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taining the rank of cardinal. The Government, no longer deterred by the dread of displeasing the Cardinal Dubois, who had then been dead some time, and alarmed at the boldness with which Madame de Tenein carried on her schemes, sent secret instructions to her to leave Paris, and she established herself for some time in the vicinity of Orleans. This exile from Paris-the theatre where she enacted the role most suitable to her taste and abilities-was a heavy trial to Madame de Tenein; and bitterly did she regret that Cardinal Fleury, with whom the measure originated, was of an age and character over whom she could obtain no influence. Her exile was not, however, of long duration. Her brother's elevation to the cardinalship placed him in a much more important position in France than he had previously filled, and led to her being permitted to return to the French capital. The truth was that Cardinal Fleury was a man of too quick an apprehension not to perceive the utility which he might derive from the services of the sister and brother, and was too timid not to dread the mischief they might produce if they turned their talents for intrigue against him. He preferred having them in his interest, to their remaining his enemies, and therefore conciliated them, while entertaining a very bad opinion of both. Monsieur le Duc de Bourbon, who became first minister to Louis XV., on the death of the Regent Orleans, was governed by a Madame de Prie, a woman of extremely objectionable reputation, and who entertained a violent aversion to Cardinal Fleury, who, being the preceptor of the youthful monarch, she dreaded becoming his chief adviser, and thus impairing the power of her royal lover. Nor were her fears unfounded, for, although the Duc de Bourbon, to counteract the influence he dreaded, arranged the marriage of the king with Marie Lesczynski, the daughter of the deposed King of Poland, believing, by this measure, to ensure the gratitude of that princess and her services in his favour with the sovereign, he only retained his high post three years; and Louis XV., yielding to the public opinion expressed against the Duc de Bourbon, and the private counsel of Fleury, exiled his relative to Chan-r tilly. De Tenein, during this struggle fopower between the Duc and Fleury, had assiduously, though not openly, paid his court to the Duc but no sooner had Fleury succeeded him in office than he placed himself at the feet of the new minister. The advanced age and feeble health of Fleury encouraged the ambitious projects of De Tenein, who, holding the same ecclesiastical rank, and remembering that the infamous Cardinal Dubois had once held the reins of government, saw no reason why he also might not grasp them. He left no effort untried to win the friendship of Fleury. All his arts and skill in flattery were exerted, and Fleury, with a dissimulation not inferior to his own, affected to be imposed on by him. Find ing that Fleury might, notwithstanding his advanced age and weak health, keep him for years out of the post he longed to fill, a thought

suggested itself to De Tenein that could scarcely have entered any brains less fertile than his own, or have led to any hope of realization with a person less experienced in intrigue: this was, to induce Fleury to resign the premiership in his own favour, in exchange for an election to the papal throne. The knowledge and experience which De Tenien acquired in the negociations to obtain a cardinalship for Dubois-a most difficult ask, which he however achieved, as he subsequently did a similar grade for himself or scarcely less so-induced him to think that he could elevate Fleury to the rank of Pope. Something of this De Tenein insinuated, if he did not fully explain to Fleury, and with an affectation of disinterestedness and derotion to the minister that might have deceived any one less wary and suspicious than this cunning statesman. But Fleury was not to be deceived, and one can easily imagine him smiling in the consciousness of having detected the ruse of his would-be rival, when he replied: "My health becomes weaker every day; my stomach no longer performs its functions, and I think seriously of retiring. Your Eminence is in the maturity of your age; you possess all the vigour of your mind, and you owe its powers to your Master and to your country."

The wily De Tenein, judging from this cunning speech that his real motive was seen through by Fleury, declined the false offer implied by it, with the air of a man who has weaned his mind from all earthly prospects of grandeur, and who had no personal object in his desire to elevate Fleury to the throne of St. Peter. This last individual proposed to appoint M. d'Argenson to a place in the Cabinet with De Tenein, on the plea of assisting him in carrying out the details of office, well convinced that D'Argenson was not a man who would consent to play a second part in the Adminis tration. After much apparent hesitation, De Tenein allowed his simulated scruples to be vanquished by the Premier, and he and D'Argenson entered office the same day; but De Tenein, although without a portfolio, firmly convinced that with the aid of the Court of Rome, and the talents for intrigue of his artful sister, be would inevitably fill the place at present occupied by Fleury. Nothing could have so much deteriorated the satisfaction of De Tenein at holding office as having D'Argenson for a colleague, though he endeavoured to lead the latter to believe that he wished it. D'Argenson was not his dupe, and afterwards defeated many of his schemes. The want of confidence in De Tenein had led Fleury to keep him as much as possible from coming into personal contact with the youthful Sovereign. The Parisian world was for a considerable time ignorant of the real position of De Tenein in the Cabinet, and looking on him as the future successor of Fleury to the Premiership, treated him with a respect to which he was little entitled, while to his sister was offered a homage of which she was equally undeserving. There is no more dangerous and

