for the same work done. This practically amounts to the usual requirement, "colleges of recognized standing."

The element of territorial restriction which has been common in English fellowships has not obtained to any extent in America, Wisconsin alone having one fellowship where preference is given, but not necessarily, to students coming from Milwaukee county.

One other feature of the English fellowships has been transplanted in the American system at Chicago, Cornell and Wisconsin-that of requiring service of the Fellows. This is done, as the Chicago Quarterly Calendar says, "to cultivate independence on the part of a student, and at the same time to obtain for him the advantage which proceeds from practical work" (No. 2, p. 16.) Undoubtedly instruction, examination of papers, assistance in library or laboratory, or work on a university journal would be of great value to the Fellow, in the way of preparation for practical usefulness. Still, if service of this nature shall have a tendency to depreciate the social position of the Fellow in the body. collegiate, it is to be deplored, since, with the distinction between graduate scholarship and fellowship, it would seem a pity to lessen the dignity of the position of the incumbent of the latter, which has been declared to be primarily an honor. In the number of fellowships, this requirement has obtained a strong hold, since sixty-four of the ninety-three demand a certain amount of service.

Bryn Mawr took a high stand in regard to fellowships from the first. "The most distinguished place among the graduate students will be held by the Fellows." (Bryn Mawr Program, 1892, p. 28.) And the fellowships have not only been intended to be a mark of distinction, but the position of the holder has been made of such dignity that, as one of the college officers recently said, every undergraduate, from the moment of entrance, secretly hopes that she may one day be a Fellow. This must, of necessity, impart a scholarly tone to

undergraduate life, since by a high grade of scholarship alone, is a fellowship obtained.

There were, this year, ninety-three fellowships open to women, and the wide spread interest in graduate work, awakened by the rather remarkable co-incident action of Yale, Pennsylvania, and Brown, in opening their graduate departments to women, together with the opening of the new universities which are equipped with fine graduate schools, seems to point to a further enlargement of the number.

Fellowships were first opened to women at Cornell in 1884. Bryn Mawr with her foundation in 1886, followed. The A. C. A.-or its Western Branch-took up the work shortly after, granting their first fellowship in 1887-1888. In 1888-1889, by the Educational Commissioner's Report, there were but twenty-five fellowships open to women, which shows an increase of sixty-eight in three years, due mainly to the fifty-three added by Chicago, Pennsylvania, and Yale.

Cornell has granted eight to women; to Cornell alumnæ three; to graduates of Smith, Vassar, Dalhousie, Iowa, and Knox, one each. Bryn Mawr has granted thirty-one in all; to Bryn Mawr alumnæ eight, (three of them European fellowships, open to members of the graduating class only,) to Michigan graduates eight; to Cornell two; to Vassar two; to Smith one, and ten others to representatives of various colleges. The A. C. A. has granted eight. Michigan has taken two of these, and Vassar, Cornell, Smith, Bryn Mawr, Boston and Syracuse, one each.

Vassar graduates have held in all eight fellowships. To Vassar was awarded the first one granted by the A. C. A., (the Western Branch,) the first one granted by Chicago, and one of the two this year awarded at Yale. Mrs. Christine Ladd-Franklin held one for three years at Johns Hopkins, and one was awarded by the Association for the Advancement of Science. Cornell one, and

Bryn Mawr two, completes the number. She thus occupies third place, Michigan having held ten, Bryn Mawr nine, while Smith and Wellesley have held three each.. Two of the five at Yale were awarded this year; one to Miss M. A. Scott, Vassar '76, and one to a graduate of Wesleyan. Four of the forty at Chicago were won by women; one by Miss Myra Reynolds, Vassar '80, the others by graduates of Wellesley, Indiana and Minnesota. None of the eight Pennsylvania fellowships were applied for by Vassar alumnæ. Six were awarded; two to Wellesley graduates, one to a Cornell alumna, two to alumnæ of colleges not in the A. C. A., and one to a student who had studied with a Pennsylvania professor, but who had not taken a Bachelor's degree. The new California university, Leland Stanford, Jr., has no fellowships, but it is well to recall the fact that "Tuition in all Departments of the University is free." (Leland Stanford, Jr, register 1891-1892, p. 34.)

It would seem with all these opportunities for advanced study, and for obtaining honors for advanced study well done, that it would no longer be a question of obtaining advantages, but rather of how women can keep up with those already at hand. Every student may and should aspire to a fellowship as the highest honor in the academic world. Certainly with ninety-one for which she may compete, both graduate and under-graduate of Vassar must feel that she has ample opportunity to win honor, both for herself and for her college.

Cora A. Start, '90.