Their food and digestive organs: of the Tunicata, 296-299: of the
bivalves, 299-304.
Carnivorous Mollusca: Conchifera, 305: Pectinibranchial Gastero-
pods, 305: feed on bivalves, 306: how they perforate the shell, 307 :
structure of the proboscis, 308, 309: Mr. Hancock's discovery, 310:
the Nat icæ, 310: the Bullæ and Aplysiæ, 311: the Vitrina and Tes-
tacellus, 312-314: the Pteropods, 314: the Cephalopods, 314-323. 305
Phytivorous Mollusca, 324: their proportion to the Zoophagous, 324:
marine tribes, their food, 325: land tribes, their food, 325, 326: struc-
ture of the mouth and tongue, 326, 328: of the stomach and alimen-
tary canal, 328-331: of the liver, 331, 332: gastro-vascular system,
332-334: phytivorous Mollusca are occasionally animal feeders, 334
---336: time of feeding, 336–338.
Reproductive functions: first discovery of their origin from ova, 339 :
monoecious Mollusca, 340-350: production of the Tunicata and their
metamorphoses, 340-343: alternating generations, 344; the Brachio-
poda, 345: and bivalves, 345-348; viviparous bivalves, 348: prolificness
of the bivalves, 349, 350: fry of fresh water mussels, 350: diœcious
Mollusca, 350-362: the cryptogamous kinds, 351: the phænogamous
kinds, 351: the Phytophaga, their ova, 351: viviparous Phytophaga, 352:
Zoophaga, their ova, 353; their egg-capsules, 354-361: sexes of the
Cephalopods, 361; their ova, 362: hermaphroditical Mollusca, 363-369:
the love-darts of the Helix, 364, 365: the spawn of the aquatic species,
365-367: the ova of the terrestrial kinds, 367-369: viviparous kinds,
370: affection of the Mollusca to their young, 370, 371: their meta-
morphosis, 371-374. .
Age of the Mollusca, 375, 376: their tolerance of wounds, 376: their
reproduction of amputated organs, 377-379: their diseases, 379—
384 the mite of the snails, 379-381: the gordius of the fresh water
snails, 381: the leech of the bivalves, 381: and their parasites, 382:
the parasite of the Octopus, 383—–384.
The structure and formation of shell: analogous to the skin, 385:
not peculiar to the Mollusca, 386: composition of shell, 387: Reaumur's
theory of its formation, 387: opposed by Herissant, 387, 388: re-
searches of Mr. Bowerbank, 389-393: researches of Dr. Carpenter,
393-399: cellular structure, 394: membranous structure, 394:
nacreous structure, 395: tubular structure, 395, 396: cancellated struc-
ture, 396; formation of shell, 397--399: growth of shells, 400, 401:
correspondency between the shell and its animal, 401, 402.
Of shells, apparently similar but belonging to different genera, by
J. E. Gray, 403–407.
on the animal, 411: apex of bivalves, 411, 412: the hinge margin,
412: direction of the whorls, 412, 413: dextral and sinistral bivalves,
413: equivalve and inequivalve shells, 413, 414: irregular shells, 414
-421 variations on external surface, 421, 422: variations in size,
423 colouring of shells, 423-425: structure of shells, 425-433:
crystalline structure, 426: rhombic crystalline structure, 426–430:
prismatic crystalline structure, 431-433: Mollusca dissolve their
shells, 433-438: how they bore rocks, &c., 438-440: do not dis-
solve extraneous bodies, 440, 441: the foot deposits shelly matter,
441, 442 the operculum, 442-444: the annular operculum, 444,
445 subannular opercula, 445-447: spiral opercula, 447–456.
Nomenclature of acephalous Mollusca: use of nomenclature, 457,
458 terminology of the Tunicata, 458, 459: cellulose, 459: termino-
logy of bivalves, 459: the Pholas and Tubicolæ, 459, 460: normal
bivalves, 460-469 the ligament, 465 and 468: terminology of the
Brachiopoda, 469–472.
