"Of all which that exile had possessed, there remained to him seven thousand five hundred francs (fifteen hundred dollars) of annual income. His plays, which had brought him in sixty thousand francs a year, were suppressed. The hasty sale at auction of his furniture had produced something less than thirteen thousand francs (twenty-six hundred dollars). He had nine persons to support.

"He was obliged to furnish means for removals, for journeys, for new installations, for the movements of a group of which he was the centre, for all the unforeseen of an existence henceforward uprooted from the earth and the sport of every wind; an exile is an uprooted tree. He was forced to preserve the dignity of life, and so to act that no one around him should suffer.

"Hence an immediate necessity for work.

Brittany.

A bouquet of flowers as large as the city of London-such is Jersey. All there is perfume, sunbeam, smile, which does not hinder the visits of the tempest. He who writes these pages has somewhere called Jersey an idyl in mid-ocean. In pagan times, Jersey was more Roman, and Guernsey more Celtic; at Jersey one perceives Jupiter, and at Guernsey, Teutates. At Guernsey, what was formerly Druidical is now Huguenot; it is no longer Moloch, but it is Calvin; the church services are cold, the landscape is prudish, and religion has the sulks. Taken altogether, both islands are charming; one is lovely and the other harsh.

"One day the Queen of England — nay, more than the Queen of England, the Duchess of Normandy, venerated and sacred six days out of seven, paid a visit, with salvos, smoke, uproar, and ceremony, to Guernsey. It was on a Sunday, that sole day of the week that was not her own. The queen, abruptly changed to 'that woman,' violated the repose of the "The French market was closed against Lord. She disembarked on the quay in the his publications.

"Let us state here that the first abode in exile, Marine Terrace, was rented at the very moderate price of fifteen hundred francs a year.

"His first Belgian publishers reprinted all his works without rendering him any account, ind, among others, the two volumes of the Euvres Oratoires.''Napoléon le Petit' was the sole exception. As to 'Les Châtiments,' hey cost their author twenty-five hundred rancs. This sum, confided to the publisher amuel, has never been repaid. The total Product of all the editions of 'Les Châtiments' as been for eighteen years confiscated by forign publishers.

"The English royalist newspapers loudly elebrated English hospitality-a hospitality dulterated, as may be remembered, with nocurnal assaults and expulsions, like Belgian Hospitality. Wherein English hospitality was Tomplete, was in its tenderness for the books

f the exiles. It reprinted those books, and Sublished and sold them with the most ccrial empressement for the benefit of the Engsh publishers. English law, which forms a art of Britannic hospitality, permits that yle of forgetfulness. The duty of a book is let the author die of hunger, as, in the case Chatterton, and to enrich the publisher. Les Châtiments' in particular have been sold, ad are still and always sold in England, solefor the profit of the bookseller Jeffs. The nglish stage was not less hospitable toward rench plays than were English book-shops ward French books. No author's right has ver been paid for 'Ruy Blas,' which has been layed in England over two hundred times.

"Thus it will be seen that it was not withit reason that the royalist Bonapartist press "London reproached the exiles with an abuse English hospitality.

?

แ That press has often called him who rites these lines a miser.

"It called him also an abandoned drinker. "These details form a part of what exile ally is. This exile complains of nothing. e has worked. He has reconstructed his life Er himself and for his. All is well."

midst of a silent crowd. Not a hat was lifted. One man only saluted her-the exile who now speaks! He saluted not the queen, but the woman! The pious island remained sullen. That Puritanism has its grandeur."

