689

INDEX TO VOL XLI,

YEAR 1878.

ABDUR-RAHMAN (Abul Fazl M.). Remarks on the value of emigra-
tion and canal irrigation in India as a cure for famines.
AGRICULTURE. Agricultural returns for 1878 [from Mr. R. Giffen's
annual Report to the Secretary of the Board of Trade]

PAGE

533-4

654

655-56

Increase in number of acres for which information was supplied
Total quantity of laud returned in 1878, increase and decrease in different
crops, &c.

65

Tables of total area and acreage of crops and grass, and number of live stock
in the United Kingdom, 1877-78.

Live stock, variation in numbers, as affected by American competition and
fear of disease, importation of bacon, &c.

AGRICULTURE, distress among our agriculturists, and necessity for
investment of more capital in land improvement.

ARBITRATION, on the advantages of

ARITHMOMETER, on the statistical use of the (see Jevons)

65

658-61

591-3

118

597

BAILEY (A. H.). Remarks on the use of the arithmometer in bank-
ruptcy accounts

reference to the note issue system of the Bank of England (see Seyd)
business stagnancy of accounts, over issues, &c. (see Seyd)
regularity of its note circulation, and table of amounts, 1845-76
banking department, accounts, over-investment of deposits, and
question of its rate of discount considered (see Seyd)
really more a State bank than foreign State banks

40

51-8

59-60

66-82

43

BANKS, London clearing, and amounts of promissory notes in circu-
lation (in England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland):

fourth quarter, 1877

for the year 1877.

and the continental banks (see Seyd)

BANKS, diagrams exhibiting the position of the Bank of England

BANKS (JOINT STOCK). The Profits of Joint Stock Banking in the
United Kingdom [from the "Statist"]

Natural increase of joint stock companies from their suitability to banking

business

141-2

Long trial which the principle has had in the United Kingdom and its

success

142

Analysis of the 109 joint stock banks in the United Kingdom, with the
amount of their capital, and percentage of dividends

142

The simple nature of banking business in England, and growth of its profit-
able character with length of establishment

BANKS (JOINT STOCK). Profits of Joint Stock Banking—contd.

Comparison of the state of the joint stock banks in 1869 and 1878, showing
great increase of those paying the larger dividends.
Remarkable increase of strength in position and credit shown by greater
increase in the reserve than in dividends

Large increase of dividends in the Scotch banks since 1869

Tables of rate of dividend, capital, and reserve, arranged according to amount
of dividend.

joint stock, more money and reserve in them when the bank-rate
at 10 per cent., than when at 2 per cent.

BANK of France, principal assets in bills discounted, management
of the currency in the war, &c.

Reichsbank of Germany, reports, &c., of

national, of Austria, account of its capital, issues, &c.
of the Netherlands, its capital, &c. .

national, of Belgium, its securities, notes .

State, of Russia, its bullion, liabilities, &c.'

Statistique des Banques d'Emission (analytical notice)

BATEMAN (Alfred Edmund). The Statistics of Canada.

Canadian statistics less known than those of Australia

PAGE

144

145

145

146-48

63

50-51

44-6

46-7

47

47

48-9

670

630

630

631

631

632

633

634

634-5

636

Important branches of statistics, such as registration, education, &c., till
lately omitted

Notice of early population enumerations of Quebec

Increase in exports and imports and tonnage of shipping since the establish-
ment of the "Dominion"

Mineral, manufacturing, and agricultural industries, and their increase
Contrary state and failures shown in the railway returns

Debts and expenditure

Appendix; tables of shipping, trade, and revenue and expenditure

BEAULIEU. See Georges de Laveleye.

BELL (Lowthian). Remarks on the difficulty of estimating our stock
of coal, and on arbitration

BLANDFORD (H. F.), on sun-spot influences as affecting famines in
India

116-18

BENGAL. Statistical account of, notice.

154

523-4

BOOKS. English Literature in 1877

BLOCK (Maurice). "Traité Théorique et Pratique de Statistique"
(notice).

151

138

Extract from the "Publishers' Circular," with analytical table of books pub-
lished in 1877, and comparison with 1876

138-41

Books. Notices of New Books

559-62

Moffat's "Economy of Consumption;" D. Cunningham "On Social Well-
being;" "L'Inde Britannique "; and "La Chine et le Japon, et l'Expo-
sition de 1878"; Hamilton "On Money and Value."

Books. Notes on Economical and Statistical Works

BOURNE (Stephen). Remarks in discussion (Giffen's paper on

capital)

32

ditto on the continued increase of our imports of food, with failing
exports

119-20

sce Food supplies (our foreign).

ditto in discussion (Newmarch's paper on foreign trade)
ditto in discussion (Newmarch's paper on foreign trade) (see
under Newmarch)

285-6

288-94

BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

Section F, Economic Science and Statistics,
Address of the President at the Forty-Eighth Meeting held
at Dublin, 1878 (see Ingram)

BROWN (J. B.). Remarks in discussion (Mundella's paper on our
manufacturing supremacy)

BULLION AND SPECIE, gold and silver imported and exported:
January-December, 1875-77

CALCULATING MACHINE, statistical use of (see Jerons)
CANADA, statistics of (see Bateman)

CAPITAL, recent accumulation of in the United Kingdom (see Giffen)
rapidity of its recent growth 1865-75, methods of calculation, &c.
comparative growth in former periods and comparison with other
countries, 1790-1860

PAGE

602

113

181

597

630

1

10-15

16-19

direct evidence of large accumulations of in the United Kingdom,
1856-77 (with tables of income tax)

223-7

recent growths of, in this country, reference to Mr. Giffen's

87

paper

apparent indestructibility of.

probable cessation of employment of in creating machinery, the
cause of the present depression

relations of with labour: no better in foreign countries than with

CHINA.

ourselves

CARPETS, loss of our trade in from American prohibitive duties
Trade of the Chinese Treaty Ports [from the Reports of the
Inspector-General of Customs]

Trade of Shanghai, its variations since 1867
of Hankow, Canton, Tientsin, Foochow, &c.

