(1618

perfect.

21-8. Dryden there See Preface to the Fables, edition of Scott and Saintsbury, Vol. XI, p. 224.

b. 10. Chapman, George Chapman 1559?1634), an English poet and dramatist, best known for his translation of Homer.

14. Gades, a Phenician colony on the spot where Cadiz now stands, on the western coast of Spain. Aurora, the dawn, the East.

15. Ganges, the sacred river of India.

21. Milton writing. See Milton's An Apology for Smectymnuus, Prose Works (ed. Bohn), Vol. III, pp. 117-118.

29. Dryden telling us. See the Postscript to the Reader appended to Dryden's translation of the Eneid.

41. Restoration, the reestablishment of the English monarchy with the return of Charles II in

Auerbach's Cellar is to be found near the beginning of the First Part of Faust.

9. Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 380 B. C.), the greatest of the Greek writers of comedy.

36. We twa, etc., from Auld Lang Syne. paidl't, paddled. burn, stream, brook.

37. dine, dinner-time.

38. braid, broad.

39. Sin auld lang syne, since old times. 52. Pinnacled

inane, Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, Act III, Sc. iv, 1. 204.

b. 1. On the brink, etc., from Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, Act II, Sc. v.

10. minnie, mother. deave, pester.

SOHRAB AND RUSTRUM

840. 2. Oxus, the chief river of central Asia, flowing northwest into the Aral Sea.

3. Tartar camp. The Tartars were nomadic tribes of central Asia and southern Russia. 841. 11. Peran-Wisa, a chief of central Asia, in command of Afrasiab's army of various Tartar tribes.

15. Pamere, a plateau region of central Asia. 38. Afrasiab, king of the Tartars. 40. Samarcand, a city in Turkestan. 42. Ader-baijan, the northwest province of Per

sia.

60. common fight, general engagement.

82. Seistan, a province of southwest Afghanistan, bordering on Persian territory.

85. Persian King, Kai Khosroo. See line 223. 842. 101. Kara-Kul, a district in the southern part of central Asia.

107. Haman, a leader of the Tartars, next to Peran-Wisa in command.

113. Casbin, a fortified city in the northern part of Persia.

114. Elburs, mountains on the northern border of Persia. Aralian, on the Aral Sea, in central Asia.

115. frore, frozen.

119. Bokhara, a large district in central Asia, of which Bokhara, is the capital.

120. Khiva, a district in the valley of the lower Oxus.

121. Toorkmuns, a branch of the Turkish race, living in central Asia, east of the Caspian Set. 122. Tukas, from northwest Persia. Salore, a tribe living east of the Caspian Sea.

123. Attruck, a river in northern Persia. 128. Ferghana, a district in Turkestan. 129. Jaxartes, an ancient name of the Sir-Daria River, which flows northwest through Turkestan into the Aral Sea.

131. Kipchak, a district in central Asia.

132. Kalmucks, Mongolian nomads dwelling in western Siberia.

Kuzzaks, Cossacks, a warlike people in southern Russia and in various parts of Asia.

133. Kirghizzes, a nomadic people in northern Turkestan.

138. Ilyats of Khorassan. Khorassan is a prov ince in northeastern Persia.

156. corn, grain.

160. Cabool, an important commercial city of northern Afghanistan.

161. Indian Caucasus, a range of mountains on the boundary between Turkestan and Afghanistan. 843. 217. Iran's, Persia's.

844. 257. plain arms, arms not emblazoned with devices. See line 266.

277. Dight, adorned, harnessed.

286. Bahrein, or Aval Islands, in the Persian Gulf, celebrated for their pearl-fisheries.

288. tale, reckoning, count.

846. 412. Hyphasis, Hydaspes, two rivers in northern India.

414. wrack, ruin.

847. 452. autumn-star, Sirius, the Dog Star. 497. shore, cut.

508. curdled, thickened.

848. 590. Ader-baijan. See 1. 42.

592. Koords, a semi-independent people of western Persia.

596. bruited up, noised abroad.

849. 613. style, name.

851. 750. Seistan. See 1. 82.

751. Helmund, a river in Seistan, in Afghanistan. 752. Zirrah, a lake in Seistan.

763-4. Moorghab, Tejend, Hohik, rivers in Turkestan.

765. The northern Sir, the Maxartes. See 1. 129. 852. 861. Jemshid, a mythical king. Persepolis, an ancient capital of Persia.

878. Chorasmian waste, a region of Turkestan. 880. Right... star, i.e., due north. Orgunje, a village near the delta of the Oxus. 887. Pamere. See 1. 15.

890. luminous home, the Aral Sea.