The following details respecting the spy system employed by the Empire toward the exiled patriots are curious:

"Expect all things, you who are in exile. You have been hurled afar, but not let go. The persecutor is curious, and his gaze multiplies itself upon you. A respectable Protestant clergyman seats himself beside your hearth; that Protestantism draws a salary from the strong - box of Tronsin Dumarsan. A foreign prince, who speaks broken French, presents himself; it is Vidocq who comes to see you; is he a real prince? yes; he belongs to a royal race, and also to the police. A grave, doctrinal professor introduces himself to you, and you surprise him reading your papers. All is permitted against you; you are outside the law-that is to say, outside of equity, outside of reason, outside of respect, outside of probability; men will declare themselves authorized by you to publish your conversations, and will take care that they shall be stupid; words will be attributed to you that you never uttered, letters that you never wrote, actions that you never committed. You are approached, so that the place where you shall be stabbed may be better chosen.

"You speak to a visage, and it is a mask that hearkens; your exile is haunted by that spectre, the spy.

"A very mysterious unknown comes to whisper in your ear; he declares to you that if you wish it he will undertake to assassinate the emperor-it is Bonaparte who offers to kill Bonaparte. At your fraternal banquet, some one in the corner will cry, 'Long live Marat Long live Hebert! Long live the guillotine!' With a little attention, you will recognize the voice of Carlier. Sometimes the spy begs; the emperor asks an alms of you

Here is a brief but vivid sketch of the through his Pietri; you give; he laughs-gayile's chosen spot of refuge :

The archipelago of the Channel is peculrly attractive: it has no difficulty in reseming France because it is France. Jersey and lernsey are fragments of Gaul, broken off the sea in the eighth century. Jersey was ore coquettish than was Guernsey; she has us become prettier and less beautiful. At rsey, the forest has become a garden; in lernsey, the rock remains colossal. More ace here, more majesty there. At Jersey, e is in Normandy; at Guernsey, one is in

ety of the hangman. You pay the hotel-bill of that exile, he is a police agent; you pay the traveling-expenses of that fugitive, he is a sbirro; you pass along the street, you hear some one say, 'There goes the real tyrant!' It is of you that these words are spoken; you turn, who is that man? The answer is, he is an outlaw. Not at all. He is a functionary. He is savage, and paid. It is a republican signed Maupas. Coco disguised as Scævola."

Here are some few of the trenchant, vigorous paragraphs scattered throughout the work:

"He who says justice, says strength." "The short sight of tyrants deceives them; conspiracy that has succeeded looks to them like victory, but that victory is full of ashes. The criminal believes that his crime is his accomplice. Error; his crime is his punisher. The assassin always cuts himself with his knife; treason always betrays the traitor; culprits, without suspecting it, are held by the collar by their crime-an invisible spectre; a bad action never loses hold of you, and fatally, by an inexorable road ending in pools of blood for glory and abysses of mud for shame, without remission for the guilty, the 18th Brumaire leads the great to Waterloo, and the 2d December drags the little to Sedan."

A man, so ruined that he has nothing left but his honor, so despoiled that he has nothing left but his conscience, so isolated that he has nothing beside him but justice, so deserted that he has only with him the truth, so cast into the shadows that there remains with him only the sun, such is he who is an exile."

"Calumny sometimes ends by adding lustre. By a silver ribbon upon the rose we recognize that a caterpillar has passed over it."

"Insult is an old habit of humanity; to throw stones delights idle hands; woe to all that rise above the ordinary level; mountainpeaks have the property of attracting thunder-bolts from above, and lapidation from below. It is almost their fault: why are they peaks? They attract the eye, and affront it." "Glory is a gilded bed wherein there lurks vermin."

"Where Vitellius is a god, Juvenal is filth."

"The prosperity of the empire was a national misfortune. The mirth of orgies is misery. A prosperity which gilds a crime lies and hatches a calamity. The egg of the 2d of December is Sedan."

