1829, and her work-which caused much criticism, and gave considerable offence in that country-was published in 1832. It was much read, and obtained great notoriety in this country. Having established her reputation as a clever and pungent satirist, Mrs. Trollope commenced her career as a novel-writer, and her style being much appreciated by the public, she continued for upwards of twenty years to send forth from the press a succession of works characterized for the most part by a close and keen observation of human nature, and by a wit which, if not always of the most refined quality, was well adapted to set in a strong light the follies and extravagances of modern life. Among the most popular of her novels may be mentioned the "Vicar of Wrexhill," "Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, a Factory Boy," "The Widow Barnaby," "The Widow Married," and "The Barnabys in America." Nor was her prolific pen solely confined to works of fiction. Mrs. Trollope published several other volumes during the same period descriptive of the countries which she visited-much of her life, especially the latter years, having been spent abroad and in foreign travel-and of this class of works were her "Paris and the Parisians," published in 1835; and "Vienna and the Austrians," in 1838; also a "Visit to Italy," "Travels and Travellers," &c. Mrs. Trollope belonged to a family well known for literary talents. Mr. Adolphus Trollope, the author of several deservedly popular Italian tales and works of travel, is her son; and Mr. Anthony Trollope, one of the first writers of fiction in this country, is her near relative. REAR-ADMIRAL WASHINGTON. Rear-Admiral John Washington, formerly Hydrographer to the Admiralty, entered the Navy May 15, 1812, as a firstclass volunteer on board the "Junon," of forty-six guns, Captain James Sanders, fitting for the North American station, in which vessel he saw much active service, particularly in operations in the river Chesapeake. The "Junon" made prizes of several of the enemy's vessels, and completely discomfited fifteen gunboats that had been despatched for the express purpose of capturing her, after an action of three hours, fought on June 20, 1813. Removing as midshipman, in the following October, to the "Sybille," he sailed in that ship in 1814, under Captain Forrest, with the "Princess Caroline," Captain Downman, for the latitude of Greenland, in fruitless pursuit of the American Commodore Rogers. In November of the same year, having returned to England, he entered the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth. On leaving that institution he was received, in May, 1816, on board the " Forth," Captain Sir Thomas Louis, under whom he was again employed for upwards of three years on the coast of North America. He then, in succession, joined the "Vengeur" and the "Superb," both on the South American station, where he remained until after his promotion to the rank of lieutenant, which took place on the 1st of January, 1821. He was subsequently employed on "particular service;" and in August, 1830, was appointed to the "Royal George," 120, as flag-lieutenant to Sir J. Poer Beresford, Commander-in-Chief at the Nore, continuing to serve under that officer in the "Queen," until advanced to the rank of Commander in 1838. To the active service consequent upon his various appointments, Lieutenant Washington had united the practice of maritime surveying and the pursuits of a scientific hydrographer and geographer; he was a member of various learned Societies, and was the author of many scientific works connected with his profession. In 1835 he succeeded Captain Maconochie as Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society of London, but resigned that office in 1841, on being appointed to continue the survey of the North Sea, which had for some time been in progress. During this undertaking, in which he was continually engaged until the close of 1844, he was occasionally occupied in correcting the existing charts, as the position of the shoals and the directions of the navigable channels had in many cases become changed. In 1842 he had been appointed to the rank of postcaptain in compliment to the King of Prussia. The survey was Captain Washington's last service afloat. In 1845 he was appointed a commissioner for inquiring into the state of the rivers, shores, and harbours of the United Kingdom. On the retirement of Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, in 1855, he was appointed to the office of Hydrographer to the Admiralty, and he subsequently attained the rank of Rear-Admiral. In 1833 Admiral Washington married Eleonora, youngest daughter of the Rev. H. Askew, Rector of Graystock, in Cumberland, by whom he left a large family, more than one of his sons being in the Royal Navy. Admiral Washington was not more remarkable for his high scientific attainments than for his kindness of heart and his earnest desire to promote the welfare of the seafaring population. THE ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN. The Right Hon. and Most Rev. Richard Whately, D.D., Lord Archbishop of Dublin, Bishop of Glendalough, and Bishop of Kildare, Prebendary of Cullen in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Visitor of Trinity College, Dublin, Vice-President of the Royal Irish Academy, Chancellor of the Order of St. Patrick, and a Privy Councillor, was the fourth son of the Rev. Joseph Whately, D.D., of Nonsuch Park, Surrey, Prebendary of Bristol, by his wife, the daughter of William Plumer, Esq., of Ware Park, Herts, and sister of William Plumer, Esq., many years M.P. for Hertfordshire. He was nephew of Thomas Whately, secretary to the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, and author of some valuable "Remarks on the Characters of Shakspeare." He was born in Cavendish-square, on Feb. 1, 1787, and was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where his career was brilliant. He graduated B.A., taking a second class in classics and mathematics in Michaelmas Term, 1808. He, in 1810, obtained a prize for his English essay, What are the arts in the