rest being failures. And here again it must, of course, be on the sale of the successful that the printer must rely for compensation for the loss of those which fail; and if his property in these be not secured from infringement, the ruinous consequences to his entire trade must be sufficiently obvious. As to the joint cost of designing, engraving, and cutting, it is difficult to arrive at an accurate calculation, as it varies according to the economy and arrangements of different establishments; but from the evidence given by gentlemen examined by the Committee as to the expenses of their several houses in this particular, it appears that it amounts, on an average, to from 51. to 107. each for those employed for garment-printing; but for furniture-prints the expense is much greater, averaging from 10l. to 35l. each; and many in both branches costing considerably higher than either of these relative estimates; whilst for designing alone, apart from engraving, the expense is equally variable, and ranges from a few shillings to 201. per pattern. "The preparations of designs and patterns for some establishments is stated to occupy nearly three months in each year; and the successful patterns which are the real product of that period may be copied by a pirate in a few weeks, at a consequent saving of what is of equal value with money, its equivalent time." The eagerness for new patterns on the part of the trade and of the public amounts to a strong passion; and, although designers can never be certain of what will become popular, yet, there are general principles which skilful artists understand and follow, as we gather from our second extract. Lockett, pattern-engraver, stated before the Committee that Mr. "It is the simple and inartificial designs which are in general the most successful with the public, requiring at once the least labour and expense to invent and the least possible cost to copy them. One pattern, known in the trade by the name of the Diorama, was produced by an accident, and at no cost whatever for designing, and yet sold to the extent of 25,000 pieces in one day. Another, known as Lane's Net, consisting of a very simple arrangement of right lines, was equally a favourite with the public. A simple figure upon a pattern for neckcloths, which costs but a few pence to invent and a few shillings to engrave, and might be copied for 21., was so successful that the proprietor states it in his estimation to have been worth to him from 2001. to 3001. A popular class of productions, known in the trade by the name of Eccentrics, are produced by a machine combining a peculiar adaption of the eccentric chuck with Bate's process for engraving fac-similes of bas-reliefs, which at once delineates the device and perfects the engraving at a trifling expense. Some houses likewise publish no designs except those apparently of the most simple and inelaborate kind; but these are applied with so much skill and judgment, the result of long study of the public taste, that the inventors have established a peculiar reputation for their production, and obtain a more extensive sale, and of course a greater amount of remuneration in consequence. "In all cases, the designs, like the handwriting of an individual, invariably exhibits some feature peculiar to its author, and participates in the general character of the taste which pervades the productions of his house; so that the invasion of his copyright, by the piratical imitation of his works, is not merely an appropriation of that which cost him a certain portion of his capital to provide, but is in some degree a trading under his firm, and a gratuitous participation by a stranger in the profits of that reputation which has cost him years of study and labour to acquire and to establish for himself." From what we have said and quoted, it will be seen that there are curious and interesting points connected with calico-printing and the cotton trade. ART. XVI.—History of the French Revolution. By D. W. JOBSON. Sherwood and Co.: Part I. THIS is the first of Ten Monthly Parts to complete the History of the Revolution, the volume to form a portion of a much more extensive work, viz. a History of France, from the Invasion of Cæsar to the overthrow of Napoleon. Mr. Jobson's narrative is rapid and lucid, well calculated to supply what was wanted in our language, a popular, and at the same time, a liberal and searching account of the wonderful period and events indicated by the title of the book. ART. XVII.—A Weather Almanac for 1841. By PETER LEGH, Esq., A.M. London: Tilt. PREFIXED to the Almanac are "Hints for an Essay on Anemology and Ombrology, (the science of wind and rain,) founded partly on admitted principles, and partly on observations and discoveries, recently made, on the influence of the planet Jupiter and its satellites on our atmosphere." The manner in which many of Mr. Legh's calculations appear to have been corroborated by the actual state of the weather last year, has encouraged him to come forward with a second work of the same kind, and with such additional lights or reasonings, as further study and more extended observation may be supposed to afford. He makes no pretensions to the gift of prophecy, and is far removed from a quack; for he proceeds on scientific principles, when he can use these as guides, and on the facts which experience has furnished. The "Hints" are very striking, and must be serviceable to meteorologists. ART. XVIII.—The Year Book of Facts in Science and Art. London, Tilt 1841. THE Year-Book of facts bring down the history of the advances made in Science and Art, the discoveries and improvments, to the latest date, being a compilation very carefully made, and by a person-the author of the "Arcana of Science," who is perfectly competent to judge between what are facts and fictions, what is new and what a plagiarism. We have in this neat volume, as it were a bird's-eye view of the last year's contributions; and the engravings which illustrate some of the more curious and complex subjects add very considerably to the usefulness of the publication. It is obvious that a work of this kind, compiled as we have stated, must be highly interesting and valuable; and when it is borne in mind that the present volume forms one of a series of such annuals, it will be manifest that each year's addition can only be properly appreciated, and its information fully perceived and understood, by examining it in connexion with its predecessors. ART. XIX.