A CONTINUATION OF THE VISION. WITH much labour and difficulty I passed through the first part of my vision, and recovered the centre of the wood, from whence I had the prospect of the three great roads. I here joined myself to the middle-aged party of mankind, who marched behind the standard of Ambition. The great road lay in a direct line, and was terminated by the Temple of Virtue. It was planted on each side with laurels, which were intermixed with marble trophies, carved pillars, and statues of law-givers, heroes, statesmen, philosophers, and poets. The persons who travelled up this great path were such whose thoughts were bent upon doing eminent services to mankind, or promoting the good of their country. On each side of this great road were several paths, that were also laid out in straight lines, and ran parallel with it. These were most of them covered walks, and received into them men of retired virtue, who proposed to themselves the same end of their journey, though they chose to make it in shade and obscurity. The edifices at the extremity of the walk were so contrived, that we could not see the Temple of Honour' by reason of the Temple of Virtue,' which stood before it. At the gates of this temple we were met by the goddess of it, who conducted us into that of Honour, which was joined to the other edifice by a beautiful triumphal arch, and had no other entrance into it. When the deity of the inner structure had received us, she presented us in a body to a figure that was placed over the high-altar, and was the emblem of Eternity. She sat on a globe in the midst of a golden zodiac, holding the figure of a sun in one hand, and a moon in the other. Her head was veiled, and her feet covered. Our hearts glowed within us, as we stood amidst the sphere of light which this image cast on every side of it. · fardingal. This place was filled with hypocrites, pedants, free-thinkers, and prating politicians; with a rabble of those who have only titles to make them great men. Female votaries crowded the temple, choked up the avenues of it, and were more in number than the sand upon the sea shore. I made it my business, in my return towards that part of the wood from whence I first set out, to observe the walk which led to this temple; for I met in it several who had begun their journey with the band of virtuous persons, and travelled some time in their company; but, upon examination, I found that there were several paths which led out of the great road into the sides of the wood, and ran into so many crooked turns and windings, that those who travelled through them, often turned their backs upon the Temple of Virtue;' then crossed the straight road, and sometimes marched in it for a little space, until the crooked path which they were engaged in, again led them into the wood. The several alleys of these wanderers had their particular ornaments. One of them I could not but take notice of in the walk of the mischievous pretenders to politics, which had at every turn the figure of a person, whom, by the inscription, I found to be Machiavel, pointing out the way with an extended finger, like a Mercury. I was now returned in the same manner as before, with a design to observe carefully every thing that passed in the region of Avarice, and the occurrences in that assembly, which was made up of persons of my own age. This body of travellers had not gone far in the third great road, before it led them insensibly into a deep valley, in which they journied several days with great toil and uneasiness, and without the necessary refreshments of food and sleep. The only relief they met with, was in a river that ran through the bottom of the valley on a bed of golden sand. They often drank of this stream, which had such a particular quality in it, that though it refreshed them for a time, it rather inflamed than quenched their thirst. On each side of the river was a range of hills full of precious ore; for, where the rains had washed off the earth, one might see in several parts of them long veins of gold, and rocks that looked like pure silver. We were told, that the deity of Having seen all that happened to this band the place had forbidden any of his votaries to of adventurers, I repaired to another pile of dig into the bowels of these hills, or convert the building that stood within view of the Temple treasures they contained to any use, under pain of Honour,' and was raised in imitation of of starving. At the end of the valley stood the it, upon the very same model; but, at my ap-Temple of Avarice,' made after the manner of proach to it, I found that the stones were laid a fortification, and surrounded with a thousand together without mortar, and that the whole triple-headed dogs, that were placed there to fabric stood upon so weak a foundation, that it keep off beggars.. At our approach, they all shook with every wind that blew. This was called the Temple of Vanity.' The goddess of it sat in the midst of a great many tapers, that burned