...describes it creates a condition of equality. How is this claim to be read? Walzer explains it as follows: In formal terms, complex equality means that no citizen's...his children, entrepreneurial opportunities, and so on.23 22 Williams, 'The Idea of Equality', 131. 23 M. Walzer, Spheres of Justice (Oxford: Martin Robertson,...

...the recognition of "complex equality." The regime of complex equality is the opposite of tyranny, ll establishes a set of relationships such that domination...his children, entrepreneurial opportunities, and so on.22 Walzer, in effect, accepts society's historical differentiation into multiple spheres as one...

...across many different spheres of distribution. Walzer (1983: 19-20) expresses this point by noting that citizen X may be chosen over citizen Y for political...relation of equality to the men and women they govern . The conclusion of this argument forbids any good from serving as the basis for access to other goods...

...unequal generally so long as X's office gives him no advantages over Y in any other sphere—superior medical care, access to better schools for his children, entrepreneurial opportunities, and so on. (19) In Walzer's opinion, then, fairly large—even monopolistic—inequalities in the distribution...

...politics. But they will not be unequal generally so long as X's office gives him no advantages over Y in am other sphere superior medical care, access to better...relation of equality to the men and women they govern. [. . .] The critique of dominance and domination points toward an open-ended distributive principle....

...according to medieval writers, when they seize the property or invade the family of their subjects.I4 In political life — but more widely, too — the...entrepreneurial opportunities, and so on. So long as I9 office is not a dominant good, is not generally convertible, office holders will stand, or at least...

...with regard to some other good. Thus, citizen X may be chosen over citizen Y for political office, and the two of them will be unequal in the sphere of politics....to better schools for his children, entrepreneurial skills, and so on (Walzer: 1983, 18-19). Applied to citizenship, simple equality would require that...

...equality. Each social good represents a distinct sphere of justice and complex equality obtains when No citizen's standing in one sphere or with regard...children, entrepreneurial opportunities, and so on. (Walzer, 1983: 19) Complex equality is contrasted with the system of simple equality. The former seeks...

...the sphere of politics. But they will be equal generally so long as X's office gives him no advantage over Y in any other sphere - superior medical care,...his children, entrepreneurial opportunities, and so on.86 Although Walzer's vision of complex equality is compelling, sceptics have pressed him to explain...