WHITNEY, ADELAIDE DUTTON Train (1824- ) American poet and novelist. III. 309. WIELAND, CHRISTOPHER MARTIN (1733-1813) German poet and prose-writer. VIII. 46. WILCOX, ELLa Wheeler (1845- ) American poet. WILKINS, MARY ELEANOR (1858) American novelist. A New England Nun. Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life. Noctes Ambrosianæ WINCKELMANN, JOHANN JOACHIM (1617-68) German critic. VIII. II. WISTER, ANNis Lee [FurneSS] (1830- ) American translator from German. Burial of Sir John Moore. WOLFRAM VON ESCHENBACH (A. 1250) German epic poet. Parzival; Titurel. 1. 299. Wood, GEORGE (1799-1870) American writer. WOODWORTH, SAMUEL (1785-1843) American journalist, poet. The Old Oaken Bucket. WOOLMAN, JOHN (1720–72) American Quaker. Journal. WOOLSON, CONSTANCE FENIMORE (1848-94) American novelist and poet. WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM (1770-1850) English poet. Lyrical Ballads; The Excursion⚫ WYATT, SIR Thomas (1503–42) English lyric poet. IV. 301. WYCHERLEY, William (1640–1715) English dramatist. VI. 325. XENOPHON (c. 430 B.C.-c. 355) Greek historian. Hellenics; Anabasis; Cyropædia. IV. 48 XENOPHON OF EPHESUS (2nd century). Greek romancist. YATES, Edmund Hodgson (1831-94) English journalist, novelist. YONGE, Charlotte Mary (1823- ) English novelist, miscellanist. Heir of Redclyffe, ZACHARIA, JUST Friedrich WILHELM (1726-77) German satirical poet. ZENO (350-260 B.C.) Greek stoic philosopher. V. 73. ZENO, APOSTOLO (1668-1750) Italian dramatist, historian, "The Father of Italian Opera," On Solitude. L'Assommoir ZOLA, EMILE (1840- ) French novelist. The Fortunes of the Rougons; CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF ALL NATIONS. EGYPTIAN LITERATURE. Year. B.C. 4266 The Book of the Dead, oldest Chapter 130 2400 Adventures of Sanehat. 3580 Precepts of Ptah-Hotep (Prisse Papyrus, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris) (British Museum) 1. 39 I. 51 1326 Pentaur, royal poet of Rameses II. A.D. 1822 J. F. Champollion deciphered the hieroglyphic alphabet 1300 Tale of the Two Brothers (D'Orbiney Papyrus. British Museum) 195 Rosetta Stone erected in reign of Ptolemy V. I. 55 ASSYRIAN LITERATURE. B.C. 3800 King Sargon I., who reigned in Akkad, founded a library 2500? Adventures of Izdubar (Nimrod ?)' 650 Assurbanipal (Sardanapalus) founds the library in Nineveh. I. 69 CHINESE LITERATURE. The FIVE CLASSICS B.C. 3320 Emperor Fu-hsi invented table of trigrams 1140 Yi-King,' the Classic of Changes. 'Li-Ki,' the Book of Ceremonies 720Shu-King,' the Classic of History, gives records from 2450 B.C. to 721 'Shi-King,' the Classic of National Songs 550 CONFUCIUS (Kung-fu-tse), philosopher. 520 'Chun-Tsu,'" Annals of Lu," by Confucius 500 Lao Tze (565-500) founder of Taoism. 300 MENCIUS (Meng Tzu), chief philosopher after Confucius INDIAN (SANSKRIT) LITERATURE. B.C. 1500? The VEDA. Hymns to Varuna, Indra, Agni, and other gods 1000? The Brahmanas.' Commentary on the Veda. ་ 800? The Puranas.' Traditional explanation of the Veda 'Ramayana.' Epic by Valmiki 400? Mahabharata. Epic by Vyasa. A.D. 500? The Toy-Cart.' Earliest Hindu drama. By King Sudraka 550 'Sakuntala,' Pastoral drama by Kalidasa 'The Cloud-Messenger.' Descriptive poem, by Kalidasa . 