and the uppermost part is the top. How isit then, if the bottom should be uppermost? Stu. The top would then be the lowermost ; and so the bottom would become the top, and the top would become the bottom: and this is called the topsey-turvey mode, which is nearly allied to the accidental, and frequently arises > from it. Prof. Very good But are not sa.t-boxes sometimes single and sometimes double? Stu. Yes. Prof. Well, then mention the several combinations of salt boxes, with respect to their having salt or not. Stu. They are divided intosingle salt-boxes have ing salt; single salt-boxes having no salt; ́ double salt-boxes having salt; double salt-boxes having no salt; and single double salt-boxes having salt and no salt. Prof. Hold hold! you are going too far.

Of our author's poetry the following is a favourable specimen.

Those, who in ships pursue their danger

ous way

Through the vast empire of the track

less sea,

Behold the power of heav'n's Almighty king,

And with a fearful awe his praises sing. At his tremendous word the billows rise,

And clouds glide swiftly through the floating skies;

Sulphureous 'ightnings dart from pole to pole,

And o'er the burden'd æther heavy thunders roll;

The howling tempest seems to shake the globe,

Whilst troubled nature wears her dark

est robe:

Yet doth the little bark the tumult brave, And on the bite top of the bursting wave Quivering she bangs her masts the clouds divide,

And from beneath, hell opes her portals

wide:

Confusion reigns o'er all the watry realm; The astonish'd seamen quit the useless

helm:

And though the tempest roars, the LordTM will hear :

The same dread word, that swell'd the boiling main,

Commands a calm, and all is smooth again;

Their terrours vanish, whilst propitious gales

Swift to the port impel their swelling sails.

Though, by this time, the reader must be acquainted with our opinion of these works, we cannot close them forever without a few last remarks. Their principal defect is, want of character. They have no point, no tooth, and take such ladylike hold on the mind, that we read them and forget them with perfect unconcern. The abuse of logick, grammar and rhetorick ought not to be laid to their charge; for so far as these go, they are tolerably correct. The absence of blunders, however, is not excellence, any more than exemption from criminality is virtue. honours are decreed to mediocrity, and not till then, the subject of this review may come in for the laurel. Such is our opinion of the works of Francis Hopkinson, Esq. in giving which, we have spoken of them as they are; "nothing extenuated, nor set down aught in malice." have said, and we repeat it, had Mr. H. gone correctly to work, he would have done something, but he has play ed with his pen, instead of wielding it like a man, and it was our duty to take him in hand for his folly.

When

We

NEW WORKS.

An Address to the Members of the Merrimack Humane Society, at their annniversary meeting, in Newburyport, Sept. 6, 1808. By Michael Hodge, jun. Esq. Newburyport, Thomas & Whipple.

The 3d volume of the Works of Alexander Pope, Esq. containing the Dunciad,in 4 books, with a handsome frontispiece, engraved by I. H. Seymour, which completes the 3d volume of Select Miscellaneous Classicks. Hastings, Etheridge and Bliss, Boston.

An Oration, describing the influence of Commerce on the prosperity, charac ter and genius of nations. Written at the request of the society of Phi Beta Kappa, and delivered on their anniversary at Cambridge, Sept. 1, 1808. By James Richardson. Boston. Russell & Cutler. 8vo. pp. 20.

Vol. I. of Reports of the Trials of Col. Aaron Burr, late Vice President of the United States, for treason and for a misdemeanor, in preparing the means of a military expedition against Mexico, &c. in the Circuit Court of the United States. To which is added, an Appendix, containing the arguments and evidence in support and defence of the motion ofterwards made to commit A. Burr, H. Blannerhasset, and J. Smith, to be sent for trial to the state of Kentucky, for treason or misdemeanor alledged to be committed there; taken in short hand by David Robertson, Esq. Counsellor at Law.

The Knowledge of Jesus Christ supremely important-a Sermon, delivered June 8, 1808, at the installation of the Rev. Josiah Webster, to the pastoral care of the United Church and Society in

Hampton, N. H. By Samuel Worces ter, pastor of the Tabernacle Church in Salem. Thomas C. Cushing Salem.

The Military Mentor, being a series of letters recently written by a general officer to his son, on his entering the army; comprising a course of elegant instruction, calculated to unite the characters and accomplishments of the gentleman and the soldier. Vol. 2. Cushing & Appleton, Salem, and Jeshua Cushing, Boston.

A selection of Psalms and Hymns, embracing all the varieties of subjects and metre, suitable for private devotion and the worship of churches. By William Emerson, A. M. pastor of the first church in Boston. Psalm xlvii. 7. Boston, Munroe, Francis & Parker. 12mo. pp. 300.

Chaplin's Sermon on the greatness of Redemption. Price 25 cents.

The Watery War: a poetical description of the existing controversy between the Pedobaptists and Baptists. Price Boston, Manning and

12 1-2 cents.