Terminology of multivalves, 473, 474: of simple univalves, 475,
476 of spiral or turbinate univalves, 476–486: the Cypræa, 477,
478: colours, 480: sub-bivalves, 483: the operculum, 483-485: the
epiphragm, 485 terminology of multilocular shells, 486: terrestrial
or land shells, 487: fluviatile and lacustrine shells, 488: shells of
brackish water, 488: littoral shells, 488: sea-shells, 488: dependency
of their colours on light, 489, 490: importance of nomenclature,
490, 491.
The History of Conchology: Aristotle, 492, 493: Pliny, 494: Albertus
Magnus, Belon, &c., 495: Fabius Columna, 496, 497: origin of Muse-
ums, 497: Bonanni, 498-500: Lister, 500-503: Reaumur, 503,
504: collectors and collections, 505, 506: Walter Charlton, 507:
Major, 507: Linnæus, 508-510: Daubenton and Guettard, 510:
Adanson, 510-513: Geoffroy and Müller, 513, 514: Linnæus, 515,
516: Bruguière, &c., 517: Humphrey, 517: Cuvier, 518–521; Poli,
his classification of bivalves, 518, 519.
History of Conchology continued: Cuvier's first classification
of the Mollusca, 522, 523: Lamarck, his first system, 524-
526: Cuvier in 1800, 526, 527: M. de Roissy, 528: Defrance, 528:
Lamarck in 1809, 529–531; and in 1816, 531-538: his system of
the Tunicata, 532; of the Conchifera, 533; of the Mollusca, 534-538:
Cuvier in 1817 and 1830, 538: M. de Ferussac, 539: M. de Blain-
ville, his system, 539-547 of the Cephalopods, 540 of the Gastero-
pods, 542-545 of the Acephales, 545-547: of the Malentozoaria,
547 system of Latreille, 547-549 of Schweigger, 550-554: con-
dition of Conchology in Britain, 554: Leach, 555: Fleming, 555-560 :
J. E. Gray, 560-567: remarks on his system, 567–569: classifica-
tions of the Tunicata, 569 of M. Savigny, 570, 571. .
History of Conchology continued: Cuvier, 572: Macleay, 573:
Swainson, his system, 573-579: Sander Rang, 579–583: Cephalo-
pods, 583: De Haan and D'Orbigny, 583: Owen, his classification,
584, 585: Pteropods, 585: J. E. Gray, 585, 586: Gasteropods, 586:
Sander Rang, 586, 587: J. E. Gray, 587-589: Milne-Edwards, 589
-593: Emile Blanchard, 593, 594.-The Nudibranches, 594: their
arrangement by M. de Quatrefages, 595, 596: Phlebenterata, 596: by
Allman, 597, 598: by Alder and Hancock, 598, 599: Acephala, 599 :
the rank of the Brachiopoda, 599: Deshayes' classification of the
Conchifera, 599-602.-The Tunicata, 602: their rank and classifica-
tion, by Macleay, 603, 604: by Milne-Edwards, 604: by Forbes and
Goodsir, 605 Conclusion, 605, 606.
INTRODUCTION TO CONCHOLOGY.
THERE are not many inducements to become a Conchologist: his pursuit has always been deemed one of an inferior character, and the fame of none of its masters has ever extended beyond the narrow pale of his fellow co-operators, excepting when, in one or two instances, the witty pen of the satirist has momentarily fixed the public eye upon this obscure object of its ridicule. Unless, therefore, you are content to forego all chance of literary fame, and to rest satisfied with a very moderate share of scientific reputation, you had better at once leave this private path, and betake yourself to a higher and more frequented road: there are many, not few of them less pleasant and less useful to the traveller, which lead to the gratification of a higher vanity. But should you, unambitious, still feel disposed to follow the bent of your taste, satisfied that, in these matters,
"He chooses best, whose labour entertains
His vacant fancy most," *
I shall willingly assist you towards its gratification, because I am fully convinced that there is as much pleasure, and as much profit, to be found in the cultivation of this department of natural history as in any other. You are not going to follow it out as the chief object of your life,—that were to do what I could not commend,—but as a recreation to relax and refresh the wearied mind, as a resort to fall back upon in those hours of idleness which will overtake the busiest of us
"It is a very useless inquiry-what kind of knowledge, or what line of occupation is best ?-all are good, and, in a complex system of society, all are needful. The community will best be served, if each do strenuously what he can do best, without troubling himself about the comparative worth or dignity of his vocation."-Hartley Coleridge.
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