百 反也恐惡其孔 庶反也恐 有孟民經惡 餘子興而鄉亂 口,苗 B 禹堯邪 子堯 原樂恐也惡之 恐也其惡似道 惡亂佞 臯舜慝正亂紫信 陶至矣。則德恐也其 則於 庶也。 惡亂 見湯 民君諷鄭義 而五 字旦惡似而非者 堯舜之道故曰德之賊也 興子朱聲也恐也。 of Yao and Shun. On this account they are called "The thieves of virtue." 12. ‘Confucius said, "I hate a semblance which is not the reality. I hate the darnel, lest it be confounded with the corn. I hate glibtonguedness, lest it be confounded with righteousness. I hate sharpness of tongue, lest it be confounded with sincerity. I hate the music of Chăng, lest it be confounded with the true music. I hate the reddish blue, lest it be confounded with vermilion. I hate your good careful men of the villages, lest they be confounded with the truly virtuous.” 13. The superior man seeks simply to bring back the unchanging standard, and, that being correct, the masses are roused to virtue. When they are so aroused, forthwith perversities and glossed wickedness disappear.’ CHAP. XXXVIII. 1. Mencius said, ' From Yao and Shun down to Tang were 500 years and more. As to Yu and Kao Yao, they (current customa,' but 狁 at the same tine, lects, XV. x. 紫 -see Analects, X. vi. a. stigmatizes the customs as bad. 居之居 13 This paragraph explains the rest of the 之於心者;行之一行之於身 Chapter. The 徑 or unchanging standard," 者 is the 中道, (the right medium, which the 12. These are sayings of Confucius which sage himself pursues, and to which he seeks to are only found here. Such a string of them is recall others. not in the sage's style. 恐其亂苗,‘lest 38. ON THE TRANSMISSION OF THE LINE OF DOCTRINE FROM YAO TO MENCIUS'S OWN TIME. it confound the corn,'-be confounded with it. Compare Bk. II. Pt. II. xiii; Bk. III. Pt. II.x; So in the other phrases 鄭聲 -see Ana-et al. 1. From the commencement of Shun's 於 爾之人子知餘知 知朱於3 歲之 爾則亦無有平 若 若若 於子公 今則望至 之 二 朱則見而知之若文王則 文王五百有餘歲若伊尹 知之若湯則聞而知之由湯雲 爾。也 未百聞散於若 然遠有而宜孔文 「也餘知生2 生子 無近歲之。 則 有去由見 乎人聖孔而有而萊至 saw those earliest sages, and so knew their doctrines, while T'ang heard their doctrines as transmitted, and so knew them. 2. From T'ang to king Wăn were goo years and more. As to Î Yin, and Lai Chû, they saw Tang and knew his doctrines, while king Wăn heard them as transmitted, and so knew them. 3. From king Wăn to Confucius were joo years and more. As to Tai-kung Wang and San f-shăng, they saw Wan, and so knew his doctrines, while Confucius heard them as transmitted, and so knew them. 4. From Confucius downwards until now, there are only 100 years and somewhat more. The distance in time from the sage is so far from being remote, and so very near at hand was the sage's residence. In these circumstances, is there no one to transmit his doctrines? Yea, is there no one to do so?? reign to that of T'ang's were 489 years, while Chû Hsi seems to be wrong, however, in making from Teng to the rise of the Châu dynasty San, instead of San-î, to be the surname. See were 644 years. Here, as before, Bk. II. Pt. IÍ. xiii, Mencius uses 500 as a round number. In 知之the 之 refers to the doctrines of the sages. " 2. Lai Chù is not exactly identified. Most make him the same with T'ang's minister, the 四書拓餘說 in Loc. 4. The con cluding sentences here wonderfully ver com. mentators. In the 'Supplemental Commentary' 翼註) are found five different interpre Chung-hùi; see the Shu-ching, IV. ii. 3. Tai-tations of them. But all agree that Mencius kung Wang,-see Bk. IV. Pt. 1. xiii. Of San somehow takes upon himself the duty and f-shăng more can hardly be said to be known responsibility of handing down the doctrines than that he was an able minister of king Wăn. of the sage. INDEX I. OF SUBJECTS. The references to the Book, Part, Chapter, and Paragraph are marked thus-I. i. 1. 