On the back of the pamphlet from which we have just quoted appears an announcement of two forthcoming works by Victor Hugothe two concluding volumes of the "Légende des Siècles," and "The Art of being a Grandfather." The book on which M. Thiers has been at work for so long is to bear, it is said, the title of "Men and Matter." It is to be in four volumes, of which it is reported that two are already finished. Furne, Jouvet & Co. have just published the fourth volume of Martin's Popular History of France from the Earliest Times to the Present Day." This last volume brings the work down to 1804. It is to be completed in one volume more, which will be issued in the course of the ensuing year. The work, when completed, will contain over one thousand illustrations. The same house has also issued the third number of its superb edition of Michaud's "History of the Crusades," illustrated by Gustave Doré. The third volume of the "Merveilles de l'Industrie," by Louis Figuier, has also just appeared. This work, which is a popular description of modern inventions, is to be completed in four or five volumes at the most, and will contain fifteen hundred illustrations. Glady Bros. have just published "Coups de Bâton," by Louis Verbrugghe, and continue to puff violently their long-announced edition of the "Imitation of Christ." Dentu has issued" A Journey to the Ruins of Golconda and the City of the Dead," by Louis Jacolliot, and announces the second series of "The Women of the Court of Louis XV.," by Imbert de St.-Amand, and the "Marquise de Lucillière," the second series of "The Inn of the World," by Hector Malot. The Librairie Bachelin Deflorenne announces a su

perb illustrated work in the style of "L'Ornement Polychrome," and "L'Ornement des Tissus," to be issued in bimonthly parts. It is to be entitled "Les Merveilles de la Curiosité," ," and is to comprise one hundred plates in gold and colors, representing over a thousand objects, such as miniatures, ivory-carvings, stained glass, tapestry, etc., selected from both public and private collections. The work is to be completed in ten numbers at fifteen francs each. The Bibliothèque Charpentier announces a collected edition of "The Tales and Legends" of J. T. de St.-Germain, and has already published the first volume, containing his pretty tale of " For a Pin," the "Legend of Mignon," and two or three other stories. Paul Ollendorff has just issued the prize-poem crowned by the French Academy for this year, on the subject of the death of Livingstone. The fortunate competitor is named Emile Guiard.

The theatrical news of the week is unimportant. Offenbach's "Creole," at the Bouffes Parisiens completes the triad of his successes of this year, an almost unprecedented feat for a composer to achieve. It is doubtful whether this new work will attain to very wide-spread popularity, however. It lacks fun and entrain, and is in fact too much of an opéra comique, too much in the style of Auber and of Adam to suit the atmosphere of Les Bouffes. Judic, who does not appear till the second act, sings the lovely music allotted to her very charmingly. At the Grand Opéra a new interest has been imparted to the revival of "Faust" by the appearance of Mademoiselle de Reszké as Marguerite. Her youth, grace, and beauty lent an appropriate charm to her personation. She was loudly applauded after the "Jewel Song," and her fine and dramatic voice gave full effect to the grand concluding trio. "Le Pompon," the new opéra bouffe by Lecocq, which was produced at the Folies Dramatiques a few nights ago, has proved a failure, or rather what they call here a half-success. The first act is said to be charming, the second stupid, and the third intolerable.

Rossi made his first excursion into the territory of the French drama last week by producing "Kean," by the elder Dumas. The play is great stuff, being stupid, trashy, and ill-constructed, but it contains one great scene where Kean goes mad on the stage while playing Hamlet. In that one scene Rossi was sublime, and fairly drove the audience frantic with enthusiasm. The parquet literally แ rose at him," as they once did for the real Kean. Two of the theatrical celebrities of the Paris stage are said to be dying-two old artists who have wellnigh outlived their glory -Frédéric Lemaitre and Dejazet. From London comes a rumor that Salvini is about to be married to an English lady of good family and large fortune.