day and night, and made her ap-native. Having discovered in his conduct a great deal pear much better than she would have done in open day-light. Her whole art was, to show herself more beautiful and majestic than she really was. For which reason she had painted her face, and wore a cluster of false jewels upon her breast; but what I more particularly observed was, the breadth of her petticoat, which was made altogether in the fashion of a modern *Nicholas Machiavel, an ingenious man and an elegant writer, was secretary, and afterwards historiographer to the republic of Florence, of which he was a of republican spirit, and bestowed many encomiums on Brutus and Cassius, both in his conversation and writings, he was suspected of being concerned in the machinations of Soderini against the house of Medicis. He suffered the torture upon this suspicion, and had strength enough to bear the torment without confessing any thing. Having led a miserable life for some time, self to irreligion, he died, in 1530, of a remedy which he turning every thing into ridicule, and abandoning himtook by way of precaution. fell a-barking, and would have very much terrified us, had not an old woman who called her. self by the forged name of Competency, offered herself for our guide. She carried, under her garment, a golden bough, which she no sooner held up in her hand, but the dogs lay down, and the gates flew open for our reception. We were led through a hundred iron doors before we entered the temple. At the upper end of it sat the god of Avarice, with a long filthy beard, and a meagre starved countenance, inclosed with heaps of ingots, and pyramids of money, but half naked and shivering with cold. On his right hand was a fiend called Rapine; and, on his left, a particular favourite, to whom he had given the title of Parsimony. The first was his collector, and the other his cashier. There were several long tables placed on each side of the temple, with respective officers attending behind them. Some of these I inquired into. At the first table was kept the 'Oflice of Corruption.' Seeing a solicitor extremely busy, and whispering every body that passed by; I kept my eyes upon him very attentively, and saw him often going up to a person that had a pen in his hand, with a multiplication table and an almanack before him, which, as I afterwards heard, was all the learning he was master of. The solicitor would often apply himself to his car, and at the same time convey money into his hand, for which the other would give him out a piece of paper or parchment, signed and sealed in form. The name of this dexterous and successful solicitor was Bribery. At the next table was the Office of Extortion.' Behind it sat a person in a bob wig, counting over great sums of money. He gave out little purses to several; who, after a short tour, brought him, in return, sacks full of the same kind of coin. I saw, at the same time, a person called Fraud, who sat behind a counter with false scales, light weights, and scanty measures; by the skilful application of which instruments, she had got together an immense heap of wealth. It would be endless to name the several officers, or describe the votaries that attended in this temple. There were many old men, panting and breathless, reposing their heads on bags of money; nay, many of them actually dying, whose very pangs and convulsions, which rendered their purses useless to them, only made them grasp them the faster. There were some tearing with one hand all things, even to the garments and flesh of many miserable persons who stood before them; and, with the other hand, throw ing away what they had seized, to harlots, flatterers, and panders, that stood behind them. On a sudden, the whole assembly fell a trembling; and upon inquiry, I found that the great room we were in was haunted with a spectre, that many times a day appeared to them, and terrified them to distraction. In the midst of their terror and amazement, the apparition entered, which I immediately knew to be Poverty. Whether it were by my acquaintance with this phantom, which had rendered the sight of her more familiar to me, or however it was, she did not make so indigent or frightful a figure in my eye, as the god of this loathsome temple. The miserable votaries of this place were, I found, of another mind. Every one fancied himself threatened by the apparition as she stalked about the room, and began to lock their coffers, and tie their bags with the utmost fear and trembling. I must confess, I look upon the passion which I saw in this unhappy people, to be of the same nature with those unaccountable antipathies which some persons are born with, or rather as a kind of phrenzy, not unlike that which throws a man into terrors and agonies, at the sight of so useful and innocent a thing as water. The whole assembly was surprized, when, instead of paying my devotions to the deity whom they all adored, they saw me address myself to the phantom. Oh Poverty said I, 