1. In the first edition, for Parts i and ii the characters and T Absurdity of a ruler not following wise coun- Acknowledged favours, how Mencius, VI. ii 5. Advantages, the greatest, of friendship, V. ii. 8. Adviser of the princes might always be perfectly Aged, the, were nourished by the government Ages, different conduct of great men in different, Agreement of sages not affected by place or time, Agriculture, importance of a ruler attending to, Air, how one's material position affects his, VII. Ambition and avarice, evils of, I. ii. 11: of Antiquity, the example of, VII. i. 9. Archer, he who would be benevolent is like an, Archery, learning, IV. ii. 24: VI. i. 20. Attainment, real, must be made by the learner Authority, punishment should be inflicted only Barbarians, influence of the Chinese on, III. i. Barley, illustration taken from, VI. i. 7. Behaviour of Mencius with an unworthy asso- Benefits of trouble and affliction, VII. i. 18. Benevolent government, I. i. 5; 7: III. i. 8: Book of Rites, quotations from, II. ii. 2: III. ii. Brilliant Palace, the, or Hall of Distinction, I. Burial, Mencius's, of his mother, I. ii. 16: II. ii. Calamity and happiness are men's own seeking, II. i. 4: the superior man is beyond the reach Calumny, comfort under, VII. ii. 19. Cattle and sheep, illustration taken from feed- Character, how men judge wrongly of, VII. i. Charge of one's self the greatest of charges, IV. Chess-playing, illustration from, VI. i. 9. Condemnation of king Hûi of Liang, VII. ii. 1. Consequences, the thought of, should make men Conspicuous mound, monopolizing the, II. ii. 10. Conviction, how Mencius brought home, II. ii. 4. Corrupt times are provided against by estab- Counselling princes from the ground of profit, Counsellors of great men should be morally Counsels for the government of a kingdom, III. Courses, two, open to a prince pursued by his Court, Mencius would not pay, to a favourite, Cultivation, men's disregard of self-, VI. i. 18: Death or flight, which should be chosen, I. ii. Decrees of Heaven, man's duty as affected by Deeds, not words or manners, prove mental Defects, men are sensible of bodily, but not of Defence, of Shun's conduct, V. i. 2; 3: of ↑ Yin, Degeneracy, the progress of, from the three kings to the five chiefs of the princes, and Deluge, the Chinese, III. i. 4, note 7; ii. 9: IV. Desires, the regulation of, essential, VIL. ii. 85. Dignity, how the ancient scholars maintained Disappointment of Mencius with the king Discrimination of what is right and wrong must Disposition, a man's true, will often appear in Disputing, Mencius, not fond of, III. ii. 9. Division of labour, propriety of the, III. i. 4. heretical, III. ii. 9: of the Mean, quotation Duties which the virtuous and talented owe to the young and ignorant, IV. ii. 7 : of different Dynasties, Hsia, Yin, and Châu, IL. i. 1: IIL Earth, advantages of situation afforded by the, Earth-worm, an over-fastidious scholar com. Education, importance of a ruler attending to, Elated by riches, not to be, a proof of superiori- Emoluments, aarrangement of, in the Châu End, the, may justify the means, VIL. i. 81. Equanimity of Shun in poverty, and as sove- Error of a Mohist refuted, III. i. 5; ii. 9. Evil, a warning to the violently, and the weakly, Exactions just, should be made with discrimina- Example, influence of, III. ii. 6: influence of Excellence, how a prince cannot subdue men Excusing of errors, how Mencius beat down the, II. ii. 9. K'wang Chang, IV. i. 30: of the different | conduct of Tsăng and Taze-sze, IV. ii. 81: of Shun's conduct towards his brother, V. i. 8, and towards the sovereign Yao, and his father Ku-sâu, V. i. 4: of the odes Hsiao P'ân and Kai Tăng, VI. ii. 8. Extreme cases must not be pressed to invalidate a principle, VI. ii. 1. Failures in evident duty will be accompanied by failures in all duty, VII. i. 44. Faith, the necessity of, VI. ii. 12. Fame, a love of, may carry a man over great difficulties, VII. ii. 11. Father, why a, does not himself teach his own son, IV. i. 18. Favour to individuals, good government does not lie in, IV. ii. 2: how Mencius acknowledged a, VI. ii. 5. Favourite, Mencius would not pay court to a, IV. ii. 27. Filial piety, to have posterity, the greatest part of, IV. i. 26: in relation to benevolence, &c., IV. i. 27: how Shun valued and exemplified, IV. i. 28 seen in the obsequies of parents, IV. ii. 18 of K'wang Chang, IV. ii. 30: great, of Shun, V. i. 1; 4: of Tsăng-tsze seen, VII. ii. 36. Firmness of Hoi of Liû-hsiâ, VII. i. 28. First judgments are not always correct, IV. ii. 28. Five things which are unfilial, IV. ii. 80: injunctions at an assembly of the princes, VI. ii. 7: ways in which the sage teaches, VII. i. 40. Force, submission secured by, II. i. 8. Forester refusing to come to the king of Ch'î when called by a flag, V. ii. 7. Four