clergyman in which he gave circumstantial evidence to prove Jefferson's innocence."- William Elory Curtis, The True Thomas Jefferson, pp. 311-313.

Page 156, note 2. Edward Everett, in the Governor's Address of 1836 to the General Court of Massachusetts, as printed in the Documents of the House of Representatives of that year, pages 29-31, said on this subject: "The country has been greatly agitated during the past year in relation to slavery, and acts of illegal violence kindled on this subject in different parts of the Union, which cannot be too strongly deplored. As the genius of our institutions and the character of our people are entirely repugnant to laws impairing the liberty of speech or of press, even for the sake of repressing its abuses, the patriotism of all classes of citizens must be invoked to abstain from a discussion which, by exasperating the master, can have no other effect than to render more oppressive the condition of the slave; and which if not abandoned, there is great reason to fear will prove the rock on which the Union will split. Such a disastrous consummation, in addition to all its remediless political evils for every state of the Union, could scarcely fail, sooner or later, to bring on a war of extermination in the slaveholding states. On the contrary, a conciliatory forbearance with regard to this subject, in the non-slaveholding states, would strengthen the hands of a numerous class of citizens at the south, who desire the removal of the evil, whose voice has often been heard for its abolition in legislative assemblies, but who are struck down and silenced by the agitation of the question abroad; and it would leave this whole painful subject where the Constitution leaves it, and in the hands of an all wise Providence." See James Freeman Clarke's Anti-Slavery Days, page 103.

Page 156, note 3. Harriet Martineau, in her "So

ciety in America," vol. I, pages 126-127, American ed. of 1837, describes this event: "Upon consultation the ladies agreed that they should never have sought the perilous duty of defending liberty of opinion and speech at the last crisis; but as such a service seemed manifestly appointed to them the women were ready. On the 21st of October they met at the office of their association [Boston Female Anti-slavery Society], 46 Washington street. Twenty-five reached the room by going three-quarters of an hour before the appointed time. Five more made their way up with difficulty through the crowd. A hundred more were turned back by the mob. They knew that a handbill had been circulated on the Exchange and posted on the City Hall and throughout the city the day before, which had declared that Thompson, the abolitionist, was to address them, and invited the citizens, under promise of pecuniary reward, to smoke Thompson out and bring him to a tar-kettle before dark.' The ladies had been warned that they would be killed, as sure as fate,' if they showed themselves on their own premises that day. They therefore informed the mayor that they expected to be attacked. The reply of the city marshal was, 'You give us a great deal of trouble.' The committee-room was surrounded, and gazed into by a howling, shrieking mob of gentlemen, while the ladies sat perfectly still, awaiting the striking of the clock. When it struck, they opened their meeting. They were questioned as to whether Thompson was there in disguise, to which they made no reply. They began as usual with prayer. The mob shouting, Hurra! here comes Judge Lynch!' Before they had done the partition gave way, and the gentlemen hurled themselves at the lady who was presiding. The secretary having risen, and begun to read her report, rendered inaudible by the uproar, the mayor entered, and insisted on their going

home to save their lives. The purpose of the meeting was answered; they had asserted their principle, and they now passed out, two by two, amidst the execration of some thousands of gentlemen, persons who had silver shrines to protect. The ladies to the number of fifty walked to the house of one of their number, and were presently struck to the heart by the news that Garrison was in the hands of the mob." This was the mob of gentlemen of property and standing,' dressed in broadcloth, who attacked Garrison immediately following this episode.

66

Page 156, note 4. Garrison wrote to George W. Benson, September 17, 1835: I suppose you have heard of the presentation of a stout gallows to me, at 23 Brighton street, Boston, by order of Judge Lynch. It was destroyed by the city authorities. I regret that it was not preserved for our Anti-slavery Museum. Thompson has presented a brickbat to it, but this would have been a more substantial curiosity." Garrison's biography by his children, vol. I, page 519.

Page 156, note 5. The Georgia Senate, November 30, 1831, passed a resolution offering a reward of $5000 to any person "who shall arrest, bring to trial and prosecute to conviction under the laws of this state the editor of a certain paper called the Liberator." The proclamation of the governor was based on this resolution, and was continued without being rescinded for several years. Garrison's Life by his children, vol. I, page 249.

Page 156, note 6. This reference is to vol. II, page 89, of the Memoir of Dr. Channing, by W. H. Channing.

Page 157, note 7. The Autobiography of Dr. Lyman Beecher will afford a good illustration of this tendency to condemn Unitarianism. He writes of it, vol. II, page 53. "It was as fire in my bones; my mind was heating, heating, heating." Again, page 56:

"It is scarcely necessary to add that the system of Unitarianism, in all its forms, Dr. Beecher regarded as the deadly foe of human happiness, whose direct tendency was to prevent true conviction and conversion, and leave men bound hand and foot under the power of the adversary. He could not be loyal to Christ, benevolent to men, or true to his own convictions without making war on such a system."

Page 161, note 8. This was not the general opinion of the men of Channing's own period. George Ticknor, traveling in Europe, and dining daily with the arbiters of opinion in all countries, wrote home to Boston in 1836: "Channing's is already much greater than I had supposed, not so extra live as that of Washington Irving, but almost as much so, and decidedly higher. Mrs. Somerville, Miss Joanna Bailey, and several other persons, declaring to me that he was generally regarded as the best writer of English prose alive." In April, 1838, Mr. Ticknor dined at Lord Holland's, with Pazzo di Borgo and the Earl of Albemarle, and he noted that "Lord Holland, Lord Albemarle, and Mr. Allen talked about Dr. Channing as the best writer of English alive." Dr. Chalmers praised Channing for his intellectual power and eloquence; and Turguenev was a great admirer of Channing. See George Ticknor's Life, Letters and Journals.

IV

PRESCOTT AS AN HISTORIAN

The sixth number of the Massachusetts Quarterly Review, for March, 1849, contained Parker's discussion of the Character of Mr. Prescott as an Historian. The following books were placed in review, and their titles were printed at the beginning of the article:

The History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isa

bella the Catholic. By William H. Prescott, &c., &c. Boston, 1838. 3 vols. 8vo.

History of the Conquest of Mexico, with a Preliminary View of the Ancient Mexican Civilization and the Life of the Conquerer, Hernando Cortés. By William H. Prescott, &c., &c. New York, 1845. 3 vols. 8vo.

History of the Conquest of Peru, with a Preliminary View of the Civilization of the Incas. By William H. Prescott, &c., &c. New York, 1847. 2 vols. 8vo.

This review was reprinted by Miss Cobbe in the second volume of her edition, entitled Critical Writings. In his Life and Correspondence, vol. II, page 10, Weiss says of the manner in which this and the succeeding article were prepared: "Before he undertook to review Mr. Prescott's popular histories he spent all the leisure time which he could command during seven months, in reading the authorities. He read everything excepting some MSS. in the possession of Mr. Prescott himself, and thus he verified nearly every citation made in the eight volumes which were under review. The first article contains an admirable statement of the office and duty of an historian. This is derived from his own humane and philosophical spirit, criticizing in the interest of the future of the people all the best histories yet written of the past."

The biography of Prescott was written by George Ticknor, Boston, 1864. In the series of American Men of Letters is a biographical and critical study by Rollo Ogden; and in the English Men of Letters is one by Harry Thurston Peck.

Page 173, note 1. The name of the writer of this article is not given in Poole's Index of Periodical Literature. It appeared in vol. 64, June, 1839.

Page 189, note 2. The review of the work on Peru was not written.