the breakwater. Rounding the end of the stonework it pointed its prow straight at us and fairly flew. With a sigh of relief, and with interest, too, as constituting their first contact with Japan, the crowd on deck watched its arrival. How immaculate it was the black roof and sides of its small cabin shone like polished lacquer! And how snappily the brown little white-clothed sailors stood to their stations and handled their craft! As a burly Briton near me put it: "When it comes to quarantine outfits, these Japanese surely do themselves well!"

A young official, also in white, with gold braid on his shoulders and around his cap, danced up the companion and saluting our officer politely, spoke to him in loud and excellent English:

"Are the Reverend and Mrs. Cyrus Scott of Kyūshū here?"

Little Mr. and Mrs. Scott stepped shyly forward.

And then a strange thing happened. The young fellow produced a large, important-looking envelope from his belt, and, offering it to the old couple, bowed from the waist, respectfully low. And when he spoke, with bared head, it was no longer as an official but rather as a child addressing revered parents:

"Sensei, His Excellency the Governor, learning of your probable return by this steamer, has sent me to bid you a hearty welcome, and to place his launch at your service. His only regret is that urgent business prevents his coming to care for you himself."

It was revealing of Mrs. Scott, I thought afterward, that in that splendid moment she imaged not scenes, however dramatic, but persons.

"Oh, Cyrus," she exclaimed, raising clasped hands, "it's Saburo San! He's governor now!"

Also bowing from the waist, her husband thanked the young official in quiet, but I have no doubt adequate, Japanese. As for the rest of us-their hitherto supercilious fellow passengers-you could have bowled us all over with a word. With a dénouement like a Sunday-school book come true in real life, where, oh, where was the joke now? What mattered clothes? How fruitless snobbery! Many a woman there would gladly have

plunged into the sea, if afterward she could have said she had been rescued by an Imperial launch; many a man would have swum ashore had he thought by so doing to reach the Grand Hotel buffet sooner. And here were poor, old, unappreciative Mr. and Mrs. Scott invited guests-surely to the undeserving came all good things. Verily, damn the missionaries! But perhaps these thoughts came later. For the present, while the old couple were below superintending the removal of their luggage, we were too dazed to think. A deathly silence seemed to have descended upon us. Only Todd gave vent to a long-drawn-out, melancholy whistle, and then he, too, was still.

Hendricks, a little apart from the others, leaned on the rail chuckling to himself.

"Now tell me," I said. "Who are they?"

"I told you: the salt of the earth."
"But this reception!"

"Oh, that? That's nothing. I'm surprised they didn't turn out the troops! Half the people on the pier are waiting for them. And they will turn out the schools to welcome them when they cross the boundary of their own province ! They are the Scotts, man, the Scotts, of Kyūshū.”

Seeing my continued look of puzzlement, he kindly went into details.

"No; they're not ordinary missionaries. Forty years ago they went into a village in the centre of the southern island-a real wilderness then. They built a church there first, and in time a hospital, and still later a school. But these things were only incidental-after all, only externals; others have built churches, hospitals, and schools. Their special gift was a supreme genius for friendship. Their hearts knew no guile, something, by the way, simple folk everywhere are quick to recognize. Every one they touched they touched personally. They knew no such word as 'converts'only friends, and in time, as the seed sprouted, brethren in Christ. Somehow, in some fashion, something of their own lofty soul entered into those they reached; and now in high places and low their influence is living in many parts of this empire. The governor of Kanagawa Pre

fecture is not merely their old pupil, but also their present and very loving boy." Hendricks lowered his voice.

"The secret of their success lies in their absolute devotion to their people and their work. No sacrifice has been too great for them, no obstacle too difficult. They look poor and they are poor; besides daily essentials they give away everything -themselves and their possessions included. If the board would only let them, they would be travelling third class.

"You have noticed, perhaps, the fact that Mrs. Scott is not well. She is dying of cancer. My father told me this. She underwent an operation for cancer of the breast last year at Rochester. The doctors have told her that her time is limited -more so if she returns to Japan. They give her three or four years at the most. Her daughter Mary begged her to stay at home; but she felt that her place was with her husband, and that the place of both of them was, like that of good soldiers, facing the enemy on the field of battle. She well knows that this ship is her final direct contact with America. But come, here they are now; let's watch them leave."

He took my arm and led me through the crowd to a spot near the head of the companion.

And now we were treated to a fresh surprise revealing the quality of the Scotts. Out of the doorway came a tiny stretcher on which Clara lay hidden from our gaze under white sheets. Immediately behind followed her mother, heavily veiled, leaning on Mrs. Scott's frail arm. Mr. Scott, laden with impedimenta belonging to both ladies, closed the little procession.

