and Turks. Many of the chapters in which he narrates the circumstances under which he carried on this humane work are thrilling in interest.

A valuable feature of the book is the authentic information it gives regarding the methods by which the Germans have been for years gaining strength and influence in the affairs of the Turkish Empire. Dr. Ussher presents evidence which tends to show that the present war was deliberately prepared and that in Turkey its outbreak created no surprise. In fact, the war was anticipated long before it came.

A work of this kind will surely give readers a new admiration for those brave and self-sacrificing Americans who have gone from their homes to distant lands to bring healing and health to the bodies of alien peoples and to teach and preach the religion of Jesus Christ.

TRENCH FIGHTING. By Captain F. Hawes Elliott. With diagrams and illustrations. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1917, 180 pp. $1.50 net.

Captain Elliott, the author of this little book, was a member of the British Expeditionary Force to France. He had thirty months' experience as instructor of a Canadian division in the technique of trench warfare. Later he was detailed to instruct American officers in the same subject. His work proved so acceptable that he was asked to have his lectures published for the use of officers preparing for the trenches. The resulting book contains concise instruction in the matter of trench construction, arrangement of wire entanglements, attack and defence in trench warfare, trench raids, poison gas and liquid fire, and trench hygiene. It also gives much information regarding the training of troops in the rear of the line and the maintenance of the morale of the army. The lectures are furnished with excellent diagrams illustrating trench construction, the use of wire entanglements, the construction and use of bombs and grenades, and other technical information. A list of articles needed in an officers' equipment for service in France is included.

Captain Elliott's work will be of great value to the thousands of young American infantry officers now in the training

camps preparing for service abroad. It perhaps lacks the balance and uniformity of treatment which one would expect from a more comprehensive manual. English methods are, of course, set forth rather than those used by the French. One of the best chapters is that on trench routine, which might well be inserted in the most technical manual. Especially convenient and helpful is the great amount of information contained in the fifty-three pages of diagrams at the end.

Civilians desirous of rather definite information of the manner of waging war at the front, without too technical an elaboration, will find the volume most satisfying. Those who, though at home, are following with eager interest the operations of the armies in France, will welcome a work that makes clear and intelligible many of the practices of modern warfare, concerning which they have hitherto had to trust to newspaper accounts or mere surmise.

NOTES AND NEWS

The Trustees of the John F. Slater Fund have recently published a paper by Mrs. L. H. Hammond entitled, "Southern Women and Racial Adjustment." Mrs. Hammond's essay is a survey of the activities of various organizations of Southern white women on behalf of colored people, and particularly of colored women. After giving an account of the helpful efforts that are being made in various parts of the South to protect colored women and to aid them in making and maintaining true homes, Mrs. Hammond makes a plea for the increasing coöperation of the privileged white women of the South in securing respect and protection for the womanhood of all races.

An interesting addition to the list of historical societies in the South was made by the organization during the winter of 1915-1916 of "The Historical Society of East and West Baton Rouge." The membership of the society consists of professors and students of the State University of Louisiana, and numerous citizens of Baton Rouge and vicinity. The first volume of proceedings of the society was published in August, 1917, as a bulletin of the State University of Louisiana. The proceedings contain many valuable papers and documents together with an account of the exercises conducted by the society on January 16, 1917, to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the incorporation of the city of Baton Rouge.

One of the most interesting of the small volumes on the war being published by the Houghton Mifflin Company is "The Journal of Submarine Commander von Forstner." This detailed account of the way the submarine works was written for German readers and has been translated by Mrs. Russell Codman. John Hays Hammond, Jr., who has been devoting his great inventive ability to the study of methods of combatting the submarine, contributes an illuminating introduction on the

nature of this difficult problem. He appraises the value of some of the principal plans of attack and defense used against the submarine. Commander von Forstner's narrative of his experiences is that of a busy man who has no time to study literary effect. He appears as an officer who is performing the destructive task assigned to him with skill and zeal but also without unnecessary cruelty or inhumanity. The book is illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Company, 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. $1.00 net.

A pamphlet has recently been published giving an account of the War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities and its work. This commission was appointed in April, 1917, by Secretary Baker under the chairmanship of Raymond B. Fosdick. The task of the commission is to furnish the young men in the camps social and recreational opportunities and to prevent and suppress vicious conditions. Thus it is expected that the morale of the army will be preserved and its fighting efficiency increased. To secure club life and entertainment inside the training camps, the commission has relied upon such organizations as the Young Men's Christian Association, the Knights of Columbus, the American Library Association, and the Playground and Recreation Association of America. Other organizations also coöperate in the prevention of vicious conditions in the vicinity of training camps. The Young Men's Christian Association already has over two thousand war work secretaries in the field. Another thousand will soon be added. The Knights of Columbus will give especial attention to the interests of the Catholic young men in the camps. The pamphlet gives further interesting details of what has been done and what is being planned for the welfare and comfort of America's new army. Copies can be obtained upon application to the Commission on Training Camp Activities, Room 149, Old Land Office Building, Washington, D. C.

The War Council of the American Red Cross has recently published a pamphlet containing an exceedingly interesting report of the appropriations and activities of the Red Cross from the outbreak of the war to November 1, 1917. An ac

count is given of the campaign for the $100,000,000 war fund which was collected in the summer of the present year. It is interesting to note that about one-quarter of the fund was collected in the State of New York. The Red Cross has also received a credit of $500,000 given by the Ford Motor Company, to be used for automobiles, motor ambulances, or parts. A credit of $250,000 was given by the Western Union Telegraph Company for telegraph and cable service. Large quantities of tobacco for shipment to France have been given by the Liggett and Myers Tobacco Company and by the P. Lorillard Company. Irving T. Bush has given 20,000 feet of warehouse space and valuable docking and terminal facilities at Brooklyn, New York. Many other special gifts in aid of the work have been made. On November 1, 1917, the membership of the Red Cross had reached 5,000,000, and there were 3,287 chapters. Most of the important posts are filled by men and women accustomed to large affairs who are giving their services absolutely without pay. Only 37 salaries of $2,000 or over are being paid. Up to the time of the report the Red Cross had appropriated $3,310,000 for work in the United States, and had advanced $7,659,000 for purchase of materials for use in the United States, for which the Red Cross will eventually be repaid. The grand total of appropriaations for work in France amounts to $20,601,000. Smaller appropriations have been made for use in Belgium, England, Italy, Russia, Rumania, Serbia, and Armenia. The American Red Cross has also perfected plans to care for Americans who may be captured and held in German prison camps. In all over $40,000,000 has thus far been appropriated or advanced for the purchase of materials for chapters. The world calamity has called for work for suffering humanity upon a scale beyond precedent, and, when further funds are required, the American people will doubtless be found ready to meet the requirements with liberality and promptness.

With the October, 1917, issue, the Sewanee Review celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. This pioneer among existing American reviews devoted to literature and criticism was established in 1892 under the editorship of Professor W.