March 5. 1834. SHAKSPEARE'S INTELLECTUAL ACTION. READING IN MACBETH.. - CRABBE AND SOUTHEY. PETER SIMPLE AND TOM CRINGLE'S LOG. SHAKSPEARE'S intellectual action is wholly unlike that of Ben Jonson or Beaumont and Fletcher. The latter see the totality of a sentence or passage, and then project it entire. Shakspeare goes on creating, and evolving B. out of A., and C. out of B., and so on, just as a serpent moves, which makes a fulcrum of its own body, and seems for ever twisting and untwisting its own strength. Perhaps the true reading in Macbeth * is Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, and not blank height of the dark "blanket." "Height" was most commonly written, and even printed, hēt. I think Crabbe and Southey are something alike; but Crabbe's poems are founded on observation and real life-Southey's on fancy and books. In facility they are equal, though Crabbe's English is of course not upon a level with Southey's, which is next door to faultless. But in Crabbe there is an absolute defect of the high imagination; he gives me little or no pleasure: yet, no doubt, he has much power of a certain kind, and it is good to cultivate, even at some pains, a catholic taste in literature. I read all sorts of books with some pleasure except modern sermons and treatises on political economy. But, after all, may not the ultimate allusion be to so humble an image as that of an actor peeping through the curtain on the stage?— ED. I have received a great deal of pleasure from some of the modern novels, especially Captain Marryat's "Peter Simple." * That book is nearer Smollett than any I remember. And "Tom Cringle's Log" in Blackwood is also most excellent. March 15. 1834. CHAUCER.- SHAKSPEARE. -BEN JONSON. - BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER.-DANIEL. -MASSINGER. I TAKE unceasing delight in Chaucer. His manly cheerfulness is especially delicious to me in my old age. + How exquisitely tender * Mr. Coleridge said, he thought this novel would have lost nothing in energy if the author had been more frugal in his swearing. — Ed. + Eighteen years before, Mr. Coleridge entertained the same feelings towards Chaucer:-" Through all the works of Chaucer there reigns a cheerfulness, a manly hilarity, which makes it almost impossible to doubt a correspondent habit of feeling in the author himself." B. Lit. vol. i. p. 32. - ED. he is, and yet how perfectly free from the least touch of sickly melancholy or morbid drooping! The sympathy of the poet with the subjects of his poetry is particularly remarkable in Shakspeare and Chaucer; but what the first effects by a strong act of imagination and mental metamorphosis, the last does without any effort, merely by the inborn kindly joyousness of his nature. How well we seem to know Chaucer ! How absolutely nothing do we know of Shakspeare! I cannot in the least allow any necessity for Chaucer's poetry, especially the Canterbury Tales, being considered obsolete. Let a few plain rules be given for sounding the final è of syllables, and for expressing the termination of such words as ocean, and nation, &c. as dissyllables, or let the syllables to be sounded in such cases be marked by a competent metrist. This simple expedient would, with a very few trifling exceptions, where the errors are inveterate, enable any reader to feel the perfect smooth As ness and harmony of Chaucer's verse. to understanding his language, if you read twenty pages with a good glossary, you surely can find no further difficulty, even as it is; but I should have no objection to see this done: Strike out those words which are now obsolete, and I will venture to say that I will replace every one of them by words still in use out of Chaucer himself, or Gower his disciple. I don't want this myself: I rather like to see the significant terms which Chaucer unsuccessfully offered as candidates for admission into our language; but surely so very slight a change of the text may well be pardoned, even by black-letterati, for the purpose of restoring so great a poet to his ancient and most deserved popularity. Shakspeare is of no age. It is idle to endeavour to support his phrases by quotations from Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, &c. His language is entirely his own, and the younger dramatists imitated him. The construction of Shakspeare's |