THE SCHOLAR GIPSY

'There was very lately a lad in the University of Oxford who was by his poverty forced to leave his studies there and at last to join himself to a company of vagabond gipsies. Among these extravagant people, by the insinuating subtilty of his carriage, he quickly got so much of their love and esteem that they discovered to him their mystery. After he had been a pretty while exercized in the trade, there chanced to ride by a couple of scholars who had formerly been of his acquaintance. They quickly spied out their old friend among the gipsies, and he gave them an account of the necessity which drove him to that kind of life, and told them that the people he went with were not such impostors as they were taken for, but that they had a traditional kind of learning among them, and could do wonders by the power of imagination, their fancy binding that of others; that himself had learned much of their art, and when he had compassed the whole secret, he intended, he said, to leave their company, and give the world an account of what he had learned.' (Glanvil's Vanity of Dogmatizing, 1661.)

2. wattled cotes, sheep-folds.

853. 19. corn, grain.

31. Glanvil's book. See note above.

42. erst, formerly.

57. Hurst, Cumner Hurst, a hill a few miles southwest of Oxford.

58. Berkshire, a county south of Oxford. 59. ingle-bench, bench in the chimney-corner. 854. 74. Bab-lock-hithe, a village about four miles southwest of Oxford.

79. Wychwood bowers, Wychwood Forest, ten miles or so northwest from Oxford.

83. Fyfield elm in May, the May-pole dance at Fyfield, some six miles southwest of Oxford.

91. Godstow Bridge, about two miles up the Thames from Oxford.

95. lasher pass, mill race.

111. Bagley Wood, southwest of Oxford.

114. tagged, marked.

115. Thessaly, the name of the northeastern district of ancient Greece, here given to a ground near Bagley Wood.

125. Hinksey, a village a short distance south of Oxford.

855. 129. Christ-Church, a large and fashionable college in Oxford.

133. Glanvil, Joseph Glanvil (1636-1680), English clergyman and writer.

an

147. teen, sorrow. turn. 856. 208-9. Averse Dido, queen of Carthage, deserted by her lover Æneas, slew herself. When Æneas encountered her on his jour ney through Hades, she turned scornfully away from him.

220. dingles, wooded dells.

232. Tyrian, a city of Phenicia, anciently an important commercial center.

236. Egean isles, islands of the Egean Sea, east of Greece.

238. Chian wine. Chios, an island in the Ægean, was noted for its wine.

239. tunnies, a kind of fish.

244. Midland waters, Mediterranean Sea.

245. Syrtes, Gulf of Sidra, on northern coast of Africa.

247. western straits, Strait of Gibraltar,

250. Iberians, inhabitants of Spain and Portugal.

RUGBY CHAPEL

Written in memory of the poet's father, Dr. Thomas Arnold (1795-1842), head-master of Rugby, whose remains are interred in Rugby Chapel.

ROSSETTI: FRANCESCA DA RIMINI

Francesca da Rimini, an Italian lady of the thirteenth century, became the wife of Giovanni Malatesta. Having discovered the love between Francesca and his young brother Paolo, Giovanni killed them both. An incident in the love-story of Paolo and Francesca is put into the mouth of Francesca in Dante's Divine Comedy, Hell, Canto v, whence it is here rendered by Rossetti.

861. 17. Lancelot, the lover of Queen Guenevere, in several medieval romances.

862. 26. A Galahalt. Galahalt was the go-between for Lancelot and Guenevere. Hence the book that brought Paolo and Francesca together is here called a Galahalt.'

THE KING'S TRAGEDY

'Tradition says that Catherine Douglas, in honor of her heroic act when she barred the door with her arm against the murderers of James the First of Scots, received popularly the name of "Barlass." This name remains to her descendants, the Barlas family, in Scotland, who bear for their crest a broken arm. She married Alexander Lovell of Bolunnie.

A few stanzas from King James's lovely poem, known as The King's Quair, are quoted in the course of this ballad. The writer must express regret for the necessity which has compelled him to shorten the ten-syllabled lines to eight syllables, in order that they might harmonize with the ballad meter.' (Rossetti.)

The passages from The King's Quair quoted in the present poem are printed in italics.

James I was murdered at Perth, Feb. 20, 1437, by the Earl of Atholl and Robert Graham (Græme). 864. 8. palm-play ball, an old kind of tennis in which the ball was struck with the hand rather than with a racket.

25. Bass Rock, an islet at the entrance of the Firth of Forth.

29. England's king, Henry IV.

30. long years immured. In 1405, on his way from Scotland to France, James was captured by the English, and detained in one English prison or another until 1424.

37. a lady, Joan Beaufort, daughter of the Earl of Somerset. She became the wife of James in 1424.

