goat-skins, raw, without the wool, unmanufactured, asses' skins, raw or unmanufactured, and skins, except sheepskins with the wool on, one and one-half cents per pound. TARIFF OR CUSTOMS RATES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. In former years the tariff rate list of Great Britain and Ireland embraced more than a thousand articles of merchandise. At present the list includes only nineteen, as follows: £ s. d. 1 60 1 10 6 0 6 6 Varnish (cont. spirit), same as spirits. £ s. d. Wine, not exceeding 30 deg., proof spirit......gall, 0 1 0 Wine, exceeding 30 deg., but not exceeding 42 deg. gall. 0 2 6 Wine, for each additional degree of strength beyond 42 deg... ..gall. 0 03 Sparkling Wine, imported in bottle. ..gall. 0 2 6 Sparkling Wine, when the market value is proved not to exceed 15s. per gall... .gall. 0 1 0 These duties are in addition to the duty in respect of alcoholic strength. TARNOW, a town of Austrian Galicia, near the right bank of the Dunajec, a navigable tributary of the Vistula, forty-nine miles east of Cracow by the Vienna and Lemberg Railway. It is the seat of a Catholic bishop, contains a theological college, and a beautiful cathedral, in which are numerous monuments of marble, surmounted by statues, enriched with bassi rilievi, and rising to from sixty | to seventy feet in height. Several industries are actively carried on, and there is a good general trade Population (including suburbs), 16,400. TARPEIAN ROCK (Lat. Rupes Tarpeia, or Mons Tarpeius), the name originally applied to the whole of the Capitoline Hill, but latterly confined to a portion of the southern part of the hill, the following being the legend commonly related in connection with it. In the time of Romulus, Tarpeia (a vestal virgin), the daughter of Sp. Tarpeius, governor of the Roman citadel on the Capitoline, covetous of the golden ornaments on the Sabine soldiery, and tempted by their offer to give her what they wore on their left arms, opened a gate of the fortress to the Sabine king, Titus Tatius, who had come to revenge the rape of the Sabine women. Keeping their promise to the ear," the Sabines crushed Tarpeia to death beneath their shields, and she was buried in the part of the hill which bears her name. Subsequently, it was not unusual for persons condemned on the charge of aspiring to restore the monarchy, or of treason to the state generally, to be hurled from the Tarpeian Rock-e. g., the famous Manlius, the savior of the capitol during the invasion of the Gauls. TARRYTOWN, a town of New York. Population in 1890, 3,901. See Britannica, Vol. XII, p. 331. 66 TARSNEY, JOHN C., member of Congress, born in Michigan in 1845. He attended the common schools until August, 1862, when he enlisted in the 4th Regiment Michigan Infantry, then serving in the Fifth Army Corps; joined the regiment in the field, near Antietam, immediately after the battle of that name; was slightly wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, and was severely wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Gettysburg; remained a prisoner of war at Belle Isle, Andersonville, and Millen until the latter part of November, 1864, when, being exchanged, he rejoined his command in front of Petersburg, and participated in the campaign which followed, ending in the surrender at Appomattox; was mustered out of the service in June, 1865, when he entered the High School at Hudson, Mich., and remained in that school until the fall of 1866, when he entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan, from which he graduated March, 1869; practiced law at Hudson, Mich., until 1872, when he removed to Kansas City, Mo.; was city attorney of Kansas City in 1874 and 1875, since which time he has followed the profession of law; was elected to Congress in 1889, and re-elected in 1891. TASCHEREAU, ELZEAR ALEXANDER, cardinal and archbishop of Quebec, born in 1820, and educated at the Seminary of Quebec. He was ordained priest in 1842, and for twelve years filled the professorship of philosophy in Quebec Seminary, and studied the canon law in Rome for two years. He was made rector of Laval University in 1863. Eleven years later he became archbishop, and in 1887 was created first Canadian cardinal. He unsuccessfully opposed in 1887 the incorporation of the Jesuit Order in Canada. TASMANIA, one of the Australian states. (For general article see Britannica, Vol. XXIII, pp. 7275.) The accredited reports of 1889 placed the area at 26,215 square miles, or about 16,778,000 acres, of which 15,571,500 acres are the area of Tasmania proper, the rest being the area of a number of small islands which form two main groups, northeast and northwest. Population in 1889, 151,480, an increase for the year of 3.75 per cent. The population of Hobart, the capital, in 1881 was 21,118, and of Launceston 12,752. At this writing the new census (of 1891) had not been