cultivation of which the ancients were less successful than the moderns ?" He was, in 1811, elected Fellow of Oriel, and proceeded M.A. in 1812. In 1822 he was appointed Bampton Lecturer at Oxford, and was nominated to the living of Halesworth with Chediston, in Suffolk. He about this time first became known as a religious and logical writer. His three "Sermons on the Christian's Duty to Established Governments and Laws" met with much favour, and he had great success in the publication of his curious tract called "Historic Doubts respecting Napoleon Bonaparte." This was intended to confute the argument adopted by Hume in his essay against the credibility of miracles; Whately's work showing that it was as easy to construct a similar fabric of argument to disprove the existence of Napoleon Bonaparte. After publishing the Bampton Lectures, and graduating B.D. and D.D., Dr. Whately was chosen Principal of St. Alban's Hall. He produced his celebrated books, "The Elements of Logic" in 1826, and "The Elements of Rhetoric" in 1828. He was for one year (from 1830 to 1831) Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, when the new Whig Government fixed upon him to fill the Primacy of Ireland. He was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and Bishop of Glendalough in St. Patrick's Cathedral, on Sunday, Oct. 23, 1831. As Primate, Dr. Whately led a most active and influential life, taking interest as a liberal Church man in all questions of social and ecclesiastical importance, and more especially in the question of Irish education. He also aided the endeavours to procure a repeal of the law which prohibits marriage with a sister-in-law. Dr. Whately, by the conciliatory course which he adopted, may be said to have stemmed the formidable attack made by O'Connell and the Catholic party against the Established Church in Ireland, the political supremacy of which would have been probably annulled, but for the compromise relative to the tithes and the decrease (by amalgamation of Sees) of the Irish bishoprics. Pursuant to the latter statutory arrangement, Dr. Whately became also Bishop of Kildare in 1846. He was a Commissioner of National Education in Ireland from the institution of the system until 1853, when he resigned from his feeling that the religious question had not been fairly treated, especially with reference to the scriptural books which were on the Education Board's list. Of Dr. Whately's numerous publications while Archbishop, the titles may be given here of "Thoughts on Secondary Punishments," "Lectures on Political Economy," "Transportation," "The Kingdom of Christ," " Introductory Lectures on St. Paul's Epistles," "Cautions for the Times" (edited and in the main inspired by him), &c. He was a contributor to the " Edinburgh" and Quarterly Reviews, and to many other periodicals of a learned or instructive nature. His latest contributions are to be found in a popular magazine, printed by women, entitled "The Rose, Shamrock, and Thistle." He also brought out an emended and improved edition of the "Tales of the Genii," and he edited "Scripture Lessons," and a "Book of Sacred Poetry," for schools. Dr. Whately married, in 1821, Miss E. Pope, daughter of W. Pope, Esq., by whom he left issue. MR. JUSTICE WIGHTMAN. This highly-respected lawyer, who was born in 1784, was of Scottish origin, being descended from a family of the name long settled in Dumfriesshire. He was educated at University College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1805, and was afterwards elected to a Michel Fellowship at Queen's, where he took the degree of M.A. Having practised for some years as a special pleader, he was in 1821 called to the Bar by the Hon. Society of Lincoln's Inn. He attached himself to the Northern Circuit, and his reputation as a sound lawyer soon brought him a large and lucrative practice. In every case of importance tried in Yorkshire at Nisi Prius Mr. Wightman was certain to be retained. This was a time when the Northern Bar was in the zenith of its fame; Scarlett, Brougham, Pollock, Cresswell, Parke, Alderson, Williams, and Coltman were competitors with Mr. Wightman, and, like him, were all raised to the Bench. In For some years Mr. Wightman was associated with the Attorney-General (Sir John Campbell), and rendered that official very important legal assistance. 1830 he was appointed a Commissioner to inquire into the practice and proceedings in the Superior Courts of Common Law, and in 1833 he was also appointed one of the Commissioners for digesting the Criminal Law. Mr. Wightman never aspired to a silk gown, and he was one of the few members of the Bar promoted from a stuff gown to the ermine. In February, 1841, he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, when he had conferred upon him the honour of knighthood. For upwards of twenty-two years he sat on the Bench, and a more upright, independent, and industrious man never presided in our courts of law; he was also much esteemed by the members of the profession for his amiability of disposition. He had attained an advanced age, and was entitled to have retired on full pension; but the love inherent in him for the profession of the law was such that he preferred to hold his high office, the duties of which he discharged with untiring zeal and ability to the day of his death. He arrived at York on December 5th, and opened the Commission for the General Gaol Delivery. He was in his usual health, remarkably active for his age, and his intellectual powers were keen and acute. After discharging the duties of Judge of Assize with unimpaired vigour for several days, he was suddenly stricken with apoplexy, and died at the judge's lodgings at York on the 10th of December. REMARKABLE TRIALS. I. THE EGMONT ESTATE CASE. THIS action, involving the title to a considerable landed estate in the county of Cork, in Ireland, and affecting deeply the character and reputation of the parties whose transactions were the subject of inquiry, was tried at Dublin before Mr. Justice Keogh and a Special Jury in the month of July in this year. There had been a preliminary hearing in