Travels in Siberia, tr. by W. D. Cooley - Georg Adolph Erman - Google knygos

Knygos

Puslapio vaizdai

CONTENTS

THE FIRST VOLUME.

First Thoughts of the Journey. Monument at Pyritz. Manners

fashioned by Material Nature. Dantzig. Ferry over the Vis-

tula. Königsberg. Arrival of Swallows. The Nährung.

Mirage. Memel. The Samaïtes. Russian Frontier. Mitau.

Riga. Burláks, or Wandering Labourers. The Lithuanians.

Valk. The Esthonians. Backward Vegetation. Dorpat. The

Observatory. Boulders. Court of Justice. Ancient Greek

Custom. Lake Peipus. Chudleigh. Narva. Opolye. Page 1

St. Petersburg. The Admiralty. Neva. The Gostinnoi Dvor.

The Islands. Church of Peter and Paul. Character of the

Russians in the Capital. The Official Class. Hereditary Rank.

Nationality. Foreign Merchants. Russian Mercantile Class

Adherence to Old Usage. Match-makers. Bride Shows. The

Russian American Trading Company. Artificers. Cheapness

of Living. The Clergy. Museum of the Academy. Carvings

by Peter I. Mammoth's Remains. Meteoric Stones. Veget-

ation near St. Petersburg. Scenery on the Neva. Rural Taste

CHAPTER III.

Preparations for Departure. Mode of Yoking in Carriages. Road

to Moscow. Imperial Demesnes. Singular Custom at Tosna.

Peasants' Ice-Cellars. Novgorod, its Decline. River Msta.

Shoes of Bast. Sect of the Strigolniki. Boulders. Frequency

of Oak. Elevation of the Valdai. Bell Manufacture. Ye-

drovo. Log Roads begin. Canal between the Volga and the

Neva. Vuishnyi Volochok. Internal Traffic by Water. Na-

tional Songs. Caravans from the Ukraine. Peculiarity of the

Cattle. Torjok. Leather Manufacture. Cultivation of Cher-

ries. Wines of the Don. Great Monastery. Tver. Improved

Moscow, its Colossal Character. Frequent Conflagrations. The

Kremlin. Old Palace of the Tsars. The Great Bell. Chinese

Town. Peculiar Kind of Industry. Serf Market. Manners

of the Grandees- their Amusements. Road from Moscow to

Bogorodsk. First Appearance of Rock. Platova. Paintings

in Pokrof. Vladimir, Signs of its ancient Greatness. Murom.

Trade on the Oka. Hives in the Trees. Doskino. Nijnei

CHAPTER V.

Market Buildings. Arme-

Fable of the Lamb-Plant.

Nijnei Novgorod. The Great Fair.

nians. Bokharians. Cotton Trade.

Bokharian Shawls. Chinese Quarter. The Mordvi. Numbers

frequenting the Fair. Amusements. Physical Features of the

Country. Banks of the Volga. Fall of the Banks. History of

Nijnei Novgorod its Trade. Makarief. The Grusinski

Family. Luiskovo. Revenue from Makarief-and from Nijnei.

Value of Importation. Population. Taxes

CHAPTER VI.

Departure from Nijnei. Troops of Exiles. Vasili Sursk. Indi-

genous Tribes.
Oak Forests. Dress and Superstitions of the

Cheremisses. Bieloi Vrag. The Chuvashes. Their Dress.

Their Timidity. Women's Ornaments. Svajik. Religious

Procession. The Tatar Population. Passage of the Volga.

Kasan. The Fortress. Fur Murket. Fruits from Bokhara.

Pistachio Nuts. Caviar. The Tea Trade. University of

Kasan. The Tatars. Evening Service in the Mesjid. Tatar

Houses. History of Kasan. Surofzof's Researches
130

CHAPTER VII.

Churilin. Arsk. Metyeshka. Tatar Burial-Ground. Symptoms

of Approach to the Ural. Rock at Yangul. Malmuish. Gold

found here. Fossils. Bear Hunting. River Vyatka. The

Votyaks. Heights determined. Effect of Forests on the Cli-

mate. Suri. Iron Works of Votka. Cast Steel. Ije. His-

tory of Sobakin. Mode of making Fire-Arms. Mixed Popu-

lation of the Country. Sosnovka. Migration of Serfs. Road

to Dubrova. Elevation of the Ground. Tortuous Course of the

Kama. Dubrova. Okhansk

CHAPTER VIII.

Perm, its simple Style. Rapidity of the Kama. View across the

River. Mines of Achinsk. Mode of Working.

against Fire. Great Extent of the Copper Ore.

Perm. Kruilasovo. Gypseous Rock.

Slatoústof-k. Their Temperature. Smelting Houses of Irginsk.

Bisersk. Great Elevation. Kirgishansk. Caravan of Precious

Metals. Boundary of Asia. Furnaces of Bilimbayeisk. High-

est Part of the Road. The Descent. The Ridge of the Ural.

CHAPTER IX.

Magnetical Observations. Indications of Two Northern Poles

Deviation of the Isoclinal Lines. Increased Intensity. Han-

steen's Theory. Irbit. Early Traffic. Lapidaries in Yeka-

terinburg. Precious Stones. The Old Creed Licentiousness.

Population of Serfs. Aspect of the Town. An Imperial Fes-

tival. The Bird Cherry. Journey Northwards commenced.

Charcoal Burners. Larch-Woods. Nevyansk. Origin of the

Place. Alapayefsk. Magnetic Rocks. Gold. Population of

Nevyansk. Wages. Hay Harvest. Constitution of the Mining

Districts. Relies in the Castle

CHAPTER X.

