one without understanding the subject will be able to solve the mystery. Parts of the lungs are placed under and huddled up with the organs of digestion. Yang-sheng-lu (E) has no counterpart in English, and the mode of printing, makes it cover the whole of the alimentary eanal and comes back to the salivary glands of the mouth. In small characters it is given correctly opposite alimentary canal. Why are the large characters introduced at all and made to cover so much of the page? I have not come across the terin yang-sheng-lu in Chinese books. It looks a bit foreign. The ordinary Chinese is yin-shih-tao (✯✯☀) which I prefer. As examples of another form of error which is more obvious, where the English appears horizontally and the Chinese perpendicularly, and of course much out of place, but without any corresponding Chinese immediately opposite, take the terms relating to the foetal circulation, and pulmonary circulation. As an illustration of a trunk vein taking the place of a branch, without any English or Chinese heading, take the venæ innominatæ. As specimens of transposition take pancreatic juice and intestinal juice; the muscles of the anterior tibio-fibular region; muscles of the ear and the femur. As things altogether out of line and therefore standing opposite to parts to which they do not belong take the base of the cranium. If space had permitted I should like to have printed a few specimens of what is and what might and ought to have been.

PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN PEKING AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. BY REV. S. E. MEECH.

THE history of Protestant Missions in Peking extends over a period of twenty years. During that time ten Societies have been engaged in Christian work. Up to the present time three have withdrawn from the field, viz., the English Presbyterian Mission, whose sole representative was Rev. W. C. Burns; the Church Missionary Society, which retired in 1880 after 18 years' occupation; the Woman's Union Mission, which, commencing work in 1869, transferred its work to Shanghai in 1881. Another Society, the American Episcopal, relinquished work in 1875, though still retaining the premises and chapel formerly in use. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was represented by Dr. Stewart, who arrived in 1863 but remained only until the Spring of the following year. The work of this Society recommenced in 1880, when the Church Missionary Society withdrew its agent.

There are therefore now labouring in Peking six Protestant Missionary Societies. They arc-in the order in which their repre

sentatives arrived-the London Missionary Society, the American Presbyterian Mission, the American Board Mission, the Methodist Episcopal Mission, the National Bible Society of Scotland, and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.

These Missions in early years were all but one located in the southeastern portion of the Tartar city. The American Episcopal Mission was from the first on the west side of the city though still near to the portion occupied by the Legations, &c. The Church Mission, in the sixth year of its existence in Peking, occupied new ground considerably west of the American Episcopal, dividing the Mission into two parts. On the departure of Rev. J. S. Burdon in 1873 the western portion was alone retained and became the head quarters of the Mission. The American Presbyterian Mission next bought premises in the north of the city removing there in 1872. Five years later the London Mission bought land and built a house in the west side of the city considerably to the north of the Church Mission.

The preaching chapels are even more widely scattered than the Mission compounds. It may be said that all parts of the Tartar city have the Gospel proclaimed in them except the north west. The Chinese city has only one chapel, that of the Methodist Episcopal Mission. One chapel, that of the American Episcopal Mission, but used by the Church of England Mission, is in one of the suburbs on the west of the Tartar city. There are in all ten chapels where preaching to the heathen is carried on daily or at stated intervals.

A sketch of each of the Missions may now be given in the order indicated above. Exception however will be made in the case of the Church Mission. Although this Society has withdrawn its agent from Peking, the work taken up by the new Church of England Mission is almost precisely that left by it. The sketch of the Church Mission will therefore come in the order of its establishment in Peking.

THE LONDON MISSION.

The work of the London Mission was begun by Dr. Lockhart in the Autumn of 1861. A house was rented from the British Government situated close to the Legation. Medical work was entered upon immediately, and with great success. The Rev. J. Edkins after paying several visits to the capital took up his permanent residence there in the Autumn of 1863. In the Spring of the following year Dr. and Mrs. Dudgeon joined the Mission. The medical work was at once placed in his hands by Dr. Lockhart who returned immediately to England. In addition to preaching to the patients in the hospital, evangelistic work was for a while carried on in a lane some little distance to the north east of the hospital. A day school was also established at the

latter place. The house hitherto occupied being required by the British Minister other and larger premises were purchased on the East-gate street. These consisted of a large private residence and a temple to the god of Fire. The residence was divided so as to provide accommodation for the Mission families. The main building of the temple was devoted to the service of God, both as a chapel for the use of the native Christians and as a place for preaching to the heathen. The remainder of the temple building was used for Hospital and Dispensary. In 1866 the Rev. R. J. Thomas became a member of the Mission. His stay however only lasted until the Autumn when he joined an expedition to Corea where it is supposed that he was murdered. A Mission to the Mongols having been determined on by the Directors of the London Missionary Society, the Rev. J. Gilmour, M.A., arrived in 1870, shortly before the Tientsin massacre, to commence that branch of the Mission work. The next to join the Mission was the Rev. S. E. Meech, who reached Peking early in 1872. In order to provide house accommodation for the additions which had been and would be made, and also to break up new ground in the west city, it was deemed desirable to appoint Rev. G. Owen, who arrived in 1875, and the Rev. S. E. Meech, with their families, to that part of the city, where a chapel had for many years been used for evangelistic purposes, and a day school for girls had been established. The day school had been discontinued some time before the division of the Mission force and the occupation of the new premises had taken place. The new houses were entered on at the end of 1877. The last change in the staff was occasioned by the withdrawal of Dr. Edkins from the Mission.