the suit in the Court of Chancery upon the question whether the matters involved were proper to be submitted to the decision of a jury. After full argument the Court directed that an issue should be tried, for the purpose of ascertaining whether a certain instrument was the last will of Henry, Earl of Egmont. In this proceeding Sir W. L. Darell was the plaintiff, and the Earl of Egmont the defendant. There was a long array of counsel on either side. Dr. Ball, Q.C., opened the case for the plaintiff. From his statement it appeared that the alleged will purported to devise all the freehold and personal estates, including the rights of presentation to two livings in England, to Edward Tierney, of Fitzwilliam-street, Dublin, and to his heirs and assigns for ever, constituting him the sole residuary legatee, after the payment of some small charges. Three elements are required for the validity of every testamentary instrument-due execution, testamentary capacity, and testamentary intelligence. Counsel mentioned a number of facts to prove that none of these was wanting in the present case. The testator was born in 1796; he came of age in 1817, and died, at the age of forty-five, in 1841. The title of Egmont had originally attached to it very large estates in Ireland and England, but in 1770 the title of Arden was introduced into the family, and to this title a large portion of the Egmont estates was annexed. Sir Edward Tierney, and his brother, Dr. Tierney, afterwards Sir Matthew, were the sons of a gentleman who lived in the city of Lincoln, and rose to great affluence and a high station. Edward, the solicitor, was at one time agent to the Duke of Devonshire, and he subsequently obtained the important office of solicitor and clerk in the Court of Error. His annual income might be reckoned by thousands. The two brothers married two sisters named Jones, who each possessed a fortune of 20,0007. Sir Matthew had no child; Edward had two sons and a daughter; and the first trace we find of the origin of the relation of the Tierneys with the Egmont family is in connexion with the will of the first son of Edward Tierney. Matthew was a physician residing at Brighton, where he enjoyed the personal favour of George IV. He there became acquainted with the mother of Henry, Lord Egmont, then one of the ornaments of the Court. The acquaintance of the Tierneys with this lady ripened into friendship. The first child of Edward Tierney was christened Percival, that being the title of Lord Egmont's heir, and the child's god-parents were the Countess and her son. The Earl was from his early days taught to reverence and respect Edward Tierney, who thus became the friend and counsellor of the family, and when the father of Henry succeeded to the title he appointed him agent to his Irish estates. When the testator became possessed of those estates they were heavily encumbered. In 1823, as appeared by a letter from Mr. Tidd, Q.C., the claims upon them amounted to 300,000l., the valuation of them being about 15,000l. a year. Immediately after the accession of Henry, Lord Percival (the testator) to the title, it became necessary, in order to meet the embarrassments in which the family were plunged, to borrow money. Two trust deeds were accordingly executed, whereby the whole estates were conveyed to Henry, Lord Percival, Mr. Teed, and Mr. Edward Tierney. These trustees were to pay out of the rents an annuity of 20007. a year to Lord Egmont, and 10007. a year to his son. They were also to bar all entail, and to invest the property in the right of the Earl of Egmont, so as to give him power to dispose of it ultimately to the testator, Lord Percival. In addition to being trustee, Mr. Tierney was appointed agent, invested with the power of dealing with the tenants, paying out sums of money for fencing, draining, planting, building, and otherwise increasing the value of the land,—a much-needed provision, for the Egmont estates were then the most neglected and unimproved in Ireland. Lord Percival appears, by his letters written to his agent at that time, to have been a man of education and refinement. His feeling of disappointment, however, on account of the enormous embarrassments on his property, led him to drink, and at an early period of his life he acquired habits of dissipation. "But it should be remembered," observed the counsel, "that this was at a time when dissipation was the rule of English society." His agent, however, endeavoured to cure his bad habits, and on the 28th of April, 1826, he addressed a letter to him earnestly entreating him to abandon his evil courses and his associates. The father, in the enjoyment of 20007. a year, and protected by his privileges as a peer, took a house at Epsom, and went to reside there. The son, not being in the House of Commons, and therefore unprotected, was exposed to actions and judgments and arrests, by a crowd of encumbrancers and money-lenders, who had now additional claims upon him, in consequence of his having joined in the responsibility for his father's liabilities. It was impossible, therefore, for him to reside with his father at Epsom, for he would have been subject to arrest there. He was consequently obliged to roam abroad, and to have no certain home. In order to be relieved from this vagabond kind of life, and to be able to defy the bailiffs, he was anxious to get into Parliament, and he contested a borough. This turned out to be a most unfortunate affair, for, while he failed to get a seat in Parliament, he plunged himself still deeper in debt. Counsel read correspondence in support of these statements. The condition of matters, therefore, when Henry succeeded to the title was, that he had property which he valued at 200,0007., on which there was a debt of 101,000l., without counting 23,000l. which he owed to Mr. Tierney. He then removed to a place in Wiltshire called Burderop Park, which he had purchased in the name of Mrs. Clesse, with whom he lived as if they were members of one family, being visited by persons of distinction and respectability in the neighbourhood. About the same time he became possessed |