1200 Gita-govinda' Lyrical drama by Jayadeva 1500 'The Laws of Manu (Menu). Modernized version of the Brahman Code V. 9 V. II V. II V. 18 V. 27 B.C. 600 Siddhartha Gautama, the BUDDHA, prophet. A. D. 200 Hitopadesa. Book of Good Counsel (Sanskrit) B.C. PERSIAN LITERATURE. 550 The AVESTA, ZARATHUSTRA (ZOROASTER) compiled the Gathas (hymns). A.D. 250 Sassanian Kings edited fragments of the Avesta 655 The Moslem religion established in Persia 900 Rudagi, father of modern Persian poetry 950 Asadi (Essedi), lyric poet.. 1000 FIRDAUSI, epic poet. · Shahnameh' (Book of Kings) 'Laili and Majnun 'Mesnavi' 1250 Jelaleddin Rumi, Sufic poet. 1275 Sadi, poet. Gulistan (Rose Garden); 'Bustan' (Fruit Garden) 1350 HAFIZ of Shiraz, lyric poet, Persian Anacreon (The dates are according to Archbishop Usher's chronology. Recent critics consider the historical books of the Old Testament to date from about 800 B.C., and the Psalms from 621 down to 100 B.C.) B.C. 1490 MOSES. The Ten Commandments. Song of Moses A.D. 600 "The Mo'allakat," seven select poems of the Arabian Pleiades 622 The Hejra, or Flight of Mohammed; the Mohammedan era I. 185 660 Maísuna's Song-the Arabic Home, Sweet Home' I. 189 II. 165 750 Kalilah and Dimnah; Arabic version of Bidpai's Indian fables V. 31 II. 155 II. 166 VII. 127 VII. 127 VII. 128 940 Persian stories translated into Arabic. 1450 Common version of "The Thousand and One Nights' 1708 "Arabian Nights," translated into French by Galland GREEK LITERATURE. B.C. 900 HOMER, epic poet. 'Iliad;' 'Odyssey' The Pseudo-Homeric Hymns 800 HESIOD, didactic poet. 'Works and Days' 680 Tyrtæus, composer of war-songs. 660 Simonides of Amorgos, satirist of women 600 Mimnermus, Ionic elegiac poet 350 Isocrates, Athenian orator 370 XENOPHON, general, historian. 380 PLATO, philosopher, founder of the Academy 410 THUCYDIDES, general. Peloponnesian War' Year. B.C. 600 SAPPHO and Alcæus, Æolic lyric poets of Lesbos . 580 The Seven Wise Men 570 Æsop the fabulist. The extant fables are later 530 PYTHAGORAS taught at Crotona in Italy 505 Parmenides of Elea, philosophic poet 500 Simonides of Ceos, lyric poet 500 Anacreon of Teos, poet of love and wine 410 ARISTOPHANES, writer of comedies (public life), II extant V. 43 V. 74 IV. 48 VI. II V. 97 345 ARISTOTLE the Stagirite, founder of the Peripatetics VI. 16 300 The Alexandrian Library founded by Ptolemy Soter 330 DEMOSTHENES, greatest Athenian orator. 'On the Crown' VI. 23 V. 57 VI. 33 VI. 34 VII. 9 300 Menander and Philemon, writers of New Comedy (private life) 280 THEOCRITUS, Sicilian pastoral poet 275 The Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Scriptures 250 Herondas, writer of mimes recently discovered. 250 Bion and Moschus, Sicilian pastoral poets 250 Cleanthes, Stoic philosopher and poet 240 Babrius, versifier of Æsop's Fables. 240 Callimachus, Alexandrian librarian, poet 235 Apollonius the Rhodian, epic poet, Argonautica 150 Polybius, historian. 