ACKNOWLEDGMENT The core of this book was used as a lecture at Oxford and Cambridge Universities in the spring of 1914 with the caption, "Economic Causes in the American Civil War." The preparation of that lecture involved much fresh scrutiny of the subject, and I wish to thank the authorities of the Bodleian Library and the British Museum for assistance. To my English friends Mr. Norman Angell and Sir William Mather I extend especial thanks for invaluable aid. On this side of the water I owe much to many friends and correspondents, including Major Harry Hammond, the late Mr. D. A. Tompkins, and Dr. Walter Hines Page, now the American Ambassador to England. I owe most, however, to my Pasadena friend, George Ellery Hale, without whose encouragement I should hardly have brought this book to completion. I desire to thank my colleagues, Professors Barrett, Judy, and Simons, as well as Mr. James Ford Rhodes, Professor John Bates Clark, and Mr. R. L. Ashley, for valuable suggestions made while the book was passing through the press. Alphabetical lists of the leading authorities will be found at the close of the volume. THROOP COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. JAMES A. B. SCHERER. 36 PROTECTION AND FREE TRADE; ANOTHER REVERSAL . 37 NEW ENGLAND AND THE SOUTH . 38 COTTON EXPORTS AND THE TARIFF . SOUTHERN NATIONALISM. 42 TEXAS AND THE WILMOT PROVISO 44 1850: WEBSTER ANSWERS CALHOUN |