Departure from Nevyansk. Forests. Siberian Cedar. Its Nuts.

Humble Vegetation. Large-tailed Sheep. Tagilsk. Produce

of the Furnaces. Gold and Lead. Varieties of Crude Iron.

Copper with Iron. Lackering and Painting. Cliff of Iron Ore.

Great Mineral Wealth. Encreased Temperature of the Wells.

Importance of this Phenomenon. Origin of the Metalliferous

Deposits. Twofold Submersion. The Woods of the Dimidov

Family. Climate of Tagilsk

CHAPTER XI.

Laya. Kushva. Magnetic Mountain of Blagodat. Mineral Riches

anciently known. Chudish Mines. Iron Ores of Blagodat.

Kachkinsk. Distribution of Gold and Platinum. Fossil Ele-

phants in the Metalliferous Deposits. Turinsk. Magnetical

Phenomena at Sheitan. Verkhoturie. Fallen Importance of

the Place. Bessonova. Northern Limit of Tillage in the Ural.

Gold at Latinsk. Rich Produce. Bogoslavsk. Mines of Tu-

rinsk. Climate. The Voguls, all Hunters. Return from the

North. The Black Spring. Platinum Beds

CHAPTER XII.

Return to Yekaterinburg. Shartash. Plain of the Puishma. In-

terior of the Gold Mine. Mining-Field of Beresov. Gold

Washing. Total Produce. Winter Life. Maids' Meetings.

Foundation of a Nunnery. Veneration for Idiots. Quarries of

the Iset. Graving-Lathes.
Graving-Lathes. Stone-Works. Jasper. Total

Produce of the Ural. Iron Wrought. Copper. Value of the

Gold and Platinum. River Navigation. Freight. Rapid De-

scent. Details of the Voyage down. Bashkir Plains. Laishef.

Length of the Navigation

Exiles in Yekaterinburg. Kosaks of the Ural. The Bashkirs

their Careless Lives-Lovers of Falconry-probably the Argip-

pæi of Herodotus-Derivation of their Name-their Religion—

peculiar Mode of Burial. Evils of Log-Roads. Departure

from Yekaterinburg. Sugat. Atmospheric Changes. Tyumen.

The Limits of the Lime-Tree. The Nelma Salmon. Great

Fertility. Flights of Birds. Yujakova. Exhortations to the

Horse. The Irtuish. Arrival in Tobolsk -

Plan of a Journey down the Obi. Scientific Observations. Re-

sults obtained by Boring. Public Buildings of Tobolsk. Style

of the Private Houses. Natural Origin of Local Habits.

cers in Siberia. Siberia practically Free. Germans in Tobolsk.

Astronomical Observations. The Market. Cheap Furs. Pro-

muisl. Fowling near Tobolsk. Abundance and Variety for the

Table. Elevation of the Ground. Its Temperature. Chappe's

Observatory. Difference between the Irtuish and Obi 317

CHAPTER XV.

Easy Navigation to Beresov. Formation of the Snow-Way. No

Whips in the Land of Horses. The Gostini Dvor. Chinese

Goods. Brick-Tea. Yarkend Goods. Trade with Bokhara

and the South. The Route to Tashkend. The River Chui.

Tigers in the Steppes. Limit of the Tamarisc. Great Heat

of Tashkend. Its Produce and Industry. Exports and Imports.

CHAPTER XVI.

The Chief Priest in Tobolsk. Observations on the Site of Chappe's

Observatory. Kidnapping by the Kirgis. Their Cruelty to

Captives. Their general Character. Schools for the Indigenous

Races. Marriage Ceremonies in Tobolsk. Licentious Sects.

The Exiles. Magnetic Observations. The River frozen. Pre-

parations for the Journey northward. Ostyak Clothing. Pro-

visions. The Nart described

Journey to Obdorsk. The Ice-Road. Forests of the Irtuish.

Tugalova. Mode of Fishing. Veils of the Ostyak Women.

Ostyak Song. Repolovo. Fish-Skin Windows. Nettle-Cloth.

Limits of the Elk and Rein-deer. Opening of the Fishery so-

lemnised. Samarovo. The First Stones in the Plain. Yelisa-

rovo. Fish Trade on the River. Kevashinsk. Draught-Dogs.

Conflagrations in the Forests. Reputed Enmity of the Elk and

Glutton. Ostyak Bows and Arrows. Kasuimskie Tribe. Dog-

Sosnov. Fine Pine-Trees. Ice-Windows. Fish-Skin Clothing.

Mortality among the Ostyaks. Kondinsk. Official Insolence.

Stones in the Obi. Whence they come. Isatskie. Endemic

Disease. Aleshki. Unfrozen Springs. Shorkal. Energy of

Russian Settlers. The Kasuimsky traced. Kunduvansk. In-

terior of the Yurt. Ermine Trap. Treatment of the Dogs.
Encroachments of the River. Ostyak Observations of the
Heavens
Page 434

CHAPTER XIX.

Beresov. Pine Woods. Darkness. Hospitality. The exiled

Menchikof. His Grave opened in 1821. Perpetual Congelation

of the Ground. Coins preserved by the Ostyaks. The Aurora

Borealis. Temperature of the Ground determined. Siberian

Magnetic Pole. The Mercantile Class. Culture of Grain at

Beresov. Peltry. The Beaver. The Trader's Domestic Life.

Tatar Traders. Honesty of the Ostyaks. Their Mode of

Swearing. Exiles. Moral Improvement of banished and eman-

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