limbs, principles of the mind compared to the, II. i. 6: different classes of ministers, VII. i. 19. Fraternal obedience, in relation to righteousness, &c., IV. i. 27: affection of Shun, V. i. 3. Freedom of Mencius, as unsalaried, to speak out his mind, II. ii. 5. Friends, carefulness in making, IV. ii. 24. Gain, the love of, and the love of good, cons trasted, VII. i. 25. Generosity of Mencius in receiving pupils, VII. ii. 80. Gifts of princes, how Mencius declined or accepted, II. ii. 8. Glory the result of benevolent government, II. i. 4. God, rulers and teachers assisting to, I. ii. 3 : the ordinances of, II. i. 4: IV. i. 4: the decree of, IV. i. 7: who may sacrifice to, IV. ii. 25. Good, sages and worthies delighted in what is, IL. i. 8: importance to a government of loving what is, VI. ii. 13: man is fitted for, and happy in doing, VII. i. 4 (see Nature): people should get their inspiration to, in themselves, VII. i. 10: the love of, and the love of gain contrasted, VII. i. 25: words and principles, what are, VII. ii. 32. Goodness, different degrees of, VII. ii. 25. Government, character of king Hûi's, I. i. 3; 4: the love of music subservient to good, L. ii. 1 : bad, of the king of Ch'i, I. ii. 6: of a kingdom, counsels for the III. i. 8: there is an art of, which requires to be studied by rulers and their ministers, IV. i. 1: the administration of, not difficult, IV. i. 6: the influence of king Wan's, IV. i. 18: good, lies in equal measures for the general good, IV. ii. 2: the aged were nourished by king Wăn's, VII. i. 22: the wellbeing of the people the first care of a, VII. i. 28. Grain, illustration from growing, I. i. 6. Great, houses, a ruler should secure the esteem of the, IV. i. 6: services, Heaven prepares men for, how, VI. ii. 15. Great man, Mencius's conception of the, III. ii. 2: makes no mistakes in propriety and righteousness, IV. ii. 6: simply pursues what is right, IV. ii. 11: is childlike, IV. ii. 12: in good men a reconciling principle will be found for the outwardly different conduct of, IV. ii. 29: how some are, VI. i. 15: he who counsels, should be morally above them, VII. ii. 34. Grief of Mencius at not finding an opportunity to do good, II. ii. 13. Half-measures of little use, I. i. 8. Hearts, of men, importance of getting the, II. ii. 1: IV. i. 9: the pupil of the eye index of the, IV. i. 15: how to nourish the, VII. ii. 85. Heaven, delighting in, and fearing, I. ii. 3: attaining to the royal dignity rests with, I. ii. 14: a man's way in life is ordered by, I. ii. 16: V. i. 8: he who has no enemy in the kingdom is the minister of, II. i. 5: opportuni. ties vouchsafed by, II. ii. 1: only the minister of, may smite a nation, II. ii. 8: the superior man does not murmur against, II. ii. 18: submission of States determined by, IV.i.7: Shun got the throne by the gift of,V.i. 5. Heaven's plan in the production of mankind, V. i. 7 ; ii. 1: Heaven's places, offices, and emoluments, V.ii. 8: has given us, what, VI. i. 15: the nobility of, VI. i. 16; prepares men by trials and hardships, VI. ii. 15: by the study of ourselves we come to the knowledge of, VII. i. 1: what may be correctly ascribed to the appointment of, VII. i. 2: conferred nature, the bodily organs a part of the, VII. i. 88: how the superior man regards the will of, VII. ii. 24. Hereditary monarchy, Mencius's views on, V. i. 5; 6. Heretics, recovered, should not have their old errors cast in their teeth, VII. ii. 26. Hire, the labourer is worthy of his, III. ii. 4. History, quotations from, III. i. 2'; ii. 1. Honour, the true, which men should desire, VI. i. 17. Husbandry, importance of, III. i. 8: VII. i. 22; 23: a ruler should not labour at, with his own hands, III. i. 4. Hypocrisy, Shun defended against a charge of, V. i. 2. Imperial or royal government, characteristic of, I. i. 7: dignity, attained by true royal government, I. ii. 5: II. i. 5; and by doing what is good and right, I. ii. 14: government, Mencius wished to see, and could have realized, a true, II. i. 1: sovereign should arise every 500 years, II. ii. 18: sway, not one of the things in which the superior man delights, VII. i. 20. Impulses must be weighed in the balance of reason, IV. ii. 23. Inability, defined, I. i. 7. |