LUOY H. HOOPER.

water would flow and from which it might be pumped. Could this be accomplished, there would be no need of digging or boring or even removing the earth, as the tube would open its own way to any desired depth. Colonel Green explained this plan to others, and, in spite of their discouragements, put it into execution with perfect success; and it is said that at the present time tens or even hundreds of thousands of these driven wells are in use in the world, as the result of his endeavors. Owing to engagements in the field, the patent for this device was not obtained till 1868, and this after a severe contest with rival claimants. In 1871, the claim, which was originally defective, was reissued in the following form: "The process of constructing wells by driving an instrument into the ground until it is projected into water, without removing the earth upward, as it is in boring," etc. The suit to which we have alluded is brought in support of this claim, the defendants being W. & B. Douglas, the extensive pumpmanufacturers of Middletown, Connecticut, who have been furnishing parties engaged in making these wells with the necessary pumps and tubing, at the same time guaranteeing to defend them in case of prosecution. The owners of the patent have been engaged over three years in taking testimony, and over two hundred days have been occupied in obtaining it, which already fills over three thousand closely-printed pages, and was obtained at an expense, exclusive of counselfees, of eighty thousand dollars. The need of these efforts becomes apparent when it is stated that the present claim for damages exceeds half a million dollars. In view of these facts, the case may be regarded as among the most important of any in the annals of American patent litigation.

M. TELLIER, the inventor of the ice-machine bearing his name, has undertaken to test on a grand scale the possibility of transporting food preserved by cold. With this end in view, he has purchased a nine-hundred-ton vessel, which he proposes to fit up with improved forms of refrigerators, by this means transforming the hull of the vessel into an immense ice-box. The first trip of the Frigorifique - for thus has the ship been christened-will be from some port in France to the river Plate. Her first cargo will consist of wine, beer, butter, cheese, hops, vegetables, etc., which, up to the present time, have been conveyed to the tropics with difficulty. The cargo on the return-voyage will consist of fresh meat, game, fruit, skins, silkworms, eggs, and such other articles as may serve to thoroughly test the value of the new system of refrigeration. In a recent communication to the Académie des Sciences announcing his purpose, M. Tellier promises to afford the members of that body every opportunity to try any experiment which they may deem desirable. From this, it would appear

THE

HF American Artisan, under the title of "A Remarkable Patent Suit," gives an account of a trial now going on before Judge Benedict, of the United States Circuit Court, from which we condense as follows: In the year 1861 Colonel Nelson W. Green, of Cortland, New York, having heard it rumored that certain wells in Virginia had been poisoned so as to render them dangerous, conceived the idea that pure water might be obtained for his regiment by having a tube driven in the ground open at the lower end, into which the

tion are to be supplemented by one grand and possibly final attempt. Should this prove successful, the result will be one of great value, especially to American fruit-growers.

PROFESSOR JEVONS, in a paper read before the British Association during its meeting in Bristol, presented many interesting facts regarding the possible influence of sun-spots on the grain product of the world. Referring to the tables prepared by the German astronomer Schwabe, he found that the periods of sunspots were marked by regular intervals of eleven years, and, with this fact as a basis of

comparison, he entered upon an exhaustive examination of trade-reports and the annual prices of grain, as given by Professor Rogers in his "History of Agriculture and Prices in England." This treatise contained an elaborate collection of the prices of corn in all parts of England between the years 1259 and 1400. Passing over the description of the methods by which these results were obtained and compared, we arrive at the conclusion, namely, that the maximum of these prices was reached after regular intervals of from ten to eleven years. Though as yet the writer does not appear to have clearly established the actual coincidence between the years of sun-spots and those of full harvests, yet the agreement as to periods of time would seem to tend toward the establishment of the opinion he advances. He also pointed out that commercial panics occur at regular intervals of 10.8 years, and as this time coincides with that of the solar phenomena under consideration, it may yet be proved that there is an immediate and justifiable relation between the celestial phenomena and these commercial calamities.