It was the decent-the Christianthing to do, of course, to offer of their bounty to those who needed it most. But many, remembering the vulgar rebuff suffered as late as fifteen minutes before,

would not have recognized the obligation. Others, intoxicated with their own sudden grandeur, would have forgotten to share it at all. And now this is my point-nearly any one else would have shared it condescendingly. Not so the Scotts. As the gentle-eyed elder woman led the weeping younger one to the companionway, they looked for all the world like mother and daughter; or if one saw but the clothes, like servant and mistress -only that no modern servant would have been willing to dress so poorly.

"Good-by, Aunt Mary," said Hendricks softly.

"Good-by, Frank," she smiled, and at the head of the ladder shook hands with our officer, who for some reason swallowed hard and then blushed furiously.

So the white stretcher, borne by two sturdy sailors, descended the companionway and disappeared within the cabin of the shiny launch; the little old sensei and his wife, who in the hour of their triumph remembered that like their own great Teacher they had come not to be ministered unto but to minister, followed; while the rest of us, still awed into silence, lined the rail above and stared down on one of the simplest and at the same time strangest scenes it was probable any of us would ever behold.

And as, like a burnished arrow released from its bow, the launch shot toward purple Fuji and then slowly careened in to the Yokohama shore, the humor of the situation burst over me in a flood, and I laughed and laughed until I think even Hendricks was a bit ashamed of me. I pounded the rail with my fist-until the crowd which had been stupidly watching the lessening speck of the launch turned to find out what was the matter. And still I laughed. For they were funny, these missionaries; at least the Scott kind were: as funny as a bracing wind at sea, as funny as the sun at dawn!

"For out of the olde feldes, as men saythe, Cometh al this newe corne fro yere to yere, And out of olde bokes, in good faythe, Cometh al this newe science that men lere." -CHAUCER, Parlement of Foules.

OOK collectors share a common passion but attain different ends. All are spurred by the desire to capture prizes, but few have learned how to use them for the public benefit. Even the most philanthropic, knowing that unique books or fragile il luminated manuscripts would soon be ruined by such handling as the inexpensive volumes of public libraries receive, often feel compelled to hoard their treasures. The very generous, such as Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, have opened their collections to competent students and provided for their permanent maintenance. But the most liberal disposition known. to me of a great library is that of Mr. Henry E. Huntington, who in 1919 transferred his collections to a board of trustees for the public benefit, and has now made provision for a large staff of the ablest scholars to study their contents and publish the results in a series of technical and popular articles and books. By this means, and by opening the Library to competent students, he has assured the widest distribution of facsimiles, translations, commentaries, and the cumulative results of organized research.

For information regarding the contents of the Huntington Library I am chiefly indebted to Doctor George Watson Cole, former Librarian, Mr. Leslie E. Bliss, Librarian, Cap

tain R. B. Haselden, Keeper of the Manuscripts, and Mrs. Milbank Johnson, who is making a study of the Larpent

collection.

Mr. Huntington has been fortunate in his opportunities, for never before in modern times have so many valuable libraries come upon the market. One by one, or sometimes in large lots, he has acquired such masterpieces as the Ellesmere Chaucer, a vellum Gutenberg Bible, Reynolds's "Tragic Muse" and Gainsborough's "Blue Boy," the manuscript of Franklin's autobiography, the original signed documents of the Pizarros and the royal decrees relating to the conquest of Peru; the archives of the house of Stowe, comprising a great collection of manuscripts coming down from the twelfth century; the papers of the Earls of Huntingdon, containing royal charters, great seals, hundreds of royal letters and other historical correspondence from 1105 to 1745; and a collection of the first and intermediate editions of Shakespeare equalling that of the British Museum itself.

USE OF THE HUNTINGTON LIBRARY

In a trust indenture dated August 30, 1919, Mr. Huntington expressed his desire, "in his lifetime, to promote and advance learning, the arts and sciences, and to promote the public welfare by founding, endowing, and having maintained a library, art gallery, museum, and park." He accordingly transferred to a board of five trustees the library building he had previously erected on his large estate at San Marino, California (adjoining Pasadena), with all its contents. In subsequent gifts he also transferred to his trustees his residence near the library, with all its pictures, statuary, tapestries, and other works of art; his estate of over 200

acres, to be permanently maintained for the purposes of the Library and Art Gallery; and a large adjoining tract of land, to be ultimately sold for residence purposes, and the proceeds added to the bonds and other securities also provided as a nucleus of a permanent endowment fund. In the trust indenture Mr. Huntington elected to perform during his life the duties of the trustees and stipulated that the residence, which contains his art collection, be retained for the use of himself and Mrs. Huntington until their deaths. Similar powers were reserved to Mrs. Huntington in case she should survive him.