On the Debts of Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign

299

History of the foreign loan markets

299-302

by Jews, Lombards, Hanse Towns; Holland the centre of foreign
loans in the last century, especially to the United States

299-301

rise of Paris as a loan market after the Revolution

301

names of financial houses who tendered with the French Govern-
ment

302

repudiations of Mexico, Buenos Ayres, &c.

302-3

notice of papers of Baxter, Giffen, Seyd, &c.

London as an international money market

freedom of the Stock Exchange in London from administrative inter-
vention, while the French Bourse is a dependency of the Ministry
large commission paid for the use of names of English houses
circumstances which have favoured unprincipled foreign loans on the
London Exchange

Amount of holding in foreign loans

table of dividends in 1873 and 1877

303-7

causes of London's pre-eminence as a chief seat of money-dealing
houses

303-5

304

305

305-7

307-13

307-8

309

adoption of payment by coupons of foreign stocks in the London

market

311-12

Table of issues of foreign loans in London from 1791 to 1878, with names of
agents
Principles of home and foreign investment; amounts invested 1872-76
Do foreign investments in loans promote thrift or extravagance? effect on
the country.

313-18

319-24

324-9

quotations from Mr. Giffen and the "Economist " relative to the recent
foreign loan crisis, and their connection with our foreign trade
Account of loans in default 1878, and estimate of default

the final loss usually of the capital staked contributed from savings from
other loan operations

324-5

Greece and Honduras the hopeless cases

326-9
329-30
330

International law and procedure against sovereign debtors

331-8

injurious effects of the creation of petty sovereign States and allowing
to them the rights conceded to the highest

immunity of these States from being sued as defendants

332
335

other anomalies injurious to creditors of States, and proceeding and
posed Bill of Mr. J. Morris for remedying them

pro-

336-8

PAGE

CLARKE (Hyde). On the Debts of Sovereign States—contd.

Division of national debts among conquered States; cases stated by Mr.
Guedalla

338-41

The countries contracting loans more sinned against than sinning, from the
high rate of interest charged them (12 to 30 per cent.), which itself caused
their ruin.

Newmarch (William)

The real defence against bad investments, the exercise of care and common
sense by the lenders

Cohen (L. L.)

Fallacious character of the statistics from income tax returns, from the divi-
dends of loans being payable both in London and abroad; and difficulty of
distinguishing between speculation and actual business

McKewan (W.)

Sympathy thrown away on many investors, but the Stock Exchange at fault
in not checking the allotments of foreign loans merely for re-sale
Giffen (Robert)

Defence of the press as having warned the public against some of these
foreign loans; the United States not to be stigmatised as repudiating by
the passage of the "Silver Bill"

Lefevre (G. J. Shaw)

Difficulty in arriving at a knowledge of the real investments in foreign funds;
folly of English investors in avoiding the French and American loans; the
United States unwise but not fraudulent in adopting the silver standard;
Turkey a gainer rather than a loser by its loans; the publicity of the
press the main security against fraudulent loans

Clarke (Hyde), reply:

Objection to statements of the President and Mr. Newmarch relative to the
United States' loans; losses to Turkey in payments to the manipulators of

her loans

CLARKE (Hyde). Remarks in discussion (Mundella on our Manufac-
turing Supremacy)

ditto (Newmarch on foreign trade).

Remarks on forest science and cycles of famines

COAL. Tables of its production and consumption since 1660, with its
calculated future production and economy

consumption, remarks on, in the discussion on Mr. Mundella's Į 116–19,
paper

supplies, question of their exhaustion

"its History and Uses," by Green, Marshall, &c., analytical notice of
COHEN (L. L.). Remarks in discussion (Newmarch on Foreign Trade)
Remarks on the fallacious character of statistics from income tax
returns

COHN (G.), "On the Labour of Switzerland," extracts from
COLONIES, advantages of ours to our commerce, and growth of exports
and imports to and from in 1868-77

COMETS, tables of

COMMERCE. General Results of the Commercial and Financial
History of 1877 [from the "Economist"] .

124

89-91

666

294-5

342-3

101-2

104

482, 501

348

Bad harvest, and losses in iron trade.

1877 a worse year, commercially, than 1876, with special aggravations of
distress in the Indian famine, United States railway depression, and the
war in Turkey

348

348

Price of wheat, 1871-77

349

American meat supply, increasing amount in 1877 more than equal to de-
crease in the home supply

Gradual increase in temperature of our climate during last 100 years.
Gold and silver production, 1848-77

-the steel trade of Great Britain still much in excess of foreign countries.
Imports and exports 1871-76, excess of the former, and its probable causes
Money market in 1877, changes in rate of discount

Iron trade, prices in 1877, production, exports, and revolution in the trade
from substitution of steel for wrought iron, &c.

Cotton trade, prices, consumption in Europe and the United States, value of
cotton manufactures in Great Britain, exports, &c.