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demoralizing an example to a people than the de Tene in even more than it did him. His acelevation of unworthy persons to high station cession to power she had fully expected would and fortune achieved by cunning, intrigue, and inevitably lead to hers. She calculated that, vice. It corrupts those whose principles of being infinitely his superior in intellect, she right are not firmly fixed, and tempts them to should in reality govern him who governed pursue a similar course of evil by the hope it France, and her quickness of apprehension, affords of a similar result, while it disgusts and which enabled her to see the mediocrity of his sours the good to see vice not only unpunished, position, and the little influence permitted him but triumphant. Such was the effect produced in the Cabinet, humiliated and enraged her. by the successful career of turpitude of the Hence her hatred to D'Argenson and Maubrother and sister, whose lives were so inti- ressas, and the schemes developed in her letters mately connected that the history of one cannot to the Duc de Richelieu, to enable her brother be given without entering into some details of to obtain an influence over the mistress of the that of the other. Who shall say how far their King. But if Madame de Tenein failed to obbaneful example may have influenced society attain the political influence she had expected to the time they lived, and have prepared the way to that state of general demoralization which tainted all classes in France, and some years subsequently drew down on it the fearful horrors of a revolution for which if it offered a palliation, it could not serve as a justification? The union of brilliant talents and a high cultivation of mind, with gross sensuality, unbridled profligacy, and an avowed heresy that swept away all the wholesome constraints imposed by religion, was a phase in the times to which we refer that could not fail to lead to the most terrible results.

This dangerous union was offered in the society of the literary men; and, worse still, in that of the literary women of that day, and no one who looks dispassionately beneath the surface of the current that was then rapidly rising to submerge all moral institutions, can deny that, as the example of vice in women is even more dangerous than in men, so the réunions held in the houses of Madame de Te

nein and others of the remarkable women among her contemporaries, as well as their conduct, were calculated to sap the foundation of society to its very base, and have entailed evils the effect of which have not yet ceased.

derive from her brother, she had acquired a literary one scarcely less important, and becoming every day more powerful.

Duclos, who knew her well, declares that she was as ardent in her friendships as in her hatreds, and that it was by the ardour of her character that she exercised the extraordinary empire she held over the most remarkable literary men of her time. "The persons of mediocrity attached themselves to her because they wanted her assistance," writes he," and the persons of merit because they feared her." When some one was one day vaunting the affability and softness of manner of Madame de Tenein, the Abbé Trublet replied, Yes, if it was her interest to poison you she would select the sweetest poison for the purpose."

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served Madame de Tenein, "because they never "People of talent commit many faults," obbelieve that the world is so stupid as it is"-a remark full of wisdom and knowledge of the world. Marmontel relates, among many pieces of good advice given to him by this remarkable woman, one which is very honourable to her sex:"Try to make female friends in preference to male ones; for through women one may make men do whatever is required. Besides, Foiled in his ambition to obtain the power which he believed within his grasp, Cardinal de some men are too dissipated, and others too Tenein severely felt his disappointment without much occupied with their own personal interests, knowing how to conquer the impediments that not to neglect yours, while women think of the interests of their friends, if only from idleness. impeded his success. His clever sister, aware of his incapacity for public business, had sug-affair that touches you, and to-morrow at her Speak this evening to a female friend of any gested to him the expediency of employing the young Mably, whose talents and applications she thought might be very useful to him. Mably advised him to solicit the king's per

mission to deliver his counsel and official re

ports in writing, instead of verbally, and drew up those papers himself, evincing an intelligence and ability for which no one had ever given De Tenein credit, but which greatly served him. It was Mably who, in 1743, drew up the treaty between France and Prussia, which Voltaire was employed to present to Frederick the Great. Without the aid of Mably, it is probable that De Tenein would not long have retained the place, uninfluential as it was, which he held in the cabinet.