WHETHER the felling of forests has any direct influence in decreasing the amount of water in springs, rivers, and water-courses, is a question regarding which there appears to be a decided difference of opinion. In order that this "dispute among the doctors" may be finally set at rest, the Vienna Academy of Sciences have issued a circular and report addressed to the kindred societies in other countries, inviting them to undertake special observation from which a final judgment may be obtained. In this circular attention is called to the fact that of late years there has been a decided diminution in the waters of the Danube and other large rivers, and, as this decrease of water has been identical in time with the felling of forests along their courses, the question of relationship between the two becomes one of special significance. In respect to the thoroughness with which it is proposed to institute these observations, it is stated that the Austrian Engineers and Architects' Union have appointed a hydrostatic commission to collect facts and prepare a report. The Danube, Elbe, and Rhine, have each been assigned to two members, while two others will be occupied with the meteorology of the subject, noting also the influence of the glaciers and Alpine torrents. Though these measures are suggested by a foreign society, it is evident that kindred observations made in this country will be of equal value, and there can be no doubt that the same conditions exist here as in Europe, and, should the question be answered in the affirmative, the demand for measures to protect the forests will be equally emphatic with us as with them.

ONE whose faith in Nature was such as to induce him to seek for arguments in de fense of the existence and service of one of her hitherto much-abused children, gives the following interesting facts regarding the habits of the common house-fly: Having noticed that flies on alighting rubbed their feet and wings together, he sought for a cause of this action, and discovered that it was to remove numberless minute animalcula with which the legs and wings had been costed during flight. These small creatures are pai sonous in character, and, though the fi eagerly devour them, are of a nature to induce disease when breathed into the human lungs Leanness in a fly, this observer states, is prima-facie evidence of pure air in the house,

while, if these little buzzing pests be fat and hearty, it is because they have been making a meal off of the creatures which would otherwise have brought disease into the household. While we are not prepared to dispute the claims of the house-fly as thus advocated, it must not be forgotten that these same creatures have been caught working untold mischief. As breeders of maggots their presence has too often brought suffering and death, and, as clearly proved by repeated experiments, their sponge-like feet have been made to convey and transplant the germs of many ulcerous diseases. The defense is no doubt an ingenious one, and may be "founded on fact;" still the charge against them is equally positive, and should not yet be fully dismissed.

In a recent "note" attention was directed to an electrical submarine lantern. This was constructed on the general principle of the Geissler tube. The electric current was led down through a wire attached to the lantern, which in turn was made fast to the person of the diver. A more recent application of the same principle is illustrated in a contrivance called "the electrical fish-bait." This consists simply of a platinum wire inserted in a bottle and attached to a battery. A passage of the current along the inclosed wire renders it hot and therefore luminous. The glass of which the bottle is made must be green or black, as this light is said to be the most persuasive. The method of using the bait is to lower it in the sea, and when the proper depth has been reached, cause the wire to be illuminated. By this means the fish are attracted toward the strange light. It is said that experiments recently tried on the coasts of the Côtes du Nord Department were very satisfactory.

HAVING already directed attention to the fact, established by experiment, that certain seeds may germinate in very low temperatures-on the surface of ice, for instance-the following suggestive observations with regard to like growth in high temperatures may be of interest: A lady having given her servants some plum-jam, they were induced to bury the seeds, which in due time sprouted and grew into plants. Observing this, the lady herself entered the field, with a view to verify these results, and by repeating the experiments was 5 equally successful. The temperature to which hese seeds were submitted-as any housewife who has made plum-jam well knowswas much above 212° Fahr., the boiling-point of water. Thus it appears that, unwittingly, hese English servants and their mistress were furnishing a fresh theme for dispute beween the advocates and opponents of the rexed question of spontaneous generation..

THE latest reports from the English Arctic Expedition show that an unusually easy pasage was made to within one hundred miles of Smith's Sound, and there were some hopes hat the pole might be reached this year. On he 23d of July the Alert met with the first ccident, having gone ashore on a small islnd off Kingitok. A rise in the tide floated er off without serious damage. The expediion is not expected home till the end of 1877.