'my first petition to thee is, that thou wouldest never appear to me hereafter; but, if thou wilt not grant me this, that then thou wouldest not bear a form more terrible than that in which thou appearest to me at present. Let not thy threats and menaces betray me to any thing that is ungrateful, or unjust. Let me not shut my ears to the cries of the needy. Let me not forget the person that has deserved well of me. Let me not, for any fear of thee, desert my friend, my principles, or my honor. If Wealth is to visit me, and to come with her usual attendants, Vanity and Avarice, do thou, O Poverty! hasten to my rescue; but bring along with thee the two sisters, in whose company thou art always cheerful, Liberty and Innocence.' The conclusion of this vision must be deferred to another opportunity. No. 124.] Tuesday, January 24, 1709. Ex humili summa ad fastigia rerum From my own Apartment, January 23. the city; and, as I passed through Cheapside, I WENT on Saturday last to make a visit in I saw crowds of people turning down towards the Bank, and struggling who should first get their money into the new-erected lottery.* It gave me a great notion of the credit of our prepeople press as eagerly to pay money, as they sent government and administration, to find would to receive it; and, at the same time, a due respect for that body of men who have found out so pleasing an expedient for carrying on the common cause, that they have turned a tax into a diversion. The cheerfulness of spirit, and the hopes of success, which this project has occasioned in this great city, lightens the burden of the war, and puts me in mind of some games, which, they say, were invented by *The earliest lottery that is recollected was in 1569, consisting of 40,000 lots, at 10s. each lot. The prizes were plate, and the profits were to go towards repairing door of St. Paul's Cathedral; and the drawing which began Jan. 11, continued incessantly, day and night, till May 6. There were then only three lottery-offices in London. The curious reader will find more on thus the havens of the kingdom. It was drawn at the west subject in Gent. Mag. 1779, p. 170. wise men, who were lovers of their country, to what she is to be, that I treated her accordmake their fellow-citizens undergo the tedious-ingly, and said to her, Pray, young lady, perness and fatigues of a long siege. I think there mit me to pass by.' I would for this reason is a kind of homage due to fortune, if I may advise all masters and mistresses, to carry it call it so, and that I should be wanting to my- with great moderation and condescension toself, if I did not lay in my pretences to her wards their servants until next Michaelmas, favour, and pay my compliments to her by re- lest the superiority at that time should be incommending a ticket to her disposal. For this verted. I must likewise admonish all my reason, upon my return to my lodgings, I sold brethren and fellow-adventurers, to fill their off a couple of globes and a telescope, which, minds with proper arguments for their support with the cash I had by me, raised the sum that and consolation in case of ill success. It so hapwas requisite for that purpose. I find by my pens in this particular, that though the gainers calculations, that it is but a hundred and fifty will have reason to rejoice, the losers will have thousand to one, against my being worth a thou- no reason to complain. I remember the day sand pounds per annum for thirty-two years; after the thousand pound prize was drawn in the and if any plumb in the city will lay me a hun-penny-lottery,* I went to visit a splenetic acdred and fifty thousand pounds to twenty shil-quaintance of mine, who was under much dejeclings, which is an even bet, that I am not this tion, and seemed to me to have suffered some fortunate man, I will take the wager, and shall great disappointinent. Upon inquiry, I found look upon him as a man of singular courage he had put two-pence for himself and his son and fair dealing; having given orders to Mr. into the lottery, and that neither of them had Morphew to subscribe such a policy in my be. drawn the thousand pounds. Hereupon this hali, if any person accepts of the offer. I must unlucky person took occasion to enumerate confess, I have had such private intimations the misfortunes of his life, and concluded with from the twinkling of a certain star in some of telling me, that he never was successful in my astronomical observations, that I should be any of his undertakings.' I was forced to unwilling to take fifty pounds a year for my comfort him with the common reflection upon chance, unless it were to oblige a particular such occasions, that men of the greatest merit friend. My chief business at present is, to pre- are not always men of the greatest success, pare my mind for this change of fortune: for, and that persons of his character, must not as Seneca, who was a greater moralist, and a expect to be as happy as fools.' I shall promuch richer man than I shall