-A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art. Edited by W. I. BRANDE. Part. I. London: Longman. THE learned and scientific editor, assisted in the various departments contemplated in this Dictionary by several men of acknowledged eminence in each, intends to furnish an explanatory book of reference; the definitions and the information to be between the copiousness of the encyclopædia and the brevity of the dictionary. The work is to comprise the "History, Description, and Scientific principles of every Branch of Human Knowledge; with the Derivation and Definition of all the Terms in General Use. Illustrated by Engravings on Wood." From the glance which we have given to the articles in this first part, we should say that together with a condensed comprehensiveness there is an apparent infusion of the writer's own ideas in every case, and that sort of spirit which shews that his mind is in the subject. The names of the strong array of contributors are sufficient vouchers for this. This is the twelfth of Longman's series of Dictionaries, a species of publication admirably calculated to supply with sound and useful knowledge the craving of the age for practical information in every department of human inquiry as well as human occupation. The series indeed promises to supply a library of immense compass, out of which every person may select a large mass of instruction both as to principles and details, that immediately concerns himself. Crude compilations have done much harm of late years, and exceedingly erudite treatises are of little or no service to the general reader; while the expense to which they subject the student is formidable. Longman's Encyclopædias supply the desideratum, and have already done much good. ART. XX.-Holkham; the Scenes of my Childhood. And other Poems. BY SARAH BILLER. 2nd. Edition. London: Foster and Hextall. SARAH BILLER has had the good fortune to obtain the patronage of the. Earl and many of the Earl's friends, in as far as subscription for copies goes. But we must add that the verses are far better, both as respects sense and rhyme, description and sentiment, than nine-tenths of those which we are fated to read. ART. XXI.-Adventures of Susan Hopley; or Circumstantial Evidence 3 vols. Saunders and Otley. QUITE a novel for the greedy devourers of the provisions offered by circulating libraries, and who are neither very nice about probability, nor critical as to consistency of character; but prefer what is startling, rapid, and full of bustle,-incidents, it matters not how brought about, and atrocious "Cir actions to balance those of the wondrously amiable and virtuous. cumstantial Evidence" gives us, although not disgustingly, a good deal of the Newgate Calendar sort of literature intermixed with melo-dramatic scenes. The reader is taken to France, as well as made a resident in England; and is led to behold not a few striking scenes in life, as well as to obtain frequeut glimpses of nature. There is no lack of cleverness and the necessary confidence of one who would manfully go through his task. It does not appear to us, however, that the writer had any very clear or decided aim when he began; nor have his stirring pages that sort of polish, much less that idealism, which is the essence oft ruth and reality, conspicuous in first-rate fictions. He is literal instead of being picturesque, and vulgar when he should be tastefully homely. But after all, it is impossible to sleep over his pages; and we are no judges if Susan Hopley is not much sought after by the kind of readers mentioned at the commencement of our notice; although it will be difficult for any one of them to tell, after having reached the end of the third volume, what is the benefit received, either for heart or head,-what other feeling has been produced but an additional degree of greediness for another work of a like nature, and a positive reluctance to re-peruse the one that has just been devoured. ART. XXII.-The Morea. Second Edition. To which is added Meditations of Other Days. By A. B. COCHRANE. London: Saunders and Otley. We have heard these poems praised; but, according to our judgment, they are merely smooth verses, clothing commonplace and frequently feeble thoughts. ART. XXIII.-Recollections, &c. Miscellaneous Poems. By JOHN Jonas JONSON. London: Saunders and Otley. THESE poems, in our estimation, in no respect rise above mediocrity. We quote a specimen. It is called a Sonnet; but either we are very cold, or we have been frozen by it. 66 NAPOLEON IN RUSSIA. "Thou wagest war with me!' Thus thundering spake A baby-king,-a king of clayey brow! And we will play the game! What! dost thou quake? ART. XXIV.-An Introduction to the Evidences of the Divine Origin of the Christian Religion. London: Nisbet. A GOOD Compilation, in the form of Question and Answer, for the use of schools and young people. It purposes by a copious selection of the main arguments, by a plain and concise manner of stating them, and by a simple arrangement, to keep a middle course between the diffuse comprehensiveness of some of the popular treatises and the limited range of description in others, The catechetical mode has been chosen in order to make the treatise more convenient for use in those seminaries where the system of mutual instruction is followed. ART. XXV.-Popular Errors Explained and Illustrated. London: Tilt. 1841. MR. TIMBS proceeds spiritedly with the numbers of this work, collecting under distinct heads multitudes of current opinions which are either in part or wholly erroneous. The judgment which he pronounces or quotes may not always be free of error itself, and the cases chosen not always the most striking or important. But his system of sifting and its habit are good. ART. XXVI.-The Family Reader of the New Testament. No. I. By the REV. J. E. RIDDLE, M.A. London: Simpkin. 1841. THE first number of a plain and instructive commentary upon the New Testament, beginning with St. Mathew, thrown into the form of conversation between two supposed members of a family, the one the eldest and the other the youngest of the circle, together with the Reader himself, who represents the author, and who occasionally proposes questions and frequently performs the part of directing attention to important as well as difficult points. ART. XXVII.-Outlines of Turkish Grammar. By JOHN REID. London: Black and Armstrong. 1841. MR. REID is the Author of "Turkey and the Turks," &c., and has resided in Constantinople. The present "Outlines" are intended to supply to our countrymen a small practical grammar of the Turkish language, with the view of showing its structure, and enabling the student to understand the spoken tongue of Turkey, without the use of the Turkish alphabet, and in the Roman form of letters. Mr. Reid purposes to follow up this small publication with a vocabulary of the Turkish words most commonly in use, and afterwards, a phrase-book. A grammar of the language is also contemplated, to comprehend the literal as well as the spoken Turkish, "and most probably also a Turkish-English and English-Turkish lexicon." ART. XXVIII.-Henry of Monmouth; or, the Field of Agincourt. By |