Loring,

Three dissertations on Boylston Prize Questions, for the years 1806 and 1807. By George Cheyne Shuttuck, M. D_Being the dissertations to which the Boylston Prize Questions were adjudged. To which is prefixed the publick account of their adjudication. Boston, Belcher and Armstrong.

A Sermon, delivered at Hallowell, be fore the Maine Missionary Society, at their anniversary, June 15, 1808. By Jonathan Scott, V. D. M. pastor of the first church in Minott. Hallowell, N. Cheever.

An Address to the General Associa tion of Connecticut, to the congregation

Joshua Cushing of this town, has in the press, An Introduction to the making of Latin ; adapted to the rules of Adam's and Smith's Syntax.

Joshua Cushing of this town, has in press, The Anatomy of the Gravid Uterus, with practical inferences relative to pregnancy and labour. By John Burns, surgeon in Glasgow.

I. Riley, New-York, has in press, Reports at Nisi Prius in the Courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas, by John Campbell, Esq. with Notes, &c. by a Chancellor at Law of New-York.

E. Sargent,New-York,has in the press, and will shortly publish, a new Novel, entitled the Wild Irish Boy, by the author of Fatal Revenge.

Now publishing in New-York, price to subscribers, two dollars, bound. The Great Line of History, from the earliest times to the present day, with a general view of the present state of the world; with respect to civilization, religion and government, and a brief dissertation on the importance of historical knowledge. By Samuel Whelpley, A. M. principal of the Morris Academy, N. J. This work will be published on good paper and a fair type, in octavo form.

Printing in Walpole. (N. H.) by William Fessenden and G. W. Nichols, A Se. rious Address on the dangerous consequences of neglecting common coughs and colds, with directions for the prevention and cure of consumptions; to which are added, observations on the hooping cough By Thomas Hayes.

In the press of Manning and Loring of this town, Booth's Apology for the Baptists.

WORKS ANNOUNCED.

Bradford & Inskeep, Philadelphia, intend publishing an American edition of a work now publishing in London, edited by Wm. Nicholson, auther and proprietor of the Philosophical Journal and various other chymical, philosophical, and mathematical works, entitled, the British Encyclopedia, or Dietionary of Arts and Sciences, comprising an accurate view of the present improved state of human knowledge. It is to be ap propriated exclusively to the arts and sciences, and will be comprised in two large octavo volumes, embellished with two hundred elegant engravings.

An Abridgement or digest of the deeision-in all the important cases which have been brought before the courts of the United Statesi and those of the seve ral states, is preparing for the press by a gentleman of the bar of Philadelphia; and in a state of great forwardness. To this abstact of the decisions in all the important cases which have been reported in this country, it is in contemplation to add an appendix, which will contain a variety of matter particularly interesting to the legislater as well as to every mem ber of the American bar

Campbell and Mitchell, New York, will shortly publish, Manoeuvres of Horse Artillery, by General Koskiusco: Written at Paris in the year 1800, at the request of General William R. Davie, then Envoy from the United States to France. Translated with notes and des scriptive plates, by Jonathan Williams, Col. Comdt. of the Corps of Engineers, and president of the U. S. Military Philosophical Society.

histories in the Old and New Testaments. by Thomas Robinson, M. A. Vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in England. This edition is to be printed from the 6th edition just completed in Lauden,

My dear W***,

I AM about to write you a letter with relation to the theory of Hartley and the doctrine of necessity. I thought, you may recollect, when we were conversing upon the subject during your last visit at

that this theory was not irrefraga ble, and the arguments for this doctrine, founded upon it, not unanswerable, as they have sometimes been represented; but I do not know, that I shall be able in any degree to justify this opinion in a letter. It is in the third section of the third chapter of the first part of his work, which section treats "of the Affections in general," that Hartley draws his conclusion of the mechanism of the will. It is this section, that I intend particularly to examine. I will premise, however, a short account of his general theory.

Hartley's system of vibrations leads to materialism. He, however, does not deny the existence of a, soul; but considers it as something Vol. V. No. X.

3Q

Andreas Norton, merely sentient and percipient, which is affected by, and takes cognizance of the motions of the brain. Those of his school, however, are, I suppose, commonly materialists, and Cooper, the person, who gives the account of Dr. Priestley's metaphysical writing, annexed to his life, accuses Hartley of not perceiving in this respect the force of his own reasoning. As it will be simpler, I will give an account of his theory according to the doctrine of materi alism, which I see the person just mentioned has partially done without any such previous notice. The only difference is, that what the materialists consider as the thing itself (an idea for instance,) Hartley considers as its proximate cause.

The following then is the theory of Hartley, thus modified.

When an object is presented to either of the senses, it produces a vibration in the very minute particles of the medullary substance of the nerves of that sense. [Hari. Part I, prop. 4.