be with this ad- ceed in the like manner with my rivals and dition to my present income, says, Munera ista competitors for the thousand pounds a-year, Fortune putatis? Insidiæ sunt. What we which we are now in pursuit of; and, that I look upon as gifts and presents of fortune, may give general content to the whole body of are traps and snares which she lays for the un- candidates, I shall allow all that draw prizes to wary.' I am arming myself against her favours be fortunate, and all that miss them to be wise. with all my philosophy; and, that I may not lose myself in such a redundance of unnecessary and superfluous wealth, I have determined to settle an annual pension out of it upon a family of Palatines, and by that means give these unhappy strangers a taste of British property. At the same time, as I have an excellent servantmaid, whose diligence in attending me has increased, in proportion to my infirmities, I shall settle upon her the revenue arising out of the ten pounds, and amounting to fourteen shillings per annum; with which she may retire into Wales, where she was born a gentlewoman, and pass the remaining part of her days in a condition suitable to her birth and quality. It was impossible for me to make an inspection into my own fortune on this occasion, without seeing, at the same time, the fate of others who are embarked in the same adventure. And indeed it was a great pleasure to me to observe, that the war, which generally impoverishes those who furnish out the expense of it, will, by this means, give estates to some, without making others the poorer for it. I have lately seen several in liveries, who will give as good of their own very suddenly; and took a particular satisfaction in the sight of a young country-wench, whom I this morning passed by as she was whirling her mop, with her petticoats tucked up very agreeably, who, if there is any truth in my art, is within ten months of being the handsomest great fortune in town. I must confess, I was so struck with the foresight of I must not here omit to acknowledge, that I have received several letters upon this subject, but find one common error running through them all, which is, that the writers of them believe their fate in these cases depends upon the astrologer, and not upon the stars; as in the following letter from one, who, I fear, flat. ters himself with hopes of success which are altogether groundless, since he does not seem to me so great a fool as he takes himself to be. 'SIR,-Coming to town, and finding my friend Mr. Partridge dead and buried, and you the only conjuror in repute, I am under a necessity of applying myself to you for a favour, which, nevertheless, I confess it would better become a friend to ask, than one who is, as I am, altogether a stranger to you; but poverty, you know, is impudent; and as that gives me the occasion, so that alone could give me the confidence to be thus importunate. I am, sir, very poor, and very desirous to be otherwise: I have got ten pounds, which I deWhat I desire of you is, that by your art you sign to venture in the lottery now on foot. will choose such a ticket for me as shall arise a benefit sufficient to maintain me. I must beg leave to inform you that I am good for lot than would satisfy those who are capable, nothing, and must therefore insist upon a larger *This penny-lottery seems to have been a private un. dertaking, not warranted by act of parliament, or intended to raise any part of the public revenue. I cannot forbear publishing another letter which I have received, because it redounds to my own credit, as well as to that of a very honest footman. Jan. 23, 1709-10. by their own abilities, of adding something to commonwealth of lunatics. For this reason, what you should assign them; whereas I must he regards his expulsion from Rome, as a man expect an absolute independent maintenance, would, being turned out of Bedlam, if the inbecause, as I said, I can do nothing. It is habitants of it should drive him out of their possible, after this free confession of mine, walls as a person unfit for their community. you may think I do not deserve to be rich; We are, therefore, to look upon every man's but I hope you will likewise observe, I can ill brain to be touched, however he may appear in afford to be poor. My own opinion is, that I the general conduct of his life, if he has an unam well qualified for an estate, and have a justifiable singularity in any part of his congood title to luck in a lottery; but I resign versation or behaviour, or if he swerves from myself wholly to your mercy, not without hopes right reason, however common his kind of that you will consider, the less I deserve, the madness may be, we shall not excuse him for greater the generosity in you. If you reject its being epidemical; it being our present deme, I have agreed with an acquaintance of sign to clap up all such as have the marks of mine to bury me for my ten pounds. I once madness upon them, who are now permitted to more