son of Timothy Paine, Vice-President of this society from its foundation in 1812 to 1816, are among the early members of the Society. Under the dates of June 15, 1794, January 14, 1798, February 2, 1806, December 25, 1808, and January 26, 1812, we find in the church records entries of the baptisms of children of David Curtis. He was a direct descendant of Ephraim Curtis, who appears to have been the first actual white settler of Worcester, who came to Worcester in 1673, but had to abandon his settlement after a year or two on account of the hostilities of the Indians. David Curtis was the father of the wife of Dr. John Green (the third) the founder of the Free Public Library in Worcester, and of George Curtis of New York, the father of George William Curtis.

Worcester had in 1790 only 2,044 inhabitants. The names of persons already given, and those of others who were either corporate members of the Second Parish or who are known to have attended the services of this society in the earliest years of its existence, show that Dr. Bancroft must have been right when he stated that among his supporters at the beginning of his ministry there was a large proportion of the profes"There was also in the sional and distinguished men of the town. society" at its start, writes Dr. Bancroft, "a fair proportion of the farmers and mechanics of the town."2 Aaron Bancroft, the first pastor of the society, was Councillor in the American Antiquarian Society from its foundation in 1812 to 1816, Vice-President from 1816 to 1831, and a member of its Publication Committee from 1815 to 1831.

In the new society there were men who had been staunch patriots in the revolution, now just over, and members of families which had been loyalist in feeling. Side by side sat Levi Lincoln, Joseph Allen, Timothy Bigelow, Stephen Salisbury and other warm friends of the revolution; and Timothy Paine, his son Dr. William Paine, and the sons and daughters of the "honest refugee" the last Judge John Chandler. The first pastor, Rev. Mr. Bancroft, although an undoubted patriot, had spent the interval between the spring of 1780 and July 1783 in Nova Scotia doing missionary work, and soon after settling in Worcester married a daughter of Judge Chandler. Families were considerably divided by theological differences in those days. Stephen Salisbury, Senior, attended the church of the Second Parish with his son; Madame Salisbury remained in the First Church. Tradition says that she prized the influence of Rev. Dr. Austin of that church so highly that she had our venerable President in his boyhood placed under his care, he spending the secular days of the week in his family and receiving such care from Dr. Austin as could be afforded after the demands of his farm and pulpit had been satisfied. Dr. John Green had a pew in the first meeting-house of the Second Parish; he inclined to liberal views in theology, imbibing, probably, the tendencies of his

'Lincoln's History, p. 259.

2 Sermon delivered Jan. 31, 1836, p. 19.

mother the daughter of Timothy Ruggles of Hardwick rather than those of his father, the first Dr. John Green, who was a pious Baptist, one of the first three in Worcester, and the son of Rev. and Dr. Thomas Green of Greenville, Leicester, who besides being a distinguished physician was the first clergyman of the first Baptist Church in Worcester County. I fear that Dr. Green did not attend meeting often. His wife, true to the Presbyterian blood that flowed in her veins, remained in the First church, and the children attended that church with her until several of them on growing up withdrew to the Second Parish. Daniel Waldo Jr.'s father and sisters attended the first church. He withdrew from the Second Parish and with his sisters took part in the formation of a new Congregational Church which took the name of The Calvinist Society in Worcester, a name which was changed in 1879 to The Central Society in Worcester. Before this change it had long been known in popular speech as the Centre Church. Mr. Waldo built a meetinghouse for the society at his own expense.

There are numerous descendants of early members of the Second Parish still connected with the organization. There is no descendant, however, of either of the several Chandlers who belonged to the society at the beginning, still bearing the family name. Our venerable associate, Dr. George Chandler, is a descendant of Deacon John Chandler of Woodstock (now in Connecticut, but formerly a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts), through a brother of the first Judge John Chandler. Dr. Chandler's children, however, Mrs. A. G. Bullock and Mrs. Waldo Lincoln, who with their husbands are members of the society, are descendants through their mother of the first two Judge John Chandlers, and the children of Mrs. Lincoln, through their father, are descended from the third and last Judge of that name, also. I do not recall a direct descendant of Palmer Goulding, but there are several Gouldings in the society now, including Mr. Frank P. Goulding, a wellknown member of the Worcester County bar, who are descended from Palmer Goulding's father, the first Palmer Goulding, who came to Worcester in 1718, about the time of the final settlement of the town.

Among those persons who have been or are members of the Second Parish or Society, there are many, besides some already mentioned, who have been officers or members of the American Antiquarian Society. Among those permanently connected with it or who remained members until the Second Unitarian Society, the Church of the Unity, was formed in Worcester, are the following named gentlemen: Levi Lincoln, Jr. (the late Governor Lincoln, whose name appears first in the Parish records, September 7, 1807, when he was chosen Treasurer of the Parish),

3 This church arose out of differences which sprang up in the First Church during the pastorate of Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, author of a history of the United States and other books, and brother of Peter Parley. Its first pastor, Rev. L. I. Hoadley, has just died of old age in Shelton, Conn., at the ripe age of 92 years. Its second pastor was the late Rev. John S. C. Abbott, the author of the Life of Napoleon.