41. a sweeter song, a reference to King James' poem, The King's Quair.

865. 45. teen, sorrow, grief.

48. At Scone crowned. Scone, in Perthshire, Scotland, was the traditional scene of Scottish coronations. The coronations of James I and Joan occurred on May 21, 1424.

72. leaguer, siege. Roxbro' hold, Roxburgh Cas tle, on the Tweed, near the English border, besieged by James I in 1436.

106. Three Estates, that is, the nobility, the clergy,

and the common people.

122. Grame. See introductory note above. 866. 157. sea-wold, open land on the sea.

162. writhen, twisted.

165. rack, floating mass of clouds.

176. Duchray

Dhu. The Duchray is probably the smallest stream west of Loch Lomond. A Loch Dhu is found in southwest Aberdeenshire. 179. Inchkeith Isle, a small island in the Firth of Forth.

181. cerecloth, waxed cloth, used in burial.

183. Links of Forth, slightly undulating land on the Firth of Forth.

192. drouth, thirst, lack.

867. 217. hind, peasant.

246. solace and disport, pleasure and entertain.

316. Worship, ye lovers. The lines printed in italics are adapted from King James' The King's Quair.

343. blissful aventure, happy chance.

388. pearl-tired, attired in pearls.

869. 414. voidee-cup, a drink of spiced wine served well after dinner-time and before bed-time. 424. riven and brast, torn and broken.

430. hurdles, narrow boards.

440. ingle-nook, a corner by the fire.

442. arrased wall, hung with tapestries from Arras.

445. dight, prepared, placed.

448. doffed, took off.

462. dule to dree, sorrow to suffer.

469. Aberdour, north of Edinburgh, on the north shore of the Firth of Forth.

870. 532. heft, handle.

871. 585. litters, movable bed-frames.

873. 751. requiem-knell, the bell at requiem-mass for the dead.

1. Argolis, one of the states of Greece.

2. the goddess, Venus.

6. murk, what is left of fruit after the juice has been extracted.

8. close, enclosure.

FIRST CHORUS

895. 5-8. nightingale . . Itylus Thracian ships tongueless vigil. Philomela and Procné were daughters of Pandion, king of Attica, who gave Procné in marriage to his ally, the Thracian king Tereus. After Procné had borne a son, Itys (Itylus), Tereus concealed her in the country, that he might dishonor her sister Philomela. Having accomplished his purpose, he deprived Philomela of her tongue. By embroidering her story on a robe, however, Philomela communicated the truth to Procné, whereupon Procné killed her son and served his flesh on a dish before Tereus. When Tereus pursued the fleeing sisters, the gods granted them an escape by transforming Procné into a swallow and Philomela into a nightingale. 10. Maiden most perfect, Artemis.

896. 41. Pan, god of flocks and shepherds.

44. Mænad, a female worshipper of Bacchus. Bassarid, a Lydian or Thracian bacchanal.

THIRD CHORUS

897. 49. Aphrodite, Venus, goddess of love.

136, 146. Tyro, Enipeus. Tyro was the wife of Cretheus, beloved by the river-god Enipeus in Thessaly.

THE GARDEN OF PROSPERPINE 898. 28. Prosperpine, queen of the infernal regions. During the six months of the year that she passed in Olympus she was considered an amiable and propitious divinity; but during the six months in Hades she was stern and terrible. She personified the changing seasons.

HERTHA

Hertha, or Nerthus was the Germanic goddess of the earth, of fertility, and of growth.

Written for the three hundredth anniversary of the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English.

907. 8. affrayed, frightened.

908. 28. when Athens hurled back Asia. A reference to the wars between the Persians and the Greeks, which began in 500 B. C. and ended about 449 B. C.

33. the fierce July. The Armada descended upon England in July, 1588.

34. galleon, a large, unwieldy vessel, usually having 3 or 4 decks. galliass, a large galley carrying, usually, 3 masts and some 20 guns.

39. bastions of serpentine. A bastion is a part of a fortification projecting from the main rampart. A serpentine is a kind of cannon.

41. charged with bale, laden with destruction. 46. the Lion, the symbol of England. 909. 63. the helmsman's bark, boat of Charon, in which souls were ferried across the Styx.

65. told, counted.

910. 110. burgeon, bud, sprout. yearn, feel desire. 124. hurtles, knocks violently, dashes.

133. Python, a huge serpent which lived on Mount Parnassus.

911. 194. Sark, one of the Channel Islands, off the northern coast of France. Wight, the Isle of Wight.

213. England's Drake, Sir Francis Drake, viceadmiral to Lord Howard.

912. 238. Oquendo, Miguel de Oquendo, the most valiant of the captains under the Spanish admiral, the Duke of Medina.

