The organ of Time is just under Causality, and enables it to perceive the dependence of events upon time; thus the falling of the rain, must happen prior to the overflowing of the spring, and the swelling of the streams afterwards. The son cannot be as old as his father; the cause must come before the effect.

The historian Gibbon, has this combination of Eventuality, Time, and Causality; and his admirable history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire, is not merely a succession of stories, but a philosophical account of the dependence of one remarkable event, upon a succession of previous events, which took place in a regular order of time; and although some of them were trivial in themselves, they assume great importance, on account of their being the remote causes of an event which is in the highest degree astonishing.

Causality may perceive the dependence of one thing upon another, without regard to time. It perceives the dependence of known things and facts upon those that are unknown-thus, Columbus perceived the dependence of one side of the earth which was known, upon the other, which was unknown. Cuvier perceived the dependence of the forms of animal's bones, upon their dispositions and habits; and thus was enabled to ascertain the nature of the unknown animal by inspecting the fossil remains of a single bone.— Gall discovered the dependence of certain powers of mind upon certain portions of the brain.

Causality perceives that many strange phenomena which superstitious minds have ascribed to supernatural powers, depend upon natural causes.

In mathematics, a certain number or quantity being known, this faculty perceives the necessary existence of other numbers or quantities. Combined with Comparison and Observation, it invents and originates improvements in the arts. We observe the operations of nature, and discover

the causes upon which they depend--we observe the operations of art, and compare them with those of nature, and by adopting the natural process we improve the effect.

Sir H. Davy's safety lamp, originated in his observing that a metalic net prevented the passage of flame by cooling it, while it allowed the passage of light; observing also, that in coal mines fatal explosions were frequently caused by the flame of the lamps communicating with the gas, his Comparison perceived the analogy between the two cases, and his Causality enabled him to remove the cause of the explosion, while he retained the cause of light, by constructing a lamp surrounded with fine metalic net work.

All useful inventions must originate in observation; but it is necessary to compare the facts which have been observed, and also perceive their connection and dependences. The knowledge of facts alone, would not distinguish man from other animals; and on the other hand, however profound the reflections, they are useless unless based upon correct observations. I have seen many visionary characters who were continually dreaming of improvements, and who really seemed to manifest much originality of mind, but yet could never bring any of their plans into successful operation; the reason is, they were deficient in that practical talent which depends on the lower range of perceptives; had these organs been large, they would have been able to perceive the practical facts necessary to the execution of their plans; or else to discover some facts which rendered them impracticable. The dependence of the upper organs upon the lower, and the great importance of attending to the proportions which the different parts of the forehead bear to each other, cannot be too much insisted on; but it needs no further explanation in this place.

It is common for those who have but a moderate degree of Causality, to think that there must be some mistake in

their case; because, they will tell you, they are habitually inquiring into the causes of every thing.-I reply, so do children, so do all except idiots; but it does not follow that Causality must be large. The difference between a large Causality and a small one, is, that the latter is satisfied with knowing immediate causes, but the former traces out remote causes the large organ delights in tracing a long chain of causes and effects, and perceiving the connection and dependence of a great number of links,—the small organ only delights in tracing a few links, and can easily comprehend their connection and dependence; but they are satisfied with this, and do not voluntarily and habitually proceed further. If circumstances compel them to urge their Causality to its utmost, it soon becomes an irksome task; and if thrown into competition with a large Causality, they are easily overpowered.

We sometimes see the apparent anomaly of a person with moderate Causality, excelling in argument others with the organ large; but the explanation will be found in the fact. that although Causality was inferior, some other advantages more than compensated, and thus rendered them superior. These principles will apply to all the other Intellectuals with equal force; for instance, if Number is small, the individual can count well enough for ordinary purposes, but he cannot compete with another who has the organ very large. And the same is true of the sense of sight; those who are short sighted, can see well enough within a limited sphere, but cannot compare with those whose vision is perfect.

Causality is large in Newton, Franklin, Clinton, Bacon, Socrates, Webster, Van Buren, Calhoun, and indeed in all those master minds that have been remarkable for their depth and originality.

GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE INTELLECTUALS.

TALENTS.-If one of the lower or middle ranges of perceptives are very large, and all the rest of the Intellectuals are fairly develoved, a particular talent will be manifested. If all the Intellectual Class is very large, then universal talent will be possessed.

When all the other Intellectuals are medium, then very large

Individuality produces a talent for general observation. Chemicality, for catering.

Language, for philology.
Form, for drawing.

Size, for perspective.
Weight, for engineering.
Color, for painting,
Order, for arrangement.
Number, for computation.
Direction, for navigation.
Eventuality, for history.
Time, for chronology.
Tune, for music.

Comparison, for analysis.
Causality, for originality.

I repeat it, no talent is produced by a single organ, unless it is well sustained by others, particularly by Individuality, Comparison, and Causality. These three are the most important organs of the Intellect; whoever is very deficient in either of these, cannot rise to eminence in any pro

fession, whatever other advantages he may possess. practical life, a deficiency of Causality, is of much consequence, a deficiency in Comparison produces a still more serious effect; but a deficiency of Individuality is wholly fatal to practical success-and a deficiency of all three produces general intellectual weakness. These three are the general Intellectuals--they apply to every subject; if they are all very small, idiocy is inevitable; and if very large, even if all the other Intellectuals are less than medium, great general talent will be manifested.

If these three organs are large, and Form and Color very large, a man will be a genius in painting, provided all the other parts of his constitution are fairly developed; or if Order and Number are very large he will be an excellent accomptant-if Language, a linguist--if Weight, an engineerif Direction, Size, and Number, a mathematician-if Form, Size, Weight and Order, a sculptor-if Chemicality, a caterer-if Eventuality and Time, a historian, &c.

But it will be asked, does talent depend altogether upon the Intellectuals? do not the Propensities produce talents? I answer that they only produce the manifestations of talent by directing the Intellectuals to some particular subject that is calculated to gratify the propensities. Constructiveness, for instance, when large, is the source of great pleasure to the mechanic, and prompts him to use his Weight, Form, &c. in mechanical operations. If Approbativeness is also large, and fame is in his reach, this will combine with his Constructiveness and induce him to exert his talents still more vigorously; and Perfectiveness, if large, will make him delight in perfecting his performances; but all these motives will be vain if the Intellectuals are very small-he may task his powers to their utmost, but he cannot excelhe might as well

"Call spirits from the vasty deep."