Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 78 tomasThe Institution, 1884 |
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Kiti leidimai - Peržiūrėti viską
Pagrindiniai terminai ir frazės
adopted albumen amount angles annual wear antiseptic apparatus asphalt Author average beam-engines blocks boiler C.E. VOL canal carbolic acid carbon carriageway cement cent Chelsea concrete considerable construction cost creosote creosote oils cubic curve cylinder depth diagrams diameter effect electric electromotive force engines experiments Fahrenheit feet Fouracres grout heat Henson's horizontal horizontal-engines inches increased Inst joint kilograms kilometres King's Road laid lamp length light London Ludgate Hill macadam material maximum means ment Messrs metres miles millimetres minute naphthalene obtained oils ordinary Oxford Street pajas Paper paving pitch pine plain Plate portion Portland cement practical pressure prisms pumps quantity Railway rays repairs revolutions per minute river sewers shingle sleepers Sloane Street sluice square yard Stayton steam substances surface taken tar-acids temperature tide timber tion tons traffic standard velocity vertical weight wood pavement yard width
Populiarios ištraukos
102 psl. - He relied upon the Kreosot for its antiseptic qualities, but proposed to use the light oils separately, at the commencement of the operation, for the purpose of facilitating the absorption of the heavy oiL This plan has never been acted upon, as it would be obviously wasteful and impractical to inject the lighter oils, or crude naphthas, which would immediately evaporate.
139 psl. - It may be taken that about one-third the bulk of the tar consists of the "creosote" or "heavy oil" employed in creosoting timber. The process of creosoting is effected by placing well-weathered wood in a vessel so constructed that a more or less perfect vacuum may be obtained. The creosote, heated to a temperature of from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit, is allowed to pass into the exhausted reservoir, and thus finds its way into the pores of the wood. The advantages to be derived from the process are,...
111 psl. - In 1863 Mr. Coisne commenced a series of experiments, the object being to determine, in a practical manner, which portions of the tar oils best preserved the timber. The results were so instructive, that in 1866 he inaugurated a new series of experiments, still more carefully conducted, which lasted until 1870.
143 psl. - To contain not less than 2."i per cent of constituents that do not distil over at a temperature of 600 Fahrenheit.
140 psl. - The two creosotes being very different in their composition, it becomes important to consider them separately. " The London creosote has a somewhat high specific gravity, and contains a comparatively large percentage of naphthalene, and a small percentage (ie, less than 10 per cent.) of tar acids. Further, it contains a considerable quantity of the heavier portions of the oil, that is, of those portions not volatile at a temperature below 316° C.
113 psl. - Their instability in this connection is apparently pointed out by Mr. Coisne's experiments. It may, however, be objected that these experiments were not conducted under the conditions to which railway timbers are exposed. This point also has been very fully investigated. In 1867 Mr. Coisne obtained some Creosoted sleepers which had successfully resisted decay during periods of from eighteen to twenty years. The wood was crushed, and the substances obtained therefrom tested. He found no tar acids...
160 psl. - Amongst them is mentioned a mixture consisting of coal-tar thinned with from one-third to one-half of its quantity of dead oil distilled from coal-tar. This is the origin of the so-called Creosoting process. Creosote, correctly so called, is the product of the destructive distillation of wood, and coal-tar does not contain any of the true Creosote, which has never been used for timber-preserving.
288 psl. - ... drain tile are made at the same yard, the stiff-mud machine has the advantage in that both types of product can be molded in it. So far as the writer is aware no repressing whatever is done on any of the Wisconsin brick. The dry-press process is used at but three or four localities in the state but there is no apparent reason why its use should not be extended.
102 psl. - ... of its quantity of dead oil distilled from coal-tar. This is the origin of the so-called Creosoting process. Creosote, correctly so called, is the product of the destructive distillation of wood, and coal-tar does not contain any of the true Creosote, which has never been used for timber-preserving. But a substance, since called carbolic acid, or phenol, had been discovered in coal-tar; it was thought by some to be identical with the Creosote of wood, hence the process came to be miscalled, after...
116 psl. - By repeated washings with cold water, all the carbolic acid, and all or nearly all the cresylic acid, can be washed out, both from Country and from London oils. (Appendix 5.) These experiments assume especial importance in considering the durable effects of various kinds of Creosote for protecting timber immersed in sea-water from the attacks of marine insects.