recommend myself to your favour, and go about the streets for no other reason but bebid you adieu.' cause they do no mischief in their fits. Abundance of imaginary great men are put in straw to bring them to a right sense of themselves. And is it not altogether as reasonable, that an insignificant man, who has an immoderate opinion of his merits, and a quite different notion of his own abilities from what the rest of the world entertain, should have the same care taken of him as a beggar who fancies himself who starves in the midst of plenty, be trusted a duke or a prince? Or why should a man, with himself, more than he who fancies he is an emperor in the midst of poverty? I have several women of quality in my thoughts, who set so exorbitant a value upon themselves, that I have often most heartily pitied them, and wished them for their recovery under the same discipline with the pewterer's wife. I find, by several hints in ancient authors, that when the Romans were in the height of power and luxury, they assigned out of their vast dominions an island called Anticyra, as an habitation for madinen. This was the Bedlam of the Roman empire, whither all persons who had lost their wits used to resort from all parts of the world in quest of them. Several of the Roman emperors were advised to repair to this island; but most of them, instead of listening to such sober counsels, gave way to their distraction, until the people knocked them on the head as despairing of their cure. In short, it was as usual for men of distempered brains to take a voyage to Anticyra in those days, as it is in ours for persons who have a disorder in their lungs to go to Montpelier. MR. BICKERSTAFF,-I am bound in justice to acquaint you, that I put an advertisement into your last paper about a watch which was lost, and was brought to me on the very day your paper came out, by a footman; who told' me, that he would not have brought it, if he had not read your discourse of that day against avarice; but that since he had read it he scorned to take a reward for doing what in justice he ought to do.-I am, Sir, your most humble servant, 'JOHN HAMMOND.' No. 125.] Thursday, January 26, 1709-10. Quem mala stultitia, et quæcunque inscitia ver Whom vicious passions, or whom falsehood, blind, Francis. From my own Apartment, January 25. THERE is a sect of ancient philosophers, who, I think, have left more volumes behind them, and those better written, than any other of the fraternities in philosophy. It was a maxim of this sect, that all those who do not live up to the principles of reason and virtue are madmen. Every one who governs himself by these rules, is allowed the title of wise, and reputed to be in his senses and every one, in proportion as he deviates from them, is pronounced frantic and distracted. Cicero having chosen this maxim for his theme, takes occasion to argue from it very agreeably with Clodius, his implacable adversary, who had procured his banishment. A city,' says he,' is an assembly distinguished into bodies of men, who are in possession of their respective rights and privileges, cast under proper subordinations, and in all its parts obedient to the rules of law and equity.' He then represents the government from whence I have premised these particulars before I he was banished, at a time when the consul, enter on the main design of this paper, because senate, and laws had lost their authority, as a │I would not be thought altogether notional in The prodigious crops of hellebore with which this whole island abounded, did not only furnish them with incomparable tea, snuff, and Hungary-water; but impregnated the air of the country with such sober and salutiferous streams as very much comforted the heads, and refreshed the senses of all that breathed in it. A discarded statesman, that, at his first landing appeared stark-staring mad, would become calm in a week's time; and, upon his return home, live easy and satisfied in his retirement. A moping lover would grow a pleasant fellow by that time he had rid thrice about the island; and a hair-brained rake, after a short stay in the country, go home again a composed, grave, worthy gentleman. what I have to say, and pass only for a projector in morality. I could quote Horace, and Seneca, and some other ancient writers of good repute, upon the same occasion; and make out by their testimony, that our streets are filled with distracted persons; that our shops and taverns, private and public houses, swarm with them; and that it is very hard to make up a tolerable assembly without a majority of them. But what I have already said is, I hope, suflicient to justify the ensuing project, which I shall therefore give some account of without any further preface. No. 126.] Saturday, January 28, 1709-10. You have got an eel by the tail. From my own Apartment, January 27. THERE is no sort of company so agreeable as that of women who have good sense without affectation, and can converse with men without any private