reported. CONSTITUTION. The parliament of Tasmania, under the acts of 1871 and 1885, consists of a Legislative Council and a House of Assembly. The Council is composed of eighteen members, elected by all natural born or naturalized subjects of the Crown who possess either a freehold worth £20 a year, or a leasehold of £80, or are barristers or solicitors on roll of Supreme Court, medical practitioners duly qualified, and all subjects holding a commission or possessing a degree. Each member is elected for six years. The House of Assembly consists of thirty-six members, elected by all whose names appear on valuation rolls as owners or occupiers of property, or who are in receipt of income of £60 per annum (of which £30 must have been received during last six months before claim to vote is sent in), and who have continuously resided in Tasmania for over twelve months. The Assembly is elected for five years. The number of electors for the Legislative Council in 1889 was 6,420, or 4.31 of the total population, and for the House of Assembly 26,054, or 17.50 of the total population. The legislative authority vests in both Houses, while the executive is vested in a governor appointed by the Crown. The governor is, by virtue of his office, commanderin-chief of the troops in the colony; he has a salary of £5,000 per annum. He is aided in the exercise of the executive by a cabinet of responsible ministers, consisting of four members, as follows: Premier and Chief Secretary, Hon. Philip Oakley Fysh; Treasurer, Hon. Bolton Stafford Bird; Attorney-General, Hon. Andrew Inglis Clark; Minister of Lands and Works, Hon. Alfred Pillinger. Each of the ministers has a salary of £900 per annum. The position of premier has a salary of £200 per annum in addition. The ministers must have a seat in either of the two Houses. The present governor (1891) is Sir G. C. Hamilton, appointed in 1887. EDUCATION. There were, in January, 1891, sixteen high schools or colleges in Tasmania, with an average attendance of 1,297; 229 public elementary schools, with 17,948 scholars on roll; and 88 private schools, with 3,542 scholars. Education is compulsory. There were also 596 children attending ragged schools. Two technical schools were started in 1888 at Hobart and Launceston. | tion in 1890, 25,448. See Britannica, Vol. XXIII, REVENUE, Expenditures, Debt, and TRADE. The revenue in 1891 was estimated at £808,346, and the expenditures at £793,206. The public debt on January 31, 1890, was £5,019,050 (raised, chiefly, for the construction of public works), copsisting of 3 and 4 per cent. debentures. There are large customs duties, those in 1889 amounting to £309,762, or over 19 per cent. of the imports. The imports of 1889 were valued at £1,611,035, the exports £1,459,857. In 1889, 842 vessels (of 458,247 tons) were entered. For Religion and Railways see those topics in these Revisions and Additions. TASMAN SEA, the new name adopted by the Australasian Association (at their third annual meeting held in Christchurch, New Zealand, Jan. 15, 1891) for the sea between Australia and New Zealand TASSISUDON, the capital of Bhotan, on the right bank of the Godadda, an affluent of the Brahmaputra. Many of the inhabitants, whose number has not been ascertained, are employed in manufacturing paper, and in making brass images and ornaments for their places of worship. TAXICORNES, a family of coleopterous insects, of the section Heteromera, having the body generally square; the thorax either concealing or receiving the head; the antennæ short; and the legs adapted for running. Most of them are found in fungi and beneath the bark of trees. They are widely distributed over the world. TAYLOR, ABNER, member of Congress from Illinois, born in Maine. He has been in active business all his life, as contractor, builder, and merchant; the only office he ever held was that of member of the State Legislature for one term; was a delegate to the national Republican convention in 1884; was elected to Congress in 1889, and re-elected in 1891. TAYLOR, ALFRED ALEXANDER, member of Congress, born in Tennessee in 1849. He was educated at Pennington, N. J.; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1870; was elected to the Legislature in 1875; was nominated for governor of Tennessee in 1886, and was defeated by his brother, Robert L. Taylor; was elected to Congress in 1889, and re-elected in 1891. TAYLOR, COL. CHARLES H., an American journalist, born in Charlestown, Mass., July 14, 1846. He began industrial life doing chores and learning to set type on the Massachusetts Ploughman, at a salary of $2 per week. Later he changed to the office of the Boston Traveler, remaining there until 1861, when he enlisted in the 38th Massachusetts Union Regiment. A year and a half later he was TATTA, a town of Sinde, on the right bank of wounded in battle and discharged, returning to the Indus, and at the head of the delta