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Be our scientific conclusions and our philological studies what they may, it is well for every man to consider solemnly such truths as these; it is above all a duty for one who writes a book, and that book a book on words. And therefore, gentle reader, I will add this word only about myself,--that before writing I have read diligently, and what I have written I have striven to write honestly, loving the truth and aiming at truth only, endeavouring not to forget even in the midst of controversy that it is by a man's words that he is justified and by a man's words that he is condemned.'

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BOOKS CONSULTED.

IT

may be a convenience to students of this subject, if I add a list of those books which, among many others, I have expressly consulted in this work, and to which I have constantly referred. The extent to which I am indebted to the various authors will be indicated in the notes. I have never consciously omitted my fullest acknowledgments when I am indebted to others for any facts, thoughts, or expressions which I have adopted. There is no book in the following list which I have not myself read through, or frequently used; and I have omitted many to which more cursory reference was made.

GREEK.

PLATO, Cratylus. (Ed. BEKKER.)

ARISTOTLE, Rhetoric and Poetics.

All the most important fragments of the ancient poets, philosophers, and orators on this subject, and extracts from the most important grammarians, may be found collected in

L. LERSCH. Die Sprachphilosophie der Alten. Bonn, 1838-41.

A. GRÄFENHEIM, Geschichte der Klassischen Philologie im Alterthum. Bonn, 1846.

VARRO, De Linguâ Latinâ.

LATIN.

QUINCTILIAN, Institutiones Oratoriæ. (Ed. BURMANN.)

P. RUTILIUS LUPUS, De Figuris. (Ed. RUHNKEN.)

SANCTIUS, Minerva.

Vossius, De Arte Grammaticâ.

LOBECK, Aglaophamus.

BOCHART, Hierozoicon.

GLASSIUS, Philologia Sacra.

MICHAELER, De Origine Linguæ.
PREMARE, Notitia Linguæ Sinica,

GERMAN.

GRIMM, Ueber den Ursprung der Sprache.

POTT, Etymologische Forschungen. Lemgo, 1833.
Die Ungleichheit menschlicher Rassen. Id. 1856.
Anti-Kaulen. Id. 1863.

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STEINTHAL, Der Ursprung der Sprache. Berlin, 1858.

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Grammatik, Logik, und Psychologie. Id. 1855.
Charakteristik der hauptsächlichsten Sprachbaues. Id. 1860.
Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft. Id. 1863.

Philologie, Geschichte und Psychologie. Id. 1864.

AUG. SCHLEICHER, Vergleichende Grammatik. Weimar, 1861.
Die Darwinsche Theorie und die Sprachwissenschaft.

1863.

HEYSE, System der Sprachwissenschaft. Berlin, 1856.
BOPP. Comparative Grammar. (Engl. Tr.)

M. DRECHSLER, Grundlegung zur wissenschaftlichen Konstruction, &c. Erlangen, 1830.

F. HITZIG, Die Erfindung des Alphabetes. Zürich, 1840.

HERDER, Der Ursprung der Sprache.

C. HERMANN, Das Problem der Sprache.

Dresden, 1865.
Leipzig, 1865.

C. VOIGTMAN, Die Bau-wau Theorie, &c.
F. WÜLLNER, Ueber den Ursprung der Sprache. Münster, 1838.
L. WIENBARG, Das Geheimniss des Wortes. Hamburg, 1852.
DIEZ, Gramm. d. roman. Sprachen. (Engl. Tr., CAYLEY, 1863.)
Etymologisches Wörterbuch. (Engl. Tr., DONKIN, 1865.)

FRENCH.

E. ARNOULD, Essai de Théorie et d'Hist. Littéraire.

PICTET, Les Origines Indo-européennes. Paris, 1859.

EGGER, Notions Élémentaires de Grammaire Comparée. 5me éd. Paris,

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1857.

Apollonius Dyscole, Ess. sur l'Hist. des Formes Grammaticales.
Paris, 1854.

MAURY, La Terre et l'Homme.

RENAN, Hist. des Langues Sémitiques. Paris, 1858.