The insignificant part her brother was filling in the Government vexed and mortified Madame

wheel or at her embroidery you will find her reflecting and searching in her head the means could be useful to you, take especial care never of serving you. But with her whom you think to be anything else than a friend; for between lovers, when clouds and quarrels and ruptures occur, all is lost. Be always assiduous, complaisant, even gallant towards her if you will, but nothing more." Marmontel adds: "Thus in our confidential conversations the perfect naturalness of her language imposed on me so wholly that I never took her wit to be other than good sense."

Madame de Tenein continued to receive the most eminent literary men of her day up to the last year of her life, and to exercise over them her wonted influence.

A FRAGMENT.

The English reader will probably be sur prised to find my name associated with a work of the present description, and inclined to give me more credit for my attainments as a linguist than they deserve. As I would not willingly be guilty of a deception, I will state as shortly as I can my own share in the compilation, with the motives which led to it. On my arrival in Venice in the year 1816 I found my mind in a state which required study, and study of a nature which should leave little scope for the imagination, and furnish some difficulty in the pursuit. At this period I was much struck, in common, I believe, with every other traveller, with the Society of the Convent of St. Lazarus, which appears to unite all the advantages of the monastic institution without any of its vices. The neatness, the comfort, the gentleness, the unaffected devotion, the accomplishments, and the virtues of the brethren of the order, are well fitted to strike the man of the world with the conviction that "there is another and a better" even in this life.

These men are the priesthood of an oppressed and a noble nation, which has partaken of the proscription and bondage of the Jews and of the Greeks, without the sullenness of the former or the servility of the latter. This people has attained riches without usury, and all the honours that can be awarded to Slavery without intrigue. But they have long occupied, nevertheless, a part of "the house of bondage," who has lately multiplied her many mansions.

It would be difficult, perhaps, to find the annals of a nation less stained with crimes than those of the Armenians, whose virtues have been those of Peace, and their vices those of compulsion. But whatever may have been their destiny, and it has been bitter-whatever it may be in future, their country must ever be one of the most interesting on the globe; and perhaps their language only requires to be more studied to become not less attractive. If the scriptures are rightly understood, it was in Armenia that Paradise was placed-Armenia which has paid as dearly as the descendants of Adam for that fleeting participation of its soil in the happiness of him who was created from its dust. It was in Armenia that the flood first abated, and the dove alighted. But, with the disappearance of Paradise itself, may be dated almost the unhappiness of the country; for, though long a powerful kingdom, it was scarcely ever an independent one; and the satraps of Persia and the pachas of Turkey have alike desolated the region where God has created man in his own image. BYRON.

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expressions de condoléance. Votre perte est unperte Européene, une perte générale, mais surtout une perte immense et irréparable pour la Grèce, pour la Patrie adoptire de celui que l'a secouru dans les momens les plus critiques, que l'a soulagée dans sa dernière détresse, qui en fut proclamé le bienfaiteur. Si notre situa tion actuelle ne nous permet pas de faire tout ce que est dû à la mémoire de ce grand homme, notre cœur en sent bien le besoin, et les larmes qui nous versons sont une preuve des sentimens qui y sont profondément gravés. Mais si le dueil est général, si les larmes abondent dans les yeux de tous les Grecs, les habitans de cette ville témoins ormbaires des vertus et des bienfaits du grand homme, qu'ils comptaient déjà avec orgueil au nombre de leurs concitoyens sentent et sentiront pour toujours, beaucoup plus que tous les autres l'immensité de leur perte. La privation du corps de leur bienfaiteur, est après sa mort un sécond malheur pour eux, et ils implorrent la permission de retenir une partie des restes de leur concitoyen, tel est le but de la lettre ci-incleuse addressée à la noble fille du défunt, à qui ces restes inestimable appartiennent de droit. Vous ne m'accuserez pas de témérité, Madame, si je prends le liberté de demander votre intercession en leur faveur. Vous partagez trop les nobles et généreuses sentimens de votre frère pour réjeter une prière si générale, si justifiée par les sentimens même qui la provôquent.

Venillez bien agréer l'expression du plus profond respect, avec lequel j'ai l'honneur d'être, Madame, votre très humble et très Obéissant Serviteur,

MAVROCUDOTI.

From Missolonghi, Sept. 16, 1825.

MADAM,

I was determined to write to you from Missolonghi, and until now I have been de tained by duty elsewhere. Greece had a very narrow escape this year, and Missolonghi has saved Greece. Now the great danger is over; had this place fallen, very probably Greece was lost. Missolonghi alone, with a small garrison, stood against a swarm of barbarians five months this defence has been most glorious.

