The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of InstitutionsMacmillan, 1912 - 404 psl. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. |
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The Theory of the Leisure Class– An Economic Study of Institutions Thorstein Veblen Visos knygos peržiūra - 1928 |
The Theory of the Leisure Class– An Economic Study of Institutions Thorstein Veblen Ribota peržiūra - 1926 |
Pagrindiniai terminai ir frazės
æsthetic animistic anthropomorphic cults appreciable aptitudes archaic beauty canons of reputability character characteristic chiefly commonly conservatism conservative conspicuous consumption conspicuous leisure conspicuous waste consumer degree devout observances direction divinity dominant dress economic effect efficiency effort element employments emulation especially ethnic types everyday evidence expenditure expression fact FRANKLIN HENRY GIDDINGS ground habit of mind habits of thought hand higher honorific honour human nature ideal imputed individual industrial community industrial process instinct of workmanship institutions invidious comparison labour learning leisure class less manual labour matter men's ment methods modern industrial motive munity nomic non-invidious organisations peaceable pecuniary culture pecuniary decency pecuniary reputability persons phase point of view population predaceous predatory culture present priestly productive propensity proprieties purpose quasi-peaceable regards relation relatively respect scheme selective sense servants serve social spiritual stage standard substantial sumption survival tabu temperament tion to-day traits true usage vicarious leisure vogue wealth women
Populiarios ištraukos
78 psl. - They become his courtiers or retainers, servants ; and being fed and countenanced by their patron they are indices of his rank and vicarious consumers of his superfluous wealth. Many of these affiliated gentlemen of leisure are at the same time lesser men of substance in their own right ; so that some of them are scarcely at all, others only partially, to be rated as vicarious consumers. So many of them, however, as make up the retainers and hangers-on of the patron may be classed as vicarious consumers...
101 psl. - ... of life. Customary expenditure must be classed under the head of waste in so far as the custom on which it rests is traceable to the habit of making an invidious pecuniary comparison — in so far as it is conceived that it could not have become customary and prescriptive without the backing of this principle of pecuniary reputability or relative economic success. It is obviously not necessary that a given object of expenditure should be exclusively wasteful in order to come in under the category...
75 psl. - Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure. As wealth accumulates on his hands, his own unaided effort will not avail to sufficiently put his opulence in evidence by this method. The aid of friends and competitors is therefore brought in by resorting to the giving of valuable presents and expensive feasts and entertainments.
38 psl. - ... the form chiefly of personal service and the immediate products of personal service. Conspicuous abstention from labour therefore becomes the conventional mark \ of superior pecuniary achievement and the conventional index of reputability; and conversely, since application to productive labour is a mark of poverty and subjection, it becomes inconsistent with a reputable standing in the community. Habits of industry and thrift, therefore, are not uniformly furthered by a prevailing pecuniary emulation....
188 psl. - The life of man in society, just like the life of other species, is a struggle for existence, and therefore it is a process of selective adaptation. The evolution of social structure has been a process of natural selection of institutions. The progress which has been and is being made in human institutions and in human character may be set down, broadly, to a natural selection of the fittest habits of thought and to a process of enforced adaptation of individuals to an environment which has progressively...
181 psl. - To apply this generalisation to women's dress, and put the matter in concrete terms: the high heel, the skirt, the impracticable bonnet, the corset, and the general disregard of the wearer's comfort which is an obvious feature of all civilised women's apparel...
15 psl. - He is, in his own apprehension, a centre of unfolding impulsive activity — " teleological " activity. He is an agent seeking in every act the accomplishment of some concrete, objective, impersonal end. By force of his being such an agent he is possessed of a taste for effective work, and a distaste for futile effort. He has a sense of the merit of serviceability or efficiency and of the demerit of futility, waste, or incapacity.
32 psl. - In the nature of the case, the desire for wealth can scarcely be satiated in any individual instance, and evidently a satiation of the average or general desire for wealth is out of the question.. However widely, or equally, or "fairly...
84 psl. - In modern civilized communities the lines of demarcation between social classes have grown vague and transient, and wherever this happens the norm of reputability imposed by the upper class extends its coercive influence with but slight hindrance down through the social structure to the lowest strata. The result is that the members of each stratum accept as their ideal of decency the scheme of life in vogue in the next higher stratum, and bend their energies to live up to that ideal.