Nos efforts tendront à déterminer la nature juridique des règlements, les conditions de leur légalité, les sanctions qui les accompagnent, les guaranties et voies de recours qui prémunissent les citoyens contre les abus qui peuvent survenir, enfin les règles d'abrogation. -RAIGA, Le pouvoir réglementaire du Président de la République. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Under the Direction of the Departments of History, Political Economy, and THE AGRARIAN MOVEMENT IN NORTH DAKOTA BY PAUL R. FOSSUM, PH. D. Instructor in Economics and Social Science, Wesleyan University BALTIMORE PREFACE This monograph is the result of an investigation carried on while the writer was a member of the Economic Seminary of the Johns Hopkins University. It originated from an interest generated by direct and active contact with the Agrarian Movement as it has evidenced itself in the economic and political life of the people of the Northwest. The chief sources of information have been, of necessity, documentary. They have comprised mainly Federal and State documents and bulletins, partisan and non-partisan periodicals, and daily and weekly newspapers published in, or for the territory under consideration. This has been supplemented by an intimate knowledge of conditions among the agrarian classes, gained by travelling over the entire spring wheat district during the years 1912 to 1922, and thus coming into direct contact with the farmers. The writer takes very great pleasure in acknowledging his indebtedness to all his professors, and especially to Professor J. H. Hollander, and Professor G. E. Barnett, who have guided the main lines of the investigation, and who have supplied many helpful criticisms and suggestions. The writer also wishes to express his gratitude to Thomas Cooper, Dean of the College of Agriculture of the University of Kentucky; to W. C. MacFadden, Secretary of the North Dakota Bankers' Association; to Cecil W. Shirk, of the Minneapolis Civic and Commerce Association; and to D. D. Tenney, of the Tenney Grain Co., both for their valuable assistance, and for reading parts of this manuscript. In addition, he wishes to thank the Honorable Thomas Hall, North Dakota Secretary of State; the Honorable Oliver B. Burtness, Congressman from the first North Dakota Congressional District; the Honorable E. W. Feidler, Chairman of the Wisconsin Grain and Warehouse Commission; Mr. John B. Colley, Editor of the Grand |