design of imposing chains and fetters. Belvidera, whom I visited this evening, is one of these. There is an invincible preju 1. It is humbly proposed, that a proper re-dice in favour of all she says, from her being ceptacle, or habitation, be forthwith erected for all such persons as, upon due trial and examination, shall appear to be out of their wits. 2. That, to serve the present exigency, the college in Moor-fields be very much extended at both ends; and that it be converted into a square, by adding three other sides to it. a beautiful woman; because she does not consider herself as such when she talks to you. This amiable temper gives a certain tincture to all her discourse, and made it very agreeable to me until we were interrupted by Lydia, a creature who has all the charms that can adorn a woman. Her attractions would indeed be 3. That nobody be admitted into these three irresistible, but that she thinks them so, and additional sides, but such whose frenzy can lay is always employing them in stratagems and no claim to an apartment in that row of build-conquests. When I turned my eye upon her ing which is already erected. 4. That the architect, physician, apothecary, surgeon, keepers, nurses, and porters, be all and each of them cracked; provided that their frenzy does not lie in the profession or employ. ment to which they shall severally and respectively be assigned. N. B. It is thought fit to give the foregoing notice, that none may present himself here for any post of honour or profit, who is not duly qualified. as she sat down, I saw she was a person of that character, which, for the further information of my country correspondents, I had long wanted an opportunity of explaining. Lydia is a finished coquette, which is a sect among women of all others the most mischievous, and makes the greatest havoc and disorder in society. I went on in the discourse I was in with Belvidera, without showing that I had observed any thing extraordinary in Lydia: upon which, I immediately saw her look me over as some very ill-bred fellow; and, casting a scornful glance on my dress, give a shrug at 5. That over all the gates of the additional Belvidera. But, as much as she despised me, buildings, there be figures placed in the same she wanted my admiration, and made twenty manner as over the entrance of the edifice al-offers to bring my eyes her way; but I reduced ready erected; provided they represent such her to a restlessness in her seat, and impertinent distractions only as are proper for those addi- playing of her fan, and many other motions and tional buildings; as of an envious man gnaw-gestures, before I took the least notice of her. ing his own flesh; a gamester pulling himself by the ears, and knocking his head against a marble pillar, a covetous man warming himself over a heap of gold; a coward flying from his own shadow, and the like. Having laid down this general scheme of my design, I do hereby invite all persons who are willing to encourage so public-spirited a project, to bring in their contributions as soon as possible; and to apprehend forthwith any po. litician whom they shall catch raving in a cof. fee-house, or any free-thinker whom they shall find publishing his deliriums, or any other person who shall give the like manifest signs of a crazy imagination: and I do at the same time give this public notice to all the madmen about this great city, that they may return to their senses with all imaginable expedition, lest, if they should come into my hands, I should put them into a regimen which they would not like for if I find any one of them persist in his frantic behaviour, I will make him in a month's time as famous as ever Oliver's porter was. *The beautiful statues by Cibber. At last I looked at her with a kind of surprise, as if she had before been unobserved by reason of an ill light where she sat. It is not to be expressed what a sudden joy I saw arise in her countenance, even at the approbation of such a very old fellow; but she did not long enjoy her triumph without a rival; for there immediately entered Castabella, a lady of a quite contrary character, that is to say, as eminent a prude as Lydia is a coquette. Belvidera gave me a glance, which, methought, intimated that they were both curiosities in their kind, and worth remarking. As soon as we were again seated, I stole looks at each lady, as if I was comparing their perfections. Belvidera observed it, and began to lead me into a discourse of them both to their faces, which is to be done easily enough; for one woman is generally so intent upon the faults of another, that she has not reflection enough to observe when her own are represented. I have taken notice, Mr. Bickerstaff,' said Belvidera, 'that you have in some parts of your writings, drawn characters of our sex, in which you have not to my apprehension, been clear enough and distinct; particularly in those of a Prude and a Coquette. Upon the mention of this, Lydia was roused with the expectation |