246. Humber, Tees, Tyne, Tweed, English rivers emptying into the North Sea.

252. Forth, the Firth of Forth, in Scotland.

254. quarry, game.

262. ruth, pity.

913. 264. Shetlands and Orkneys, groups of islands off the northern coast of Scotland.

284. the pontiff, the pope.

290. fulfilled, filled full.

292. guerdon, reward.

301. Sixtus, Sixtus V, Pope 1585-90.

302. Philip, Philip II, King of Spain 1556-98. 914. 309. rede is read, doom is assigned.

COR CORDIUM

Cor cordium, Heart of Hearts,'- the words on Shelley's tomb in Rome.

NON DOLET

4. the Roman wife. Pætus Cæcina was ordered by the Emperor Claudius to take his own life; and when he hesitated, his wife Arria stabbed herself, crying, "Pæte, non dolet" (Pætus, it does not hurt).' (Beatty.)

ON THE DEATHS OF THOMAS CARLYLE AND GEORGE ELIOT

Carlyle and George Eliot died in the same year, 1881.

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE

9-10. These two lines are quoted from Marlowe's Tamburlaine, Part I, Act v, Scene 1.

PATER: STYLE

916. b. 7. Bacon. See above, p. 187.

8. Livy, Titus Livius (59 B. C.-17 A. D.), greatest of the Roman historians. Carlyle. See p. 714. 9. Cicero, Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 B. C.-43 B. C.), the celebrated orator, philosopher, and statesman. Newman. See p. 702.

10. Plato (429 or 427-347 B. C.), a famous Greek philosopher. Michelet, Jules Michelet (1798-1874), French historian and man of letters. Sir Thomas Browne. See p. 200.

12. Milton. See p. 236. Taylor. See p. 221. 917. a. 7. Lycidas. See p. 240.

15. Dryden. See p. 266.

46. dichotomy, a division into two parts.

48. De Quincey. See p. 683.

b. 17. Pascal, Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French mathematician, philosopher, and man of letters.

the French man of letters, Gustave Flaubert (18211880).

8. Stendhal's Le Rouge et Le Noir, a novel by Marie Henri Beyle (1783-1842), best known by his pseudonym De Stendhal.'

36. Michelangelo, Michelagnolo Buonarroti (14751564), a famous Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.

b. 47. Dean Mansel, Henry Longueville Mansel (1820-1871), dean of St. Paul's, an English metaphysician.

Emanuel

922. b. 30. ante-penultimate, immediately preceding that one of a series which is next to the last one. 55. Blake. See p. 485. 923. a. 36. Swedenborg, Swedenborg (1688-1772), a Swedish philosopher and theosophist. Tracts of the Times, a series of 90 pamphlets published at Oxford from 1833-1841, to which Newman, Pusey, and others contributed. See p. 702. b. 29-39. series of letters. Madame X. Flaubert's letters to Madame X., in which he so often disparages human love and exalts the love of art, were written during the latter half of the year 1846. Madame X. was Madame Colet.

...

924. a. 55. a sympathetic commentator, Guy de Maupassant, who wrote an introduction to Lettres de Gustave Flaubert à George Sand. The passage here quoted will be found in the edition of Paris, 1884, pp. lxii-lxv.

b. 48. Blake's rapturous design. See p. 485. 925. b. 2. ennuis, wearinesses, vexations.

37. Buffon, the Comte de Buffon (1707-1788), a celebrated French naturalist. Especially known to literary criticism for his Discours sur le style (1853).

926. a. 41. Scott's facility. See p. 579.

b. 13. Les Misérables, a famous novel by Victor Marie Hugo (1802-1885).

44. Raphael, Raphael Santi (1483-1520), a famous Italian painter.

927. a. 8. Flaubert's commentator, Guy de Maupassant. See Lettres de Gustave Flaubert à George Sand, Paris, 1884, pp. lxi-lxii.

32. Bach, Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), one of the greatest of German musicians.

b. 22. The Divine Comedy, the greatest work of the greatest of Italian poets, Dante Alighieri (1265-1321).

STEVENSON: THE FOREIGNER AT HOME 929. a. 4. biggin', building.

17. Black Country. In the English Midlands. Moor of Rannoch. In Perthshire.

b. 22. Miss Bird. Isabella L. Bird, authoress of a popular book of travel, Unbeaten Tracks in Japan.

930. a. 35. plausible, pleasing, acceptable. 52. roundly, plainly, flatly.

53. a Scottish legal body. The Society of Scottish Advocates, whose examinations Stevenson passed at his father's request, though he never practiced law. See his Apology for Idlers.

b. 27. bickering, flushing, quivering.