of that the office of the Traveler where he was placed on river, sixty-four miles east of Kurrachi. In former the reportorial staff. By diligent application and times Tatta was a most flourishing town, and man- overtime work he soon succeeded in mastering ufactured fabrics of silk and cotton- a branch of shorthand as well as becoming a more facile writer industry that has almost wholly disappeared. The for the press In 1866 he was sent to report a only noticeable structure is the mosque of Shah-meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society. Believing Jehan, built of brick, and is now falling into de- that the speeches would prove to be of special incay; but the vast cemetery of Tatta deserves terest to the public he reported them in full, inmention. It has an area of six square miles, concluding that of William Lloyd Garrison. His report being declined by the Boston press, Mr. tains, it is calculated, at least a million tombs, and Taylor forwarded it to the New York Tribune, has room for not less than four millions. Popula- where it was accepted, and a check for it returned tion of Tatta, about 10,000. by the next mail, with an invitation to become the regular Boston correspondent of the Tribune. His articles in the Tribune awakened notable attention and brought him the ensuing year a return of $4,000. In 1872 he was a member of the Clerk of the House, a position which he held for House of Representatives, and in 1873 was elected eleven years. During this time he became manager of the Boston Globe, the paper having, when he took charge of it, a circulation of 12.000 copies. Under his management and enterprise the circulation rapidly increased, and in 1890 reported a guaranteed daily issue of 155,937 copies, with a Sunday issue of 147,707 copies. Colonel Taylor's son, C. H. Taylor, jr., a graduate of Harvard University, inherits his father's talent for journalism, and gives promise, in that line, of a most successful future. TAUCHNITZ, KARL CHRISTOPH TRAUGOTT, a famous German printer and bookseller, born at Grosspardau, near Leipzig, in 1761, died in 1836. In 1809 he began the issue of a series of editions of the classic authors, the elegance and cheapness of which gave them a European circulation. By of fering a prize of a ducat for every error pointed out, he was able to bring out, in 1828, an edition of Homer of extraordinary correctness. He was the first to introduce (1816) stereotyping into Germany; and he also applied it to music, which had not been attempted before. In the latter years of his busy life he stereotyped the Hebrew Bible, and the Koran in the original Arabic. On his death the business was continued by his son, KARL CHRISTIAN PHIL. TAUCHNITZ.-A nephew of the elder Tauchnitz, CHRISTIAN BERNH. TAUCHNITZ, also set up a publishing establishment in Leipzig; combined with printing. Among the most noted of his undertakings is the issue of "British Authors" (begun 1842), so well known to all English travelers on the continent, of which upward of 1,000 volumes had appeared in 1870. born at Nelson, Ohio, July 9, 1823. He was TAYLOR, EZRA B., member of Congress, admitted to the bar in 1845; except while on the bench and in the army has practiced his profession ever since; was elected to fill a vacancy in Congress in 1879, and has since been continuously re-elected; his present term expires in 1893. TAUNTON, a city of Massachusetts. Popula- TEKELI, EMERIC, COUNT, a celebrated Hun Flot home aut. of Iseumseh, Indian chicks, se "Historic Michigan" the 15 of vol. 1. ($223) & a little about his brother, Lay-be-mani-kaw, the "Prophet." 1871 1872 1874 1879 3,549,860 1,430,481 3,000,000 1889 1,894 2,505 271,769 2,748,801 2,227,966 7,637,449 5,104,787 Tunis 2,532,662 1889 2,000 2,790,233 Turkey 1889 15,000 United States.. 1890 254,110 807,589 80,000,000 1868 50,183 97,594 5,070,572 7,312,725 The average toll per message in 1868 was 104.7; in 1889 was 31.2; in 1890 was 32.4. The average cost per message to the company in 1868 was 63.4; in 1889 was 22.4; in 1890 was 22.7. The number of telegraphic messages annually transmitted may be estimated at 300,000,000. The greatly increased mileage since 1880 is principally due to the fact that in 1881 the Western Union Telegraph Company absorbed by purchase all the lines of the American Union and the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company, the former having previously in operation over 12,000 miles of line, and the latter 8,706 miles. Capital stock of TELEGRAPH STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. the Western Union $86,200,000. The Western Union has exclusive contracts with several International Cable Companies, operating eight Atlantio cables, and guarantees 5 per cent. annual dividends on the stock of the American Cable Company; amount, $14,000,000. Besides the above, there are many new lines of Telegraph, which have complied with the United States Telegraph Act of 1866, and are operating wires with or without connection with railway companies. The Mutual Union Telegraph Company, of the United States, established in 1881, has about 8,000 miles of line, 60,000 miles of wire, 1,200 offices, and has extended its lines north and south, oper ating already from Boston to Chicago, St. Louis, Washington, etc. Capital stock, $2,500,000. This line is now leased and operated by the Western Union Telegraph Company. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Telegraph, le com- SPAIN who attacked the military regime nas created a sharp issue between men of liberal opinion and the Directorate. Wholesale arrests of some of the bestknown figures in Spain followed a public meeting, called in September, 1924, by a committee including General Berenguer, former governor of Morocco; General Zamora, former minister of war General Sarabia, and other political chiets. Speeches violently attacking the tyranny of de Rivera were made, and many exiled leaders—including the novelist Vicente Blasco Ibañez, former Premier Romanones, and Professor Unamuno-sent lengthy messages declaring the necessity for the overthrow of the dictatorship at all costs. Millions of copies of a booklet, Alfonso Unmasked, have been prepared by Ibañez for distribution throughout Spain and many parts of the world. This bitter feeling, however, is hot shared by the Catholics of the country who, as a demonstration of their loyalty and their rejection of the anti-royalist campaign conducted abroad, have opened a national subscription for the erection of a statue of the King of Madrid. By a treaty between France and Spain as to their respective rights in Morocco, signed Nov. 27, 1912, France acknowledged the right of Spain to exercise its influence in what is known as the Spanish zone-a strip of land extending along the Mediterranean some 200 miles in length with an average breadth of 60 miles. This section of North Africa has been in a perpetual state of war for many years, and one Spanish army after another has failed to break the spirited defense of the Riffians and other warlike tribes in northern Morocco. In September, 1924, the situation grew so bad that General de Rivera took over personal command of the Spanish forces in Morocco. This was a move in two directions against the Moorish tribesmen and against the opponents of the military Directorate at home. If successful in turning the tide of Moroccan affairs in Spain's favor, de Rivera would greatly strength 111 TELEPHOTOGRAPHY en his power at home. But his campaign in Morocco was no more fruitful than those which had preceded it. Military reverses forced him to withdraw from the interior zone, and new developments not only threaten the Moroccan seaport, Tetuan, but the international port of Tangier. France, Italy, Great Britain, and Germany are zealously watching to see who will gain the protectorate over the zone when General de Rivera completes the Spanish evacuation from the "Republic of the Riff," as it is called by the tribesmen, who claim that they never have recognized the validity of Morocco's partition into zones and protectorates. France asserts first claim to the land of the Moors, since in the terms of the AngloFrench accord, the Paris government agreed to keep hands off of Egypt and the Sudan in exchange for London's pledge to leave Paris carte blanche in the territories of the Sultan of Morocco. The British would not look with favor on the French hold of the southern side of the Mediterranean becoming strengthened to the extent to which it might become, should Spain abandon her possessions. Germany, shorn of her colonies, sees an opportunity of possibly gaining a new foothold in Africa in a strategically important spot. Premier Mussolini is dissatisfied with Italy's being confined to the barren Tripolitan zone, and he is refusing to sign the Tangier accord because he insists that Italy shall participate in ferritorial acquisitions when the Mediterranean map is redrawn and the region is reallocated. Sporting Results. See ATHLETICS AND SPORTS. Sudan. See EGYPT AND THE SUDAN. -Sukkar Barrage. See ENGINEERING Telephotography. The world was startled on Nov. 30, 1924, by the notice that photographs of President Coolidge, Secretary of State Hughes, and of other subjects, had been sent from London to New York in less than half an hour. More surprising still, was the news that the pictures had been transmitted by radio. ee illuspp. 135dgeport, eighteen gest re1 for the ented by in, it was 1 Society tory. In :-inch reit Wash$46,000. Leander ger aperJniversity ed into a to furnish 1880 with 'or one of rge lenses 1, or from ed great [uisite dehe thirtyed nearly before a objectives 30me sixty nd twelve owa (RusHamburg, by Warner end of the le position d a stellar use as a n) lens of .ounted in shortening feet. It is e ordinary ned into a orrect th> |