Ir will be remembered that Mr. Smee, in is recent campaign against impure milk, as old in London, brought forth certain evidence ending to prove that cows fed upon sewagerass and deleterious herbs yielded milk of angerous quality. Other testimony in suport of this opinion now reaches us from Rome.

It appears that several cases of poisoning in that city have been traced to the drinking of goat's-milk. It was furthermore discovered that these animals feed on Conium maculatum-what will a goat not eat?-and that the poisonous elements of these and other like herbs found their way to the milk, which in turn was drunk with disastrous results by the peasants and their patrons.

THE

Miscellanea.

HE Saturday Review has an article which it calls "Proposals," meaning proposals for marriage. Some of the various methods of "popping the question" are very good. As an instance of the serious method is the following:

An Irish girl, who was very anxious that her scatterbrained brother should not be re

fused by the demure young Englishwoman with whom he had fallen desperately in love, implored him to try to propose with the seriousness becoming the occasion. He vowed solemnly that he would behave as if he were acting as chief mourner at his father's funeral. The demure young lady, in imitation of many of her country women, graciously accepted her wild Irish lover. She, however, confided to her bosom-friend that Edmund had proposed in rather an odd way. He had taken her after church to see the family-vault, and had there, in a sepulchral voice, asked her if she would like to lay her bones beside his bones. This he evidently thought was a proper way to fulfill the promise made to his sister of treating the matter with becoming seriousness.

There are the shy and oblique devices: When a man says to a girl, with whom he has waltzed several times, that, if ever he becomes a Benedict, he hopes his wife will exactly resemble her and dress precisely as she does, if the girl answers, "You must ask papa," there may reasonably be a difference of opinion as to whether the pretty speech can be twisted into a proposal or not. When, however, a shy man, having got his mother to plead his cause, says to the beloved one, with a tremulous gasp, "Won't you do the thing my mother asked you?" there is no doubt that, to all intents and purposes, he has asked her to be his wife. More than one proposal has been made by underscoring the lines in the marriage-service, "Wilt thou have this man to be thy wedded husband?" and passing the book and pencil during the sermon to the adored one. It sometimes comes back with a faint but still visible stroke under the "I will."

A bold and audacious method is illustrated by the subjoined:

The officer whose leave had nearly expired without his having been able to bring a pretty little coquette to the point of acknowledging that she cared for him even a little, wee bit, was not unwise to take her, ostensibly for the purpose of sketching, to the top of the church-tower, to lock the staircase-door, put the key in his pocket, and vow that, if she did not promise solemnly to marry him within a month, he would throw himself off the parapet before her eyes, key and all.

How to choose time and place is well illustrated by the following:

A young parson traveling in Palestine, and asked to join a pleasant party, among whose

numbers he found a notable heiress of passionate piety, did well to restrain the expression of the ardor of his affection until he found himself lying at her feet on the slopes of the Mount of Olives, looking toward Jerusalem. Scarcely any girl with a spark of religion or poetry in her composition could have said "no" to a white tie and a pair of handsome brown eyes under such well-chosen circumstances.

LADY POLLOCK, in Temple Bar, utters some just observations on dramatic readings. Those who pretend that a reading of a play affords them more pleasure than the acting of it, should heed:

In speaking of acted drama, some observations ought to be made upon an offshoot which has sprung from it, and which some persors prefer to it, namely, dramatic reading. It is difficult to conceive any cultivated person wishing to hear a play read aloud rather than acted, for the conditions of dramatic reading are such as to offer incongruities which it is impossible to do away with. If the reader keeps within the limited boundaries of reading without action, he is necessarily dull; the repetition of the names of characters seems to be eternal; the absence of movement where movement is wanted, and the constant sound of one voice where many voices are required, fill the mind of the hearer with a painful sense of monotony; the one voice may be beautiful, and well-modulated, and emotional, but it cannot fill a scene or convey the complete idea of the interchange of speech, and action, and passion, between a variety of persons. Not doing this it falls considerably short of the author's idea, and fatigues the audience; if, on the other hand, the reader, fearing to tire his listeners, gives all his force to the dramatic passion of the scene, and is so swift in his emotions as to be capable of endless shiftings and transitions, then the absence of action will be the more apparent; and if, with this there, to cross his own path, and to be two or dread before him, he tries to move here and three people at once, then he will be palpably absurd.