In connection with the Mission in the east city there is one preaching chapel which is opened daily for evangelistic services. The out-patients of the hospital hear the Gospel preached in this place while waiting for the doctor. Others, passers by on the street, also attend and hear the word of life. In the west city are two preaching chapels open six days in the week. One of these is especially well situated and is daily crowded with attentive audiences. A boarding-school for girls was established by the late Mrs. Edkins early in the history of the Mission. This school now numbers seventeen girls, of whom five are from the Tientsin Mission, and the remainder from the city. The majority are the children of Christian parents.

In connection with the West Mission is a small day-school for boys with four scholars in regular attendance. No inducements are held out to the scholars, beyond free teaching.

The country work of the Mission lies to the south of the city, almost all on a line running east of south. The nearest station is twenty miles distant, the furthest about sixty-six miles. While having no station, properly so called, there are six villages and market towns where the converts mostly live.

As already stated the Mission was first started as a Medical one under Dr. Lockhart. That branch of the work has been carried on ever since under Dr. Dudgeon. The in-patients numbered 15,000 during the year 1881, and the out-patients about 100.

THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

The Church Mission commenced work in 1862. The Rev. J. S. Burdon was the first missionary of the Society to take up his residence in Peking. He was followed by Rev. W. H. Collins and family in 1864, and by the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson in 1866. The last mentioned remained only until 1869 when they retired from Mission work. The Mission premises at this time were situated in close proximity to the legations. In 1868 it was thought desirable to extend the work of the Mission and a new compound was purchased in the West City, to which the Rev. W. H. Collins removed. On the elevation of the Rev. J. S. Burdon to the Bishopric of Victoria, the premises occupied by him ceased to be used for Mission purposes. In 1875 the Rev. W. Brereton joined the Mission. Five years later in 1880 the Church Missionary Society withdrew from North-China. The Rev. Mr. Collins returned to England, but the Rev. W. Brereton became a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and the work of the C.M.S. was carried on by him under the auspices of the Bishop of North-China.

There are two preaching places in Peking besides the chapel on the Mission compound. One of them is situated on the West Great street not far removed from the Mission, the other is in one of the western suburbs. A boys' boarding-school has twelve scholars. In this school food only and tuition are provided.

The country work lies to the south of Peking chiefly at Yungch'ing, distant forty-seven miles. There is also a station in the Hochau prefecture distant about 140 miles from Peking.

AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSION.

The first representative of this Mission was the Rev. W. A. P. Martin, D.D., who reached Peking in 1863. The Rev. W. T. Morrison followed in 1867, hoping that the change would be effectual in restoring his health which had been seriously affected by residing in Ningpo. The change did not produce the desired result, for he

died in 1869. Dr. Martin having become President of the Peking College his connection with the Mission ceased at this time. In this same year the Mission was reinforced by the arrival of the Revs. J. L. Whiting and D. C. McCoy. The Rev. J. Wherry joined this station of the Presbyterian Mission in 1872, having been previously located at Tungchow-fu and Shanghai. The Mission removed its work in this year from the south-east part of the city to the north, having purchased large and commodious premises in that hitherto unoccupied portion of the city. The street chapel in the neighbourhood of the former location became the property of the American Methodist Episcopal Mission, it being advantageously situated for their work. Soon after removing to the north a chapel was built in the neighbourhood of the Mission compound. The situation of this chapel is exceptionally good and commands large audiences from amongst the passers by. In 1874 Miss Douw and Miss North joined the Mission having previously been in connection with the Women's Union Mission. Miss North was soon compelled to return to America on account of ill health. Her place was taken by Miss Barr, who arrived in 1877. Medical work was commenced soon after on the arrival of Dr. Atterbury, which took place in 1879. A dispensary has been established in connection with the preaching chapel, at which some twenty-five to thirty patients are seen on each of the days it is

open.

A hospital has also been started at Dr. Atterbury's residence in the southern part of the city.

A handsome chapel for the meetings of the converts has been built on the Mission compound. There is a boarding-school for girls with thirty scholars and another for boys with twenty-four scholars. In addition to the work in the city one station is maintained in Shantung about fifty miles to the north of Chinan-fu, the capital of that province. Evangelistic work of a promising nature has also been done to the north-east of Peking, though there are as yet no direct results to report.

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS.

The Rev. H. Blodget removed from Tientsin to Peking in 1864 to commence the work of the Mission. Mrs. Bridgman arrived in the same year. The house previously bought by Dr. Stewart of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was procured, and became the head quarters of the Mission. It is situated in the central part of the east city. Mr. (afterward Dr.) Blodget was followed in 1865 by the Rev. Channcey Goodrich. In the same year a station was opened at Kalgan in the extreme north of the province and distant