Rejoice Newton, Samuel M. Burnside (who seems to have been an officer of the Antiquarian Society from its foundation in 1812 to his death in 1850), Pliny Merrick (Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court), Edward D. Bangs (Secretary of the Commonwealth for twelve years), Frederick W. Paine (son of Dr. William Paine and grandson of Timothy Paine), Stephen Salisbury, Jr. (our President, whose name first appears in the Parish records, April 11, 1825, when he was elected Treasurer of the Parish), Clarendon Harris, John W. Lincoln (brother of the late Governor Lincoln), Charles Allen (Chief Justice of the Superior Court, member of Congress, etc.), William Lincoln (the historian of Worcester, a brother of Governor Lincoln), Nathaniel Maccarty (son of Rev. Thaddeus Maccarty), Isaac Goodwin, John Green, M. D. (the founder of the Free Public Library, Worcester), Thomas Kinnicutt (Judge of Probate in Worcester County), Francis Blake (the brilliant lawyer), John Davis (Governor of the Commonwealth, United States Senator and President of this Society), John Park, M. D. (father of Mrs. Benjamin F. Thomas and of the second wife of Rev. Dr. Edward B. Hall of Providence, R. I., the father of the third pastor of the 2nd Parish, Rev. Edward H. Hall), George Chandler, M. D., Benjamin F. Thomas (Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, Member of Congress, &c.), Christopher C. Baldwin (librarian of the Antiquarian Society), Samuel F. Haven, Joseph Sargent, M. D., Henry Chapin (Judge of Probate, &c.), D. Waldo Lincoln, Stephen Salisbury, Jr., Thomas Leverett Nelson (Judge of the United States District Court), and Samuel S. Green.

Other members of the Antiquarian Society who were members of the Second Parish, for longer or shorter periods, are Alfred Dwight Foster (the father of our present associate, Judge Dwight Foster), Emory Washburn (Governor of Massachusetts, &c., who appears as a teacher in the Sunday School the first year of its formation, 1829), Alexander H. Bullock (Governor of Massachusetts, etc.), John C. B. Davis (Judge of the United States Court of Claims, late minister to Germany, etc.), and Eleazer James. Samuel Jennison seems to have had pews in the churches of both the First and Second Parishes. He was chosen Treasurer of the Second Parish May 13, 1829. Among other persons who have been members of the Second Parish are Samuel Allen, Jr. (a brother of Charles Allen and the father of the widow of our late Librarian), Henry Rogers (the father of Charles O. Rogers, of the Boston Journal), Francis T. Merrick, Horace B. Claflin (the successful mer

Mr. Haven was, as is well known, grandson of Rev. Jason Haven of Dedham and son of Samuel Haven, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Norfolk County. Judge Haven was very much interested in the controversy which arose in Dedham upon the settlement of Rev. Alvan Lamson, he taking the Orthodox side of the question. Samuel F. Haven was much interested in the works of Swedenborg. He was an early friend of the Episcopal Church in Worcester, but for many years before his death was a constant attendant at the church of the 2nd Parish or that of the Church of the Unity.

chant of New York), and Moses D. Phillips (afterwards the head of the firm of publishers in Boston, known as Phillips, Sampson & Co.) William E. Green (brother of the second Dr. John Green and father of Andrew H. Green, late Comptroller of the city of New York, who was baptised, according to the records of the Second Church, January 28, 1821,) his son, Judge William N. Green, and Hon. John S. C. Knowlton, appear to have been for a time members of the Second Parish.

The second pastor of the society, Rev. Dr. Alonzo Hill, was an officer of the Antiquarian Society, and its third and last minister, Rev. Edward H. Hall, is a Councillor of this Society.

Among persons not already mentioned, who were baptized in the Second Parish, according to the Church Records, whom it seems well to mention here, are the following: Enoch Lincoln, afterwards Governor of Maine (baptized January 4, 1789), John Brazer, afterwards a well known Unitarian minister (November 1, 1789), George Allen, brother of Charles Allen, a minister of the gospel, who has just died in Worcester at the ripe age of about 92 years (February 5, 1792), Gardiner Paine (May 26, 1799), his son Nathaniel Paine, our Treasurer (June 2, 1833), George Bancroft, the historian (October 5, 1800), John Healey Heywood, a well known Unitarian minister (June 7, 1818), Hasbrouck Davis, father of John Davis, present Assistant U. S. Secretary of State (July 15, 1827), Horace Davis, recently Member of Congress from the San Francisco district (May 22, 1831), Henry William Brown, late a Unitarian minister, now instructor in the Worcester State Normal School (May 6, 1832), George Sturgis Paine, our associate, an Episcopal minister (July 7, 1833), John Green, an ophthalmologist, in St. Louis, Mo. (May 31, 1835).

The church of the Second Parish appointed delegates at the dates given below to attend the ordination and installation of the following persons among others: Mr. John Nelson at Leicester (February 23, 1812), Mr. Wm. Ware, 1st Congregational Church, N. Y. (December 2, 1821), Rev. Samuel J. May, 1st Ecclesiastical Society of Brooklyn, Conn. (November 2, 1823), Wm. H. Furness, Congregational Unitarian Church in Philadelphia (December 19, 1824), Mr. George R. Noyes, South Parish in Brookfield (October 21, 1827), Mr. George W. Burnap, 1st Independent Church of Baltimore (April 3, 1828), Mr. John F. W. Ware, Unitarian Church and Society in Fall River (April 9, 1843), Mr. John Weiss, Jr., 1st Congregational Church and Society in Watertown (October 22, 1843), Rev. David Fosdick, Proprietors of the Hollis street meeting-house in Boston (March 1, 1846), Mr. Wm. R. Alger, Mt. Pleasant Society, Roxbury (September 5, 1847), Hasbrouck Davis, 1st Parish in Watertown (March 14, 1849), Rev. Frederick H. Hedge, Westminster Congregational Church in Providence (March 24, 1850), Mr. Horatio Stebbins, Colleague Pastor with Rev. Calvin Lincoln, 1st Church and Society in Fitchburg (November 2, 1851), and Rev. Francis Tiffany, 3d Congregational Society in Springfield (December 26, 1852). Mr. Furness was ordained in Phila