We may be proud to think that Lord Byron's care and generosity have proved most useful to its defence, as the best fortifications were executed by his advice and at his expense. His memory is venerated here and through the whole of Greece by everybody and all parties. The church where the last honours were ren. dered him is quite destroyed by cannon-shot. The other, St. Nicholas, where a part of him is still lying in veneration, is still existing.....

OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT.

MY DEAR C-—,

Ever since the elections our political horizon has continued cloudy. All wondered how his Majesty would act in the dilemma; rumours whispered a probability of a "Coup d'Etat" if the Corps Legislatif became too troublesome, and the manner in which that body was sent home for the summer months, urged on that way of settling the question. Then the projected "Senatus Consulte," for the modification of our constitution, brightened up the hopes of the sanguine, and the general amnesty accorded by the Emperor on the 15th of August, his fête day, and the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Napoleon I., seems to have calmed the Parisians a little, although the wise observations of our venerable senators in their discussions on the momentous question irritate our nerves and almost make us think that Government is only amusing us a little; but it is the firm belief that more liberty we must have. En Attendant Commerce is very slack, and villany very prosperous. Mr. Pic, editor of the "Etendard," a gentleman thought to be rolling in thousands, proved to have been robbing an assurance office for years, with the aid of the cashier, Mr. Taillefer. What use inspectors are, goodness knows, and there is never an office in France without an inspector. Mr. Pic has twelve years' hard labour for his pains, but he is considered worthy his Majesty's pity, so that a petition is signed for the mitigation of the sentence. The Saint Napoleon brought trainfuls and trainfuls of visitors from the provinces and from foreign parts, and Paris swarmed with spectators to the yearly festivities, which differed but little from those of the preceding years. The opera was besieged for the gratuitous representation, as early as three o'clock on the afternoon the day before, where, in spite of a little rain, the "amateurs" remained, dining and breakfasting on the spot, not the least curious scene in the day's rejoicings. And what a rush when the doors were opened, and what enthusiasm when the general approbation was excited! and these untrained judges are often very good critics, and exact good execution, which the artists know, and, generally speaking, vie with each other in displaying their talents to the best advantage. The people also are very jealous in being served as well as if they paid for their places; at one of these first gratuitous representations, a lady "en petit bonnet," was very indignant at seeing so many singing at once in the choruses. "It is only because we are poor people and do not pay," said she, "the lazy creatures! that they sing all at once to get it over sooner, it's a great shame, the Emperor ought to know it." Every theatre this year had its "contate" in

honour of the old Emperor, whose memory his nephew has very cleverly invoked before the public by every possible means, and writers are prolific in their anecdotes on the illustrious founder of the reigning dynasty. Amongst others, those on the hatred between Napoleon and Madame de Staël, continually in hostilities with each other. The Emperor exiled the celebrated lady, but she, in revenge, wrote books against him, which now serve his enemies as arguments against the then all powerful Cæsar; this proves that ladies always will have the last word. Some insinuate that the origin of Madame de Staël's hate is not so pure or moral as might be expected, that is if the following anecdote be authentic: Talleyrand one day gave a grand fête to young Bonaparte, Madame de Staël in conversation asked him who, in his eyes, was the first woman in the world, alive or dead. "The one," replied the general, "who has given birth to the most children.' The lady bit her lips, and for a moment remained silent, but endeavoured to overcome her surprise by observing that the general had the reputation of loving women very little. "I beg your pardon, Madame," returned Bonaparte," I love my wife very much indeed." This was an answer to a letter that Madame de Staël had written to him a few days before, and in which she had said: "It is one of the errors of human institutions that alone can have given you for spouse an insignificant créole, the gentle and tranquil Madame Bonaparte; it is a soul of fire like mine that nature had destined for a hero like you." Napoleon thought otherwise.

So great was the enthusiasm in Corsica on the 15th that the trees themselves took fire, and a whole forest burnt in honour of the dead hero; it is like the chestnut tree in the Tuileries garden, the 20th Mars, that buds forth every year honour of the imperial family.