'Universal History' 50 Meleager compiled the Garland' or first 'Anthology' A.D. 50-100 THE NEW TESTAMENT. 80 Epictetus, Stoic philosopher 90 Flavius Josephus, Jewish historian 100 PLUTARCH,Parallel Lives of Greeks and Romans 120? The Sayings of Jesus,' discovered in Egypt in 1897 150? The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles' 161 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Emperor and Stoic philosopher 180 LUCIAN of Samosata, satirist 180 Clement of Alexandria wrote earliest Christian hymns. V. 62 VI. 42 VI. 60 V. 69 VII. 48 VI. 51 VII. Io VII. 36 VII. 13 VII. 54 VII. 25 VII. 43 VII. 22 VII. 23 VII. 56 VII. 48 VII. 82 VII. 66 350 Heliodorus, afterwards bishop, wrote 'Ethiopica' VII. 92 VII. 8. VII. 75 364 Libanius, rhetorician. 'Eulogy of Julian' VII. 87 400 John Chrysostom, Church Father, orator 380 Gregory Nazianzen, Church Father, theologian VII. 90 VII. 66 450 Longus, romancer. Daphnis and Chloe' 400? Achilles Tatius, romancer. 'Leucippe and Clitophen VII. 71 LATIN LITERATURE. B.C. 190 Quintus Ennius, Father of Latin poetry. 'Annals' 165 TERENCE translated Menander's Comedies. 70 LUCRETIUS, philosophic poet. 'De Rerum Natura' 50 C. JULIUS CAESAR, general and dictator. Gallic War' II. 115 II. 117 II. 145 III. 94 III. 99 III. 112 IV. 101 IV- 95 Year. B.C. 30 VIRGIL, epic poet. 'Eclogues'; Georgics'; ' Æneid' 30 HORACE, lyric poet. Odes, Satires, Epistles. 30 Tibullus and Propertius, amatory poets 25 OVID, poet. 'Heroides'; 'Art of Love'; 'Metamorphoses' 10 Phædrus translated Æsop's fables 4.D. 50 Lucan, epic poet. 50 Petronius Arbiter, courtier of Nero. 'Satiricon' 'Pharsalia' on war of Cæsar and Pompey V. 155 V. 138 V. 134 V. 164 60 SENECA, philosopher, dramatist 60 Persius, satirist 70 Pliny the Elder, encyclopædist. Natural History' 80 JUVENAL, satirist 90 Martial, satirist and epigrammatist. 100 Pliny the Younger, lawyer and letter-writer 110 Quintilian, rhetorician. 'Oratory'. 125 Suetonius, biographer. 'Twelve Cæsars' VI. 81 B.C. A.D. 'The Golden Ass 140 Aulus Gellius, compiler. 'Attic Nights' 380 St. Jerome, monk, translated the Bible into Latin (Vulgate) VII. 121 VII. 108 VII. 119 410 St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo. Confessions' VII. 121 CELTIC LITERATURE. 50 Amergin, bard of the Milesians. 450 St. Patrick's Breastplate, earliest Christian ode. 1250 Willem the Minstrel sang 'Reynard the Fox' in Flemish 1540 Anna Byns, the 'Sappho of Brabant' 1520 DESIDERIUS ERASMUS, humanist, wrote in Latin 1610 Gerbrand A. Brederode, comic dramatist 1640 Jacob Cats, fabulist and allegorist 1630 Peter C. Hooft, poet, introduced tragedy 1625 HUGO GROTIUS, jurist. Latin De Jure Belli ac Pacis 1650 JOOST VAN DEN Vondel, dramatic poet, wrote 'Lucifer's Tragedy' VI. 278 1190 Chrestien de Troyes, poet FRENCH LITERATURE. 842 The Strasburg Oaths. Earliest written French. 1100-1250 PROVENCAL LITERATURE. The Troubadours. 1155 Master Wace. I. 199 I. 337 'Roman de Brut'; 'Roman de Rou' I. 205 I. 281 I. 209 I. 212 I. 216 I. 231 1280 Romance of the Rose,' by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung II. 309 II. 312 |