confer hops. But, to be perfectly serious, the ancestral exhibit, which the biographers have made, fail utterly to explain the brilliant American who, from the White House in Washington, has so largely dominated the affairs of the globe. And, with all due respect to his Dutch ancestors, who challenge the profound regard of all men, there are some traits of his character which can no more be referred to the parental loins of the low country than to the windmills of Amsterdam. For the only geographical spot on the whole round globe which could have given certain bold outlines to the character of President Roosevelt is the one which lies to the south of the Potomac.

Though valuable as setting forth the ancestral qualities which have been derived from the Netherlands, the review is entirely too one-sided to render full tribute to the symmetrical proportions of President Roosevelt, and especially to the singular gifts which can hardly be reconciled with an origin proverbially taciturn. But, apart from disturbing what may be called the biographical balance, it fails to reckon with the maternal contributions which are made to the character of offspring. And, even if an inventory so deficient could flatter the President's instinctive chivalry, it could hardly satisfy his sense of fitness.

It is an axiomatic truth that the mother not only imparts the formative touch, but also supplies, in large measure, the ancestral traits; and, applying this principle to the antecedents of President Roosevelt, it will be found that, while his Dutch progenitors were framing his religious doctrines in the austere Protestant school of William the Silent, his Georgia forefathers were fashioning his civic and military virtues in the stout revolutionary

molds of two rampant Scotch-Irish Whigs: Archibald Bulloch and Daniel Stewart.

The sage remark of Dr. Holmes, that the child's education should begin at least two hundred years before his birth, is grounded in good psychology; and it seems to have been tacitly agreed among the ancestors of President Roosevelt, for several generations back, that the tame spirit of acquiescence was not to be included among his hereditary assets. For his ancestors at Savannah were fully as boisterous in reading the riot act to King George of England as were his ancestors of Utrecht in hurling Biblical texts at King Philip of Spain. On both sides of the house he appears to have come of good old resistive timber; but he is indebted to his Georgia rather than to his Dutch forefathers for the bulk of his ancestral honors.

Some one has said that character is half heredity and half environment. Adopting the definition, it is by no means difficult to imagine what would have been the attitude of Mr. Roosevelt upon public issues could time and space have so modified the circumstances of his birth as to have cast the fortunes of his life upon the feudal days of the old South. He inherits too strikingly the characteristics of his ancestors and respects too deeply the patriotism of his kindred to resent the suggestion that he would have eagerly donned the Confederate uniform; and, stalwart though he is among the stalwarts, it requires no greater exercise of the imagination to picture him on the floor of the stormy secession convention in Georgia, disputing the leadership with Toombs, than to picture him in the saddle on the battle-fields of Virginia, marshaling the gray legions with Lee.

Archibald Bulloch was the great-great-grandfather of the President; and he prefigured the coming Theodore on more than one occasion in Savannah when his bold independence of thought and speech led him to step upon the teagown of the mother country, and to offer timely suggestions to the British Parliament. Without pressing the analogy into the glove-tight resemblances of minor details, the President's ancestor was one of the first patriots in the colony of Georgia. He did not wait for the news to come from Philadelphia before he espoused the cause of liberty; but, quite the reverse, it appears that fully two years in advance of the Declaration of Independence he was warning England of what might be expected in the Western Hemisphere if representation and reform were much longer delayed. The preliminary events which ushered in the American Revolution found Archibald Bulloch in the very forefront of the great cause; but he was debarred from attending the Continental Congress of 1776, whose members signed the immortal charter of freedom, because he happened at the time to be president of the Executive Council of Georgia. The royal governors having been relieved of "the cares of office," he was exercising the functions of the chief magistrate; and, occupying this position at the time of Georgia's formal separation from the crown, he was the first governor of the independent commonwealth.

Writing from Philadelphia, shortly before the big national bonfire was kindled, old John Adams addressed a letter to Archibald Bulloch which throws some light upon the part which the Georgia patriot had been playing in Colonial affairs. Mr. Adams told him that he was "greatly disappointed" to learn that he was not to occupy his

former seat in Congress, as he had "flattered himself with hopes" that he was soon to join his old colleagues, and to give them "the additional strength of his abilities." Moreover, he declared by way of prophetic intimation, that "a temper much more agreeable" to his wishes was likely to prevail. "But," he added, “I understand your countrymen have done themselves the justice to place you at the head of affairs at home, a station in which you may perhaps render more essential service to them and to America than you could here."

An examination of the files of the Georgia Gazette will show that a call to the inhabitants of Savannah, dated July 14, 1774, urging them to consider the propriety of resisting the oppressions of Great Britain, bears the signature of Archibald Bulloch. Exactly one year later he was appointed a delegate to represent Georgia in the Continental Congress at Philadelphia; but before his commission expired he was elected president of the Executive Council of Georgia and put in charge of State affairs. Notwithtsanding this important responsibility, he seems also to have been once more elected on February 2, 1776, to the Continental Congress; but he was prevented from repairing to Philadelphia on account of official duties in Georgia.

To show what Mr. Bulloch thought of Tories, he told Colonel Laurens, of South Carolina, to whom he wrote on February 15, 1776, that "there were few righteous souls among them." He declared that they were regular Esaus, and said that assistance was wanted from South Carolina "to overcome such men as would sell their birth

right for a mess of pottage." On being elected president of the Executive Council he avowed that "from the origin of the unhappy disputes" he "had heartily approved of the conduct of the Americans." And he hastened to add that his approbation was not the result of prejudice, but proceeded from the conviction that what the colonists had done was "agreeable to constitutional principles." "This is no time for moderation," exclaimed the old patriot. "An awful appeal has been made to heaven and thousands of lives are in jeopardy every hour. God forbid that so, noble a contest should end in an infamous conclusion."

Dr. White in his "Collections," says that when the intelligence of what was done in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, reached Savannah, Mr. Bulloch proclaimed the Declaration of Independence to the excited populace, being the first man to read this precious document in Georgia; and still another authority states that the document was brought directly from Philadelphia by a special messenger on horseback. But it seldom happens that the forerunner is permitted to figure to any very large extent in what follows. This was conspicuously the case with Patrick Henry. But the only way in which Archibald Bulloch could be kept from battling in the foreground was by removal from the scene of action; and, soon after hostilities commenced, the sturdy old patriot breathed his last. However, it was reserved for another Georgia ancestor to continue the work which he was now obliged to lay down and, with the proper martial accoutrements, to apply the finishing touches to the hero of San Juan.

What an out-and-out Democrat Archibald Bulloch was may be gathered from an incident which occurred just before the Revolutionary outbreak. Colonel Lachlan Mc