and indorse, as demanded by the emergency and essential to the preservation of the nation and as within the provisions of the Constitution, the measures and acts which he has adopted to defend the nation against its open and secret foes; that we approve especially the Proclamation of Emancipation, and the employment as Union soldiers of men heretofore held in slavery; and that we have full confidence in his determination to carry these and all other Constitutional measures essential to the salvation of the country into full and complete effect.

"6. That we deem it essential to the general welfare that harmony should prevail in the national councils, and we regard as worthy of public confidence and official trust those only who cordially indorse the principles proclaimed in these resolutions, and which should characterize the administration of the Government.

"7. That the Government owes to all men employed in its armies, without regard to distinction of color, the full protection of the laws of war; and that any violation of these laws, or of the usages of civilized nations in time of war by the rebels now in arms, should be made the subject of prompt and full redress.

"8. That foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to the wealth, development of resources, and increase of power to the nation-the asylum of the oppressed of all nations-should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy.

"9. That we are in favor of the speedy construction of the railroad to the Pacific coast.

"10. That the national faith, pledged for the redemption of the public debt, must be kept inviolate, and that for this purpose we recommend economy and rigid responsibility in the public expenditures, and a vigorous and just sytem of taxation; and that it is the duty of every loyal State to sustain the credit and promote the use of the national currency.

"11. That we approve the position taken by the Government, that the people of the United States can never regard with indifference the attempt of any European power to overthrow by force, or to supplant by fraud, the institutions of any republican government on the Western Continent; and that they will view with extreme jealousy, as menacing to the peace and independence of their own country, the efforts of any such power to obtain new footholds for monarchical governments, sustained by foreign military force, in near proximity to the United States."

DEMOCRATIC, AT CHICAGO, AUGUST.

"Resolved, That in the future, as in the past, we will adhere with unswerving fidelity to the Union under the Constitution as the only solid foundation of our strength, security, and happiness as a people, and as a framework of government equally conducive to the welfare and prosperity of all the States, both Northern and Southern.

Resolved, That this Convention does explicitly declare, as the sense of the American people, that after four years of failure to restore the Union by the experiment of war, during which, under the pretense of a military necessity or war-power higher than the Constitution, the Constitution itself has been disregarded in every part, and public liberty and private right alike trodden down, and the material prosperity of the country essentially impaired, justice, humanity, liberty, and the public welfare demand that immediate efforts be made for a cessation of hostilities, with a view to an ultimate convention of the States, or other peaceable means, to the end that at the earliest practicable moment peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal Union of the States.

"Resolved, That the direct interference of the military authorities of the United States in the recent elections held in Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware, was a shameful violation of the Constitution, and a repetition of

such acts in the approaching election will be held as revolutionary, and resisted with all the means and under our control.

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Resolved, That the aim and object of the Democratic party is to preserve the Federal Union and the rights of the States unimpaired, and they hereby declare that they consider that the Administrative usurpation of extraordinary and dangerous powers not granted by the Constitution; the subversion of the civil by military law in States not in insurrection; the arbitrary military arrest, imprisonment, trial, and sentence of American citizens in States where civil law exists in full force; the suppression of freedom of speech and of the press; the denial of the right of asylum; the open and avowed disregard of State Rights; the employment of unusual test-oaths; and the interference with and denial of the right of the people to bear arms in their defense, is calculated to prevent a restoration of the Union and the perpetuation of a Government deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed.

"Resolved, That the shameful disregard of the Administration to its duty in respect to our fellow-citizens who now are and long have been prisoners of war in a suffering condition deserves the severest reprobation on the score alike of public policy and common humanity.

"Resolved, That the sympathy of the Democratic party is heartily and earnestly extended to the soldiery of our army and sailors of our navy, who are and have been in the field and on the sea under the flag of our country, and, in the event of its attaining power, they will receive all the care, protection, and regard that the brave soldiers and sailors of the Republic so nobly earned."

Although the "Peace Democracy" fought with desperation, this contest was notably one-sided, the majority against McClellan being even beyond the

most sanguine calculations of his opponents, the popular vote standing: Lincoln and Johnson, 2,216,067; McClellan and Pendleton, 1,808,725, giving a majority on the Union ticket of 407,342 votes. Eleven States did not vote, or their votes were not counted, and among these were Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Of all the States voting only Delaware, Kentucky, and New Jersey gave majorities for McClellan.

The House of Representatives had passed the following joint resolution :

"WHEREAS, The inhabitants and local authorities of the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee, rebelled against the Government of the United States, and have continued in a State of armed rebellion for more than three years, and were in said state of armed rebellion on the 8th day of November, 1864; therefore,

"Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the States mentioned in the preamble to this joint resolution are not entitled to representation in the electoral college for the choice of President and Vice-President of the United States for the term of office commencing on the 4th day of March, 1865; and no electoral vote shall be received or counted from said States concerning the choice of President and Vice-President for said term of office."

Early in January, 1865, this matter came up in the Senate and a strong attempt was made to strike out Louisiana in the preamble, admitting her electoral vote. This led to a futile discussion of the status

of the rebellious States, their election laws, etc., and to the display of folly and lack of wisdom by incompetent and captious Senators. The proposition to admit into the electoral count Louisiana or any of the so-called seceded States was, however, very properly rejected, and the joint resolution, with slight needless amendments in phraseology, was passed by the Senate on the 4th of February. The House concurred in the amendment, and the President, in very strange and doubtful language, approved it, and at five minutes past one o'clock on Wednesday, February 8, 1865, the Senate entered the Hall of the House, and Congress in joint session, Vice-President Hamlin presiding, proceeded to open and count the electoral votes. After all that had happened another foolish effort was here made to count the votes of some of the States in rebellion. The Vice-President finally made the following announcement:

"The tellers report that the whole number of votes cast for President and Vice-President of the United States is 233; necessary to a choice, 117. For President of the United States, the tellers report that Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, has received 212 votes; George B. McClellan, of New Jersey, has received 21 votes. For Vice-President of the United States, the tellers announce that Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, has received 212 votes, and George H. Pendleton, of Ohio, has received 21 votes:

"Wherefore, I do declare that Abraham Lincoln, of the State of Illinois, having received a majority of the whole number of electoral votes, is duly elected President of the United States for four years commencing on the 4th day of March, 1865; and that Andrew Johnson, of the State of Tennessee, having received a majority of the whole