It is true that a fine artist may make his audience for the time forget many of these defects, but be never can make dramatic reading—that is, the reading of great dramas-a perfect art. Macready, who read with astonishing effect the tragedies of "Hamlet" and

"Romeo and Juliet,' never would consent to read " Othello," ," for he said that such quick and complete changes of character and feeling were required between Othello and Iago that no human reader could ever suggest a just idea of them. And even in his "Hamlet" it must be confessed that his hearers felt the want of Hamlet's personal distinction; the other parts seemed comparatively too prominent. The King was in himself a perfect work of art; the Ghost appalled the imagination, and everybody was important, while the one whose preeminence was most desired lost something of his elevation. Macready, aware of all the obstacles inseparable from dramatic reading, more willingly recited Milton than Shakespeare, and with Milton he made his deepest impression, not because he understood Milton better than he understood Shakespeare, as some people used to say, but that Milton's requirements were capable of being wholly fulfilled by a reader, and that Shakespeare's

were not.

These remarks are not intended to discourage dramatic readers, but rather to apolo

gize for shortcomings which are inherent in the art without any fault on the part of the artist. Allowing for inevitable anomalies, dramatic reading may by made very interesting, and by its means a fine performer may suggest ideas of particular scenes or subordinate characters which otherwise could never reach the public; all that is here asserted is the impossibility of the adequate representation of an acting drama by one voice. This is not true of the recitation of poetic narratives; there is no impediment here to a complete artistic beauty, and a sense of entire satisfaction may result from it. But this kind of declamation rarely exalts the mind into the towering state which is induced by the tragedy that goes sweeping by.

A WRITER in All the Year Round, discuss

ing various matters pertaining to the theatre, has the following to say about calling authors before the curtain:

The calling for the dramatist of the evening is of foreign origin, as, indeed, are the majority of theatrical honors and compliments. The first dramatist called before the curtain in France was Voltaire, after the production of 66 Merope;" the second was Marmontel, after the performance of his tragedy of" Dionysius." For some time our English playwrights were content to acknowledge from their private boxes the salutations and congratulations of their audience. What author first stepped from his box to the stage? If his name cannot now be ascertained, at least we have information concerning a dramatist perfectly willing to adopt such a course. To Talfourd, the representation of his dramatic works always afforded intense delight. He would travel almost any distance to see one of his plays upon the boards, no matter how humble the theatre. Macready has left on record curious particulars touching the first representation of "Ion." "Was called for very enthusiastically by the audience, and cheered on my appearance most heartily.

Miss Ellen Tree was afterward called forward. Talfourd came into my room and heartily shook hands with me, and thanked me. He said something about Mr. Wallack, the stage-manager, wishing him to go on the stage, as they were calling; but it would not be right. I said, 'On no account in the world.' He shortly left me, and, as I heard, was made to go forward to the front of his box and receive the enthusiastic tribute of the house's grateful delight. How happy he must have been!" In 1888, concerning the first night of Sheridan Knowles's play of " Woman's Wit," Macready writes: "Acted Walsingham in a very crude, nervous, unsatisfaotory way. Avoided a call by going before the curtain to give out the play; there was very great enthusiasm. Led on Knowles in obedience to the call of the audience." But Knowles was not an author only, he was an actor also-he had trod the boards as his own Master Walter, and in other parts, although he was not included in the cast of "Woman's Wit." No doubt, from Macready's point of view, this considération rendered his case very different from that of Talfourd.

THE National Food and Fuel Reformer (English) discovers a host of evils that arise from tea-drinking, among them being deafness, blindness, and even consumption :

It is on women-on the mothers of our race that the evil effects of tea-drinking fall with the greatest weight. How many women,

who think they cannot "get along" a single day without tea, owe to it their cold feet and hands, their liability to frequent colds, their peculiar difficulties, especially their weakening ones, and their habitual loss of appetite, rendering them a prey to "dinner-pills," or the absurdities termed "strengthening medicines," so long in vogue! No wouder that teadrinkers are so frequently small eaters, when their tea has gradually destroyed their appetite! But perhaps the worst use to which tea is applied by women is the practice of drinking copiously of strong tea during pregnancy, with the idea that it will render their milk abundant. A most unfounded, absurd, and disastrous practice. It is alike injurious to the mother and her offspring; and it may originate the hereditary diseases of successive generations-far beyond the third and fourth. According to Dr. William Alcott, one cause of a scrofulous constitution, by inheritance, is to be found in the use of tea by ancestors, and he reasons out the matter on sound physiological principles, observing that whatever weakens the nerves-especially those of the stomach-in a mother, is sure to entail a tendency to disease on her offspring, which will not unfrequently prove to be scrofula, or that dismal and universal disease-tuberculous consumption. There is also reason to infer that much of our modern eye-disease and ear-disease is caused by the tea-drinking habit of our populations. The hearing is affected, at least indirectly, by colds-so much more common than among our forefathers before the introduction of tea. This is an absolute necessity; and it cannot be explained by any change in the climate for the worse; anyhow, the fact is certain, and it is equally certain that the sudden heating produced by tea, as rapidly followed by refrigeration or chill, cannot fail to be a perpetual cause of the affection in question-so often the precursor of consumption.

THE London World has grave and, let us say, sensible doubts as to the feasibility of the new suggestion of "lady-helps." Under the title of "Sally in Silk," it discourses as follows:

It was a considerable time before it dawned upon us as possible that the letters recommending us to have our grates blackened by ladies of gentle birth, and to make cook and companion convertible terms, were really written in all seriousness. We have believed them

flights of fancy, not indeed especially brilliant or amusing, but still gratifying to the vanity

of their authors by enabling them to appear in print. It seems, however, that we were behind the age; that what we smiled at as a harmless absurdity is really in some instances a positive fact, and that we are open to the possibility of a parlor-maid whose blood is as blue as that of the Knight of Calatrava himself. This, at least, is the ideal presented to our awe-struck imaginations; it is true that, when we descend to particulars, and inquire into hard matters of fact, we soon discover that some of the preachers of the new evangel have somewhat singular ideas as to what the status of a lady really is.

...

Let us imagine for a moment-for we do not believe, except in the realms of imagination, that such a thing is likely to occur-let us imagine a large household consisting of real ladies and gentlemen. Is it possible to conceive any two people more to be pitied than the master and mistress of such an establishment! Their servants we humbly apologize, assistants-are their equals; how can they be so rude as to find fault? Miss Matilda is, we conceive, hardly more likely to prove herself immaculately perfect as a house-maid than her humbler prototype Molly; but how can her "mistress-friend," which is the favorite euphemism employed, venture to point out cobwebs, or remark on slovenly work? She would, indeed, be a bold woman if she attempted it. It would, we think, be pretty certain to produce a flood of hysterical tears, and a sobbing protest that the culprit had "never been used to be so spoken to." So the cobwebs would remain unmentioned for fear of another outburst, and raw meat, burnt soup, and flavorless puddings, would also be endured in silence. Imagine, too, the utter loss of privacy; all these "helps," being equals of their employers, must, of course, be accepted as companions, and, after Miss Matilda had condescended to dust the china, or had fatigued herself by half-polishing the fire-irons, she would naturally take her repose on the drawing-room sofa with the last new novel or magazine.