Since that time the deaths of Mrs. Huntington and of two members of the original board of trustees, Messrs. Howard E. Huntington and William E. Dunn, have materially altered the conditions existing in 1919.* Mr. Huntington has made large additions to his collections, and in 1926 he executed a supplemental trust indenture, enlarging the powers of the trustees and defining the institution

as:

*

"A free public research library, art gallery, museum, and botanical garden, which library shall be for reference and research only. . . .

"Its object shall be the advancement of learning, the arts and sciences, and to promote the public welfare; . . . to render the books, manuscripts, and other contents available, under suitable regulations and restrictions, . . to scholars and other persons engaged in research or creative work in history, literature, art, science, and kindred subjects, . . . to prosecute and encourage study and research in original sources of history, literature, art, science, and kindred subjects, etc.

A GENERAL PLAN OF RESEARCH

..

Mr. Huntington and his trustees, in seeking to make the best possible use of the Library and Art Gallery, have endeavored to take all of the significant facts into consideration. They recognize that the acquirement of unique or extremely rare books, manuscripts, and works of art carries with it a heavy re

The present trustees are George S. Patton, Henry M.

Robinson, Archer M. Huntington, Robert A. Millikan, and the writer.

sponsibility. Many of these, it is true, have remained hidden for centuries in the private archives of old families in Europe and America, or stored in English country houses where scholars have had little or no access to them. But now that these documents have come to light, the obligation of providing for their ready accessibility and effective service is obvious. They are too expensive and easily injured for the daily wear and tear of an ordinary public library, and it is clear that their use must be restricted to competent scholars. But in every possible way their contents should be made useful to a much wider public than has ever profited by their existence in the past. How can this be done?

An obvious suggestion is offered by the organization of laboratories and observatories dealing with various branches of science. These are designed for research purposes and equipped with the best of instruments, which are intrusted to a staff of competent investigators for the study of various problems. To supplement the efforts of the permanent staff, and to keep in constant touch with developments in various parts of the world, Research Associates and Fellows are appointed, who come for stated periods from other institutions. The Research Associates are chosen from the most eminent and productive leaders in their fields, while the Fellows are generally younger men, who have shown exceptional ability in research at universities in this country and abroad.

The provision of a similar research organization by the Huntington Library and Art Gallery will assure competent and continuous use of the collections, instead of depending solely upon the chance visits of scholars. It will also make them of the greatest service to distant scholars and to the public by a wide dissemination. of their contents and of the results of research, both in the form of technical books and articles and in more popular treatment for the general reader. It is hoped, of course, that visiting scholars will come in increasing numbers as the research value of the collections and the facilities. offered for their use become more widely known. Such visitors will naturally be encouraged to undertake any special in

vestigations for which the contents of the Library are adapted. As for the permanent staff, this will be selected in accordance with the needs of a large general scheme of research.

It may be asked what broad research problem can be conceived for the Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Mr. Huntington's policy in building up his collections provides an excellent answer to this question. From the beginning he has specialized in the work of British and American authors, and as his purchases have been very extensive, he is rapidly acquiring the material needed for a comprehensive in

vestigation of the history of civilization in Great Britain and America, especially in its intellectual aspects, but with due regard to its other phases. Thus the general subject of research

possesses much material in its numerous incunabula and other early books and manuscripts from various European

chosen last year by Mr. Huntington and his trustees is the rise and evolution of Anglo-American thought and its application in the organization and development of the British Commonwealth and the United States. As our civilization is naturally an international product, the origin of ideas will not be neglected, and for this purpose the Library already VOL. LXXXII.-3

see other requirements prehensive scheme.

sources. For example, Italian and French writers from whom Chaucer, Shakespeare, and other English authors often derived the framework of their tales and plays are well represented.

Like the research plan of a laboratory or observatory, the policy of the Huntington Library must be very broad and flexible. It must provide favorable opportunities for investigators of widely different needs; assure the growth of the collections in harmony with the requirements of the general plan; render possible visits for research to various American and European libraries, museums, and other sources of original materials; assure suitable means of publi

cation; and foreinherent in a com

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA

The general plan just outlined was prepared in 1925 by the trustees at the request of Mr. Huntington and formally approved by him in October of that year.