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De l'Origine du Langage. 2me éd. Paris, 1858.

F. MICHEL, Études sur l'Argot.

Paris, 1856.

CHARMA, Essai sur le Langage. Paris, 1846.

C. NODIER, Notions de Linguistique.

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Dictionnaire des Onomatopées. Paris, 1828.

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VARINOT, Dict. des Métaphores. Paris, 1819.

SCHELER, Dict. d'Etymologie Française. Brussels, 1862.
NISARD, Curiosités d'Etymologie Française. Paris, 1863.

C. LENORMAN, Comment. sur le Cratyle. Athens, 1861.

SALVERTE, Hist. of Names. (Engl. Tr., MORDACQUE, London, 1864.) ÉTIENNE DU PONCEAU, Mém. sur le Système Grammatical des Langues Indiennes. Paris, 1838.

L. BENLOEW, Sur quelques Caractères des Langages Primitifs. Paris, 1863.

L. BENLOEW, Sur l' Origine des Noms de Nombre. Giessen, 1861.
CHAVÉE, Les Langues et les Races. Paris, 1862.

LADEVI ROCHE, De l'Origine du Langage. Bordeaux, 1860.

F. BAUDRY, De la Science du Langage et de son État Actuel. Paris,

1864.

P. MERVOYER, Études sur l'Association des Idées. Paris, 1864. MAINE DE BIRAN, Origine du Langage: Œuvres Inédites, iii. 229 sq. Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie. Paris.

VENTURE DE PARADIS, Gram. et Dict. abrégé de la Langue Berbère. Paris, 1844.

LÉON PAGES, Essai de Gram. Japonaise.

ENGLISH.

BUNSEN, Philosophy of Universal History. London, 1854.
MAX MÜLLER, Survey of Languages. 2nd ed. London, 1855.
Lectures on the Science of Language. (First Series.)
London, 1861.

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Lectures on the Science of Language. (Second Series.)
London, 1864.

GARNETT, Philological Essays, edited by his Son. London, 1859.
Dr. DONALDSON, The New Cratylus. 2nd ed. London, 1850.
Varronianus. 2nd ed. London, 1852.
Maskil le Sopher. London, 1848.
HENSLEIGH WEDGWOOD, Etymological Dictionary, i. ii. London, 1859.
Transactions of the Philological Society. London, 1844-1861.
LATHAM, The English Language. 4th ed.

Varieties of Man.

London, 1855.

DWIGHT, Modern Philology. First Series. New York, 1859.

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BOYES, Illustrations to the Greek Tragedians.

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HORNE TOOKE, Diversions of Purley. (Ed. TAYLOR.) London, 1860. HARRIS, Hermes.

CROMBIE, English Etymology and Syntax. Sth ed. 1856.

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IS. TAYLOR, Words and Places. London, 1864.

T. HEWITT KEY, The Alphabet.

Quæritur: A Pamphlet. London, 1864. MARSH, Manual of the English Language. (Ed. SMITH.) London, 1862. Sir G. C. LEWIS, Essay on the Romance Languages. 2nd ed. London,

1862.

EWALD, Hebrew Grammar. (Engl. Tr., NICHOLSON, 1836.)
CRAWFURD, Malay Dictionary and Grammar.

APPLEYARD, Kafir Grammar.

MARSHMAN, Chinese Grammar.

CALDWELL, Grammar of the Dravidian Languages.

THRELKELD, Australian Grammar. Sydney, 1834.

C. M. S., New Zealand Grammar and Vocabulary. London, 1820.
J. S. MILL, System of Logic. London, 1851.

G. H. LEWES, Biographical History of Philosophy. 2nd edition.
London, 1862.

HERBERT SPENCER, First Principles. London, 1862.

CHALYBÄUS, History of Speculative Philosophy. (Translated by A.

TULK.) London, 1854.

FERRIER, Institutes of Metaphysics. Edinburgh, 1854.
FLEMING, Vocabulary of Philosophy. London, 1857.

ITALIAN.

BIONDELLI, Studii Linguistici. Milan, 1856,

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