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The Empress went to Cherbourg the other day and slept on board her yacht; a lady's whim. As early as seven in the morning she was up and alone with Madame Carette, her only lady in attendance with her, was on shore walking about the pier, and happening to meet a man who had attended her on a former visit, she stopped him, had a few minutes' chat on things around her, and slipped a twenty franc piece into his hand, with a gracious smile into his heart on leaving him. The poor dear lady has been passing a very monotonous season at St. Cloud, a séjour that she dislikes very much at any time: when palaces abound, one becomes difficult. She and the Emperor also, while away an hour or two, the other day embarked on board a small boat at St. Cloud and went up the Seine; and to the great amazement of the dancers, landed in a village called Puteaux,

where the Parisians love to hie to eat rabbit and "tip the light fantastic toe." Fancy if the appearance of the august personages interrupted their dance! Their Majesties seemed to enjoy themselves extremely, and appeared half inclined to dine on rabbit and "piquette," the small sour wine in the environs of Paris, in the open air, under the bowers of creeping vine, the palace of those joyous children of the capital. However, they did not indulge in that caprice, but returned to St. Cloud. It is thought that the Emperor will not leave that residence this year, Eugénie is soon to start on her oriental tour. She is to go Lyons and be received in state there, but after that she will travel incog. The Emperor has "come down handsomely," having given his wife several millions of francs for the expenses of her journey; a good example to other husbands, who sometimes are very "screwing" when their poor wives want a trifling addition to their quarterly allowance.

Marshal Niel's death was rather sudden; how many of our men in office are taken off! The other day it was Monsieur Troplong, President of the Senate, and now it is our war minister. The Emperor wished the marshal to be buried at the Invalides, but the dead warrior desired to repose between his father and brother at Muret, their family residence, and his wife insists on his last wishes being accomplished, so that after the grand funeral accorded him the other day at the Invalides, the corpse was conveyed by train to Muret. The Marshal began his career under Louis Philippe and was highly esteemed by the Orlean princes. In speaking of Mr. Troplong, reminds me of the present President of the Senate, Monsieur Rouher, who, it is said, cannot cease to regret his ministry; as for Madame Rouher, she can scarcely turn round in the petit Palais du Luxembourg, and curses hard fate that has deprived her of her spacious residence at the ministry. I ask, what would she do were she reduced to the house she was born in, or even the one she inhabited before her husband played a part in the government of the empire?

There are renewed rumours abroad of Monsieur Hausmann's intentions of resigning office, and giving up the Hotel de Ville to another occupant. What will poor Madame Hausmann do should such a thing happen to her, after living so long in the handsomest and largest palace in Paris?

A passing thought from "la vie parisienne :" all the chefs-d'œuvres of human genius are in the dictionary. The secret is to choose the right word and put it in the right place.

Monsieur Renan has again sent forth his prose, and after "La vie de Jesus, "Les Apotres," we have now St. Paul arranged à la Renan; that is in a very clever and poetical manner, but not exactly as Christians love to see their favourite apostle. A man of genius all you

like, but no divine inspiration. Monsieur Renan
seems to have undertaken the arduous task of
putting things in order on high, and of disarray-
ing on earth all heavenly things. The young
Cavaignac who, last year refused to be crowned
at the distribution of prizes at the Sorbonne, by
the son of his father's greatest enemy the
Prince Imperial, was this year examined for,
and received a B.A. Monsieur Patin, a learned
professor in the university, was questioning
him on the tragedy of "Cinna." The young
man had to read verses on ambition, which
say that when ambition is satisfied, our mind
never being contented, aspires always to some-
thing else; and not being able to remain
stationary, would rather descend when at the
height of power. The last words are these:

Toujours vers quelque objet pousse quelque désir,
Il se ramène en soi, n'ayant plus ou se prendre,
Et, monté sur le faite, il aspire à descendre."

At this last verse the professor stopped the
young man, and said: "There is in our
contemporary history an historical word that
might be compared with these lines of Corneille."
That word was said by a great citizen, who, at
the height of power, pronounced these words,
"I will not fall, I descend." The General
Cavaignac, the young man's father, pronounced
those words. Tears came into the son's eyes,
and the audience were about applauding, when
the professor quietly said "continue, sir."
This action has been much commented, and
Monsieur Patin may be sure that he at any
S. A.
rate will not be named Senator.

THE GOOD OLD MAN.
Linger yet awhile, old man,

We do not wish you to go;
For cheering is your smile, old man,
To each toiler to and fro.
Linger yet awhile, old man,
Linger yet awhile:

We shall miss that smile, old man;
We shall miss that smile.

As the ripple upon the lake, old man,
At eve aud at morning's glow,
Looks up and laughs in Sol's face, old man,
From the quiet depths below;
So that smile comes on your face, old man,
From a heart at peace also;
We shall miss that smile, old man,
When you to your long home go.
Linger yet awhile, old man;

We want you here to show,
That life spent as a life should be
Is heaven begun below.
Then linger awhile with us, old man,

And teach us while you may:
For